Viral Spiral - How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own

VIRAL SPIRAL ALSO BY DAVID BOLLIER Brand Name Bullies Silent Theft Aiming Higher Sophisticated Sabotage (with co-authors Thomas O. McGarity and Sidney Shapiro) The Great Hartford Circus Fire (with co-author Henry S.Cohn) Freedom from Harm (with co-author Joan Claybrook) VIRAL SPIRAL How the Commoners Built a Digital Republic of Their Own David Bollier To Norman Lear, dear friend and intrepid explorer of the frontiers of democratic practice © 2008 by David Bollier All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced,in any form,without written permission from the publisher. The author has made an online version of the book available under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license.It can be accessed at http://www.viralspiral.cc and http://www.onthecommons.org. Requests for permission to reproduce selections from this book should be mailed to: Permissions Department,The New Press,38 Greene Street,New York,NY 10013. Published in the United States by The New Press,New York,2008 Distributed by W.W.Norton & Company,Inc.,New York ISBN 978-1-59558-396-3 (hc.) CIP data available The New Press was established in 1990 as a not-for-profit alternative to the large, commercial publishing houses currently dominating the book publishing industry. The New Press operates in the public interest rather than for private gain,and is committed to publishing,in innovative ways,works of educational,cultural,and community value that are often deemed insufficiently profitable. www.thenewpress.com A Caravan book. For more information,visit www.caravanbooks.org. Composition by dix! This book was set in Bembo Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Acknowledgments vii Introduction 1 Part I:Harbingers of the Sharing Economy 21 1. In the Beginning Was Free Software 23 2. The Discovery of the Public Domain 42 3. When Larry Lessig Met Eric Eldred 69 Part II:The Rise of Free Culture 91 4. Inventing the Creative Commons 93 5. Navigating the Great Value Shift 122 6. Creators Take Charge 145 7. The Machine and the Movement 168 8. Free Culture Goes Global 180 9. The Many Faces of the Commons 203 Part III:A Viral Spiral of New Commons 227 10. The New Open Business Models 229 11. Science as a Commons 253 12. Open Education and Learning 281 Conclusion:The Digital Republic and the Future of Democratic Culture 294 Notes 311 Index 335 ... - tailieumienphi.vn