Về ô nhiễm rác thải y tế ở Việt Nam

P ublic eco no mics – Lec ture r: Ly Ho a ng P hu, Msc Group assignment Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam Nguyen Thi Quynh Mai – 0851050049 Phạm Thanh Hải - 0851050064 Ha no i Oc to be r 2010 Group assignment Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam Public economics Table of Contents What is medical waste........................................................................... 2 Definition of medical wastes ................................................................2 Definition according to Wikipedia..................................................... 2 Definition according to Ministry of Public Health of Vietnam........... 2 Classification of medical wastes ........................................................... 2 Situation of medical wastes in Vietnam................................................3 From solid wastes................................................................................. 3 To liquid wastes .................................................................................... 4 Financial difficulties.............................................................................. 5 Solution of medical wastes in Vietnam.................................................. 6 Solutions for solid medical wastes ....................................................... 6 Solutions for liquid medical wastes ...................................................... 7 Solution for financial difficulties........................................................... 8 Conclusion.............................................................................................. 8 Resources............................................................................................... 9 Group assignment Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam Public economics Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam 1. What is medical waste? 1.1. Definition of medical wastes 1.1.1 Definition according to Wikipedia  Medical, known as clinical waste, normally refers to waste product that cannot be considered as general waste, produced from healthcare premises, such as hospital, clinics, doctors’ offices, labs and nursing homes.  Medical waste is solid and liquid waste created by diagnosing, treating or immunizing people or animals. It can also be the product of the research and testing of biological products. 1.1.2. Definition according to the Ministry of Public Health of Vietnam  Medical wastes are material in form of solid, liquid or gases which are eliminated from healthcare premises. Medical wastes include injurious medical wastes and common wastes.  Injurious medical wastes are medical wastes which contain factors that can harm man’s health and environment. Those factors should be easy-infectious, radioactive, inflammable, etc. 1.2. Classification of medical wastes 1.2.2. Infectious waste Infectious wastes can cause harm to people or the environment, and this category includes items such as bandages, surgical gloves, surgical instruments, needles and microbial dishes, cultures and cloths.  Sharp waste  Unsharp wastes Group assignment Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam Public economics  Extremely infectious wastes  Surgical wastes 1.2.1. Hazardous chemical wastes  Expired medicine, low quality medicine  Harmful chemical factor in healthcare  Wastes harm cell  Wastes contain heavy metal 1.2.2. Radioactive wastes 1.2.3. Vessel contains pressure 1.2.4. General wastes  Life wastes  Wastes from medical activities do not contain blood, biological juice, etc.  Wastes from administrative activities  Surrounding wastes 2. Situation of medical wastes in Vietnam 2.2. From solid wastes… According to the report of Ministry of public health, up to 2005, there were about 1047 hospitals with 140,000 sick-beds and 10,000 medical stations. Out of 2.5 kg wastes eliminated from each sick-bed per day, 10-15% is harmful wastes, which include dressing of wounds, syringes, sharp matters, medicines, radioactive and parts of body removed after surgeries. Also from the Ministry of public health, 2/3 of all hospitals have not applied safety waste disposal methods. Most wastes have not been classified and disinfected before discharging. Store houses are non-standard, unsanitary and highly infectious. In some areas, medical wastes are urgent matters because there have been no places for wastes to be gathered even in provincial hospital level. Recent statistics show that in Thaibinh province, there were about 2,000 sick-beds which eliminated 1,000-3500 kg wastes per day. Out of them, 20% were harmful wastes. Most hospitals have used method of burring wastes in the precincts except hospitals which has Group assignment Solutions for medical wastes in Vietnam Public economics had manual incinerator. In other hospitals, the manual incinerator is burned and leaves an uncomfortable smell According to the “Regulation of medical waste management” of the Ministry of Public Health, medical waste must be treated immediately at once, contained in bag or barrel according to color and standard. In fact, in most hospitals, especially in private medical stations, they do not follow the regulations. There have been many sanitation workers dumping waste bags to roadsides. In particular, Hanoi has thousands of medical stations, making up about 2% of total wastes. Only 60 hospitals and medical centers have signed up for waste treatment contract with Hard Medical Waste Enterprise with the amount of 1.5 tons per day. The rest of these wastes, for some reasons, are still mixed with household waste and increased rapidly. More than 310 private medical stations have not taken responsibility for their wastes or followed the regulations. They quibble that the amount of waste eliminated was too low or they did not know where to dispose it. One of the most dangerous problems is that tons of medicine covers, plastic infusion tubes, cylinder, etc. instead of being processed from many hospitals in Hanoi, especially Viet-Duc hospital, have been sold to scrap purchasers. On the 10th of August, when inspecting a truck which was going to the scrap purchased place in Hanoi, the Department of Natural Resources and Environment protection detected 60 bags of medical wastes which weighed about 700 kg. These bags contained medicine covers, plastic infusion tubes and cylinders. This truck started from Viet-Duc hospital. At the same time, they also detected a truck which contained 16 bags of medical wastes (300 kg) running from Viet-Duc hospital to Hoan Kiem district. The truck drivers declared that they bought wastes from Viet-Duc hospital at the price of 6,000 VND per kilogram for plastic, 1,500 VND per kilogram for small glass bottle. From 2002 to 2007, there were about 300 tons of medical wastes sold from Vietduc hospital to scrap purchasers and all of them were sold to manufacture appliances. 2.3. To liquid wastes Liquid wastes should be ranked the first in term of toxicitybecause of huge amount of germs and bacteria. Most hospitals have only focused on processing hard waste by incinerator ... - tailieumienphi.vn