UNIT I GRAMMAR: REVIEW OF TENSES

UNIT I GRAMMAR: REVIEW OF TENSES Present Continuous and Simple Present Present Continuous is used to: — talk about something which is in progress at the moment of speaking "Where are the children?" "They`re playing in the garden." "What are you doing at the moment?" "I`m writing a letter." You can switch off the TV. I`m not watching it. Look, there`s Sally. Who is she talking to? "Where is Margaret?" "She`s having a bath." Let`s go out now. It isn`t raining any more, (at a party) Hello, Ann. Are you enjoying the party? — talk about something which is in progress around the present, but not necessarily at the moment of speaking She`s looking for a job at the moment. Please don`t take that book. Ann is reading it. Andrew is spending a lot of time in the library these days, as he`s writing an article. Have you heard about Tom? He`s building his own house. — talk about something which is in progress for a limited period around the present (temporary state, current situations) Robert is on holiday this week. He`s staying with his sister in Bournemouth. "You`re working hard today." "Yes, I have a lot to do." They are living in Hong Kong for the time being. I can`t phone Peter. The phone isn`t working. Dick is a student, but he`s working as a barman during the holidays. — talk about situations which are changing or developing around the present Your children are growing up very quickly. Computers are becoming more and more important in our lives. The population of the world is rising very fast. — talk about planned future arrangements She`s arriving at the airport tomorrow at noon. I`m having lunch with Helen tomorrow. We`re spending next winter in Australia. We`re leaving at ten o`clock on Friday. I`m meeting Janet later this evening. — express a habit, to talk about something that happens more often than is normal, (repeated actions with adverbs like always, forever, constantly and continually) It can express a pleasant habit. I like Peter. He`s always smiling. He`s always giving people things. However, there`s usually an element of criticism. She`s always grumbling. (I find it annoying.) You`re forever losing things. (You lose things too often.) He`s constantly complaining about something. The secretary is always phoning her friends during office hours. (She phones her friends too often.) It is also possible to say: The secretary always phones her friends during office hours. This is a more neutral comment and not necessarily a criticism. We put always, forever, constantly and continually before the main verb. Jenny is constantly (always, forever, continually) arguing with her father. — give a commentary on a performance or activity She`s taking off her tracksuit and ... Comment on the uses of the Present Continuous. 1. I`m always paying for your coffee. Why can`t you pay for a change? 2. We`re spending next winter in Australia. 3. Don`t rush me. I`m working as fast as I can. 4. We`re enjoying our holiday here very much. 5. Young people are becoming more and more politically aware these days. 6. Ben and Patty are in London on holiday. They are staying at a small hotel near Hyde Park. 7. I`m meeting Sue on Saturday evening. 8. You are constantly panicing, aren`t you? Calm down. 9. Is he arriving tomorrow? 10. What are you drinking? It looks awful. 11. She is always helping people. 12. She is still waiting to see the boss. 13. He is always upsetting people by asking personal questions. 14. She is running 1,500 metres in the next Olympics. 15. What is Maria doing these days? — She is studying English at a school in London. 16. She is forever forgetting to lock the front door. 17. He`s hurrying to catch his train. 18. Prices are rising all the time. Everything is getting more and more expensive. 19. Tom isn`t playing football this season. He wants to concentrate on his studies. 20. Is your English getting better? 21. I`m having treatment on my bad back for a few weeks. 22. He`s always lying. You can`t believe a word he says. 23. Let`s go out now. It isn`t raining any more. 24. Please be quiet. I`m trying to concentrate. 25. My sister is very busy these days. She`s writing an article. 26. I`m learning English at evening classes this year. 27. Jennifer`s always losing her key. 28. Are you seeing Nigel tomorrow? 29. I`m living with friends until I find a place of my own. 30. You are spending a lot of money these days. Simple Present is used to: — talk about repeated actions or habits (habitual actions) I have a shower every morning. Most evenings my parents stay at home and watch TV. Do you go to the cinema very often? What time does Kate finish work? How often do you go to the dentist? In summer Tom usually plays tennis twice a week. Ann doesn`t often drink coffee. — talk about situations which are permanent (continuing for a long time) Mr and Mrs Shaw live in Bristol. (That is their permanent home.) Barry works in a shop. She wears expensive clothes. — talk about general truths Summer follows spring. The River Amazon flows into the Atlantic Ocean. It rains a lot in Britain in March and April. — give instructions You turn left at the corner. First you weigh the ingredients. — tell a joke or a story, to describe the dramatic action of a play (dramatic use) The Englishman goes to the Irishman and says... — talk about fixed future events (timetables, calendar) Our plane leaves at nine. The course ends in two weeks. The World Cup begins tomorrow. What time does the film start? — make suggestions Why don`t they go on a day-trip? Why don`t you join us? — make commentaries Becker serves (подаёт мяч) to Lendl. — make observations and declarations I hope so. I love you. It says here that... Simple Present is also used with certain verbs not normally used in the continuous forms. These verbs are called stative. They refer to states rather than actions. These are the groups of verbs: 1. verbs of the mind and thinking: believe, think, consider, understand, suppose, expect, agree, know, remember, forget, doubt, mean, mind What do you think of that book? I believe you are the man I`m looking for. She knows now what she has done wrong. Paul doesn`t mind if you use his car. Do you remember me now? I see the point. = I understand the point. He feels that he is right. = He is of the opinion that he is right. 2. verbs of emotion and feeling: like, dislike, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, care I like playing football. I hate getting up early in the morning. 3. verbs of the senses :see, smell, taste, hear I hear the sound of gun-fire. The cake smells good. The wine tastes sweet. 4. verbs of possession: have, possess, belong to, own I have two sisters. He owns a Rolls Royce. The book belongs to me. She doesn`t possess a thing in the world. 5. certain other verbs: concern, depend on, include, need, owe,seem and others I need a bath. . That doesn`t concern me. A newspaper costs about 20 p. Some of these verbs can be used in the continuous tenses when the verb expresses an activity, not a state. However the meaning changes slightly. Compare: I think it`s a great idea, (think as opinion, i.e. a state) He`s thinking of emigrating, (think as mental process, i.e.an activity) The soup tastes delicious, (a state) I`m tasting the soup to see if it needs more salt, (an activity) I expect you`d like something to eat. (expect meaning suppose) She`s expecting a baby. (She`s pregnant.) Jane has a car. (possession) The Browns are having dinner at the moment, (an activity), Some of the stative verbs can be used in the continuous form when they show that a process is taking place gradually or that a situation is temporary or unusual: I`m on holiday in Blackpool and I`m loving every minute of it. I`m slowly remembering all the details of the accident. You`re being very silly. Comment on the uses of the Simple Present. 1. Nurses look after patients in hospitals. 2. Why don`t you give up smoking? 3.1 am weighing myself. I weigh 65 kilos. 4. This coat belongs to you. 5. She drives to London once a week. 6. Can he manage? — I hope so. 7. She loves her baby more than anything. 8.1 occasionally eat meat. 9. Do you see that bird over there? 10.1 wear old clothes at home. 11. The car stops outside the National Bank. Three men get out and the driver stays in the car. The three men walk into the bank and take out their guns. 12. Vegetarians don`t eat meat or fish. 13. Let me explain what you have to do. First you take the photos and sort them into categories. Then you file them according to subject. 14.1 often forget things. 15. Why doesn`t he take up tennis? 16. Gases expand when heated. 17. Something smells strange. 18. We drink a lot of tea. 19. My uncle works in a factory. 20. The coach leaves at 6 this morning. 21. You know what I mean. 22. Do you like the 10 music? — Yes, it`s nice. 23.1 always go out on Sundays. 24. The concert starts at 7 next Friday. 25. They pay $60 a week rent. 26.1 need two notebooks. 27. We sit here every evening. I sometimes read a book. 28. He laughs a lot. 29. Ellis throws the ball in to Snow, but he loses it. 30. Watson gives the ball to Tanner. Tanner goes past two men, he shoots, but the ball hits a Liverpool player. 31. Does he seem unfriendly? 32. He never gets up early. 33. I have a car, but I don`t use it very often. 34. How many cigarettes do you smoke a day? 35. What time do banks close in England? 36. If you need money, why don`t you get a job? 37. I play the piano, but I don`t play very well. 38. The earth goes round the sun. 39. How often do you write to your parents? 40. You cook it for five minutes, and then you put the onions in. 41. What do you think of the film? 42.1 cry at sad films. 43. The sun rises in the east. 44. I think you are right. 45. My car doesn`t go very fast. 46. Does Brazil export cocoa? 47. Hot air rises. 46. It`s not right, you know — I agree. 49.1 hear a bird. It is singing. 50. I`m hungry. I want a sandwich. 51. The conference starts on June 3 rd and finishes on June 10th. 52. She works from Mondays to Fridays. She doesn`t work at weekends. 53. How often do you go swimming?— I go about once a week. 54. Loud music gives me a headache. Present Continuous (I`m doing) or Simple Present (Ido)? Present Continuous (/ am doing) Simple Present (/ do) Use the Present Continuous to talk Use the Simple Present to talk about something which is happening about things m general or things at or around the time of speaking: which happen repeatedly: The kettle is boiling. Can you rum Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. it off? Listen to those people. What Excuse me, do you speak English? language are they speaking? "Where`s Tom?" "He`s playing Tom plays tennis on Saturday. tennis." (you find a stranger in your room) What do you usually do at weekends? What are you doing here? What do you do? (= What`s your job?) Silvia is m Britain for three Most neonle learn to swim when months. She`s learning English. they are children. Use the Present Continuous for Use the Simple Present for a a temporary situation: permanent situation: I`m living with some friends until My parents live in London. They I can find a flat. have been there for 20 years. The machine isn`t working. It That machine doesn`t work. It hasn`t broke down this morning. worked for years. I`m sleeping on a sofa these days I always sleep eight hours every because my bed is broken. night. Self check I. Complete the following dialogues by using the words in parentheses. Also give short answers to the questions as necessary. Use the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. 1. A: (Mary, have) a bicycle? B: Yes,.... She (have) a ten-speed bike. 2. A: (It, rain) right now? B: No,... . At least, I (think, not) so. 3. A: (You, like) sour oranges? B: No,... . I (like) sweet ones. 4. A: (Your friends, write) a lot of letters? B: Yes,.... I (get) lots of letters all the time. 5. A: (The students, take) a test in class right now? B: No,.... They (do) an exercise. 6. A: (You, know) Tom Adams? B: No,.... I`ve never met him. 7. A: (Your desk, have) any drawers? B: Yes,.... It has six drawers. 8. A: (Jean, study) at the library this evening? B: No,.... She (be) at the student union. She (play) pool with her friend. A: (Jean, play) pool every evening? В: No,.... She usually (study) at the library. A: (She, be) a good player? B: Yes,.... She (play) pool three or four times a week. A: (You, know) how to play pool? B: Yes,.... But I (be, not) very good. 12 A: Let`s play sometime. B: Okay. That sounds like fun. П. Complete the sentences by using the words in parentheses. Use the Simple Present or the Present Continuous. Some of the sentences are negative. Some of the sentences are questions. Supply the short answer to a question if necessary. 1. A: Shhh. I (hear) a noise. (You, hear) it too? B: Yes,.... I wonder what it is. 2. A: Ron, (be) this your hat? B: No,.... It (belong, not) to me. Maybe it (belong) to Kevin. Why (you, not, ask) him? A: Okay. 3. A: Johnny, (you, listen) to me? B: Of course I..., Mom. You (want) me to take out the garbage. Right? A: Right! And right now! 4. A: (You, see) that man over there? B: Which man? The man in the brown jacket? A: No, I (talk) about the man who (wear) the blue shirt. B: Oh, that man. A: (You, know) him? B: No, I (think, not) so. A: I (know, not) him either. 5. A: Shhh. B: Why? (The baby, sleep)? A: Uh-huh. She (take) her afternoon nap. B: Okay, I`ll talk softly. I (want, not) to wake her up. 6. A: A penny for your thoughts. /О чем вы задумались?/ В: Huh? A: What (you, think) about right now? B: I (think) about English grammar. I (think, not) about anything else now. A: I (believe, not) you! B: But it`s true. III. Complete the sentences. Use the Simple Present or Present Continuous. Г. Alice (take, not) the bus to school every day. She usually (walk) instead. (Take, you) the bus to get to school every day, or 13 (walk, you)? 2. It (rain, not) right now. The sun (shine). (Rain, it) a lot here? 3. Right now I (look) at the board. (I, see) some words on the blackboard. 4. I (need) to call my parents today and tell them about my new apartment. They can`t call me because they (know, not) my new telephone number. 5. The tea is good. I (like) it. What kind is it? I (prefer) tea to coffee. How about you? 6. Right now the children (be) at the beach. They (have) a good time. They (have) a beach ball and they (play) with it. They (like) to play catch. Their parents (sunbathe). They (try) to get a tan. . They (listen) to some music on a transistor radio. They also (hear) the sound of sea gulls and the sound of the waves. 7. Right now I (think) about sea gulls and waves. I (think) that sea gulls are beautiful birds. 8. Sam is at the library. He (sit) at a table. He (write) a composition. He (use) a dictionary to lookup the spelling of some words. The dictionary (belong, not) to him. It (belong) to his roommate. Sam (look) up words in the dictionary because he (want) to make sure that he doesn`t have any misspelled words in his paper. 9. A: Which colour (prefer, you), red or blue? B: I (like) blue better than red. Why? A: According to this magazine article I (read) right now, people who (prefer) blue to red (be) calm and (value) honesty and loyalty in their friends. A preference for the colour red (mean) that a person (be) aggressive and (love) excitement. B: Oh? That (sound) like a bunch of nonsense to me. 10. A: (Believe, you) in flying saucers? B: What (talk, you) about? A: You know, spaceships from outer space with alien creatures aboard. B: In my opinion, flying saucers (exist) only in people`s imagination. 11. Janice: What (write, you) in your notebook? Diane: I (make) notes about questions I want to ask the teacher. Janice: (Prepare, you, always) so thoroughly for every class? Diane: I (try, always) to. 12. Bob: Jack really makes me angry! Sue: Why? Bob: Well, for one thing, he (interrupt, always) me. I can 14 barely get a whole sentence out of my mouth. Sue: Is that all? Bob: No. He (ask, always) me to do his homework for him. I have enough homework of my own without doing his homework too! 13. Mother: Susie! Get your fingers out of the dessert! What (do, you)? Susie: I (taste) the cake. It (taste) good. Mother: Well, you`ll just have to wait until dinnertime. You can have some then. 14. This morning it (rain). I can see Janet from my window. She (stand) at the corner of 5th and Pine. She (hold) her umbrella over her head. She (wait) for the bus. 15. Right now I (look) at Janet. She (look) angry. I wonder what`s the matter. She (have) a frown on her face. She certainly (have, not) any fun right now. 16.1 can`t afford that thing. It (cost) too much. 17.1 (own, not) an umbrella. I (wear) a waterproof hat on rainy days. 18. The house is in a mess, because we`ve got the workmen in. The plumber (put) in a new bath, the electricians (rewire) the system, and the carpenter (build) us some new bookshelves. 19. You (hear)ihe wind? It (blow) very strongly tonight. 20. You (see) my car keys anywhere? — No, I (look) for them but I (not see) them. 21. Why you (walk) so fast today? You (walk, usually) quite slowly. — I (hurry) because I (meet) my mother at 4 o`clock and she (not like) to be kept waiting. 22. You (recognize) that man? — I (think) I have seen him before but I (not remember) his name. 23. Look at that crowd. I (wonder) what they (wait) for. 24. Stop! You (not see) the notice? — I (see) it but I can`t read it because I (not wear) my glasses. What it (say)? — It (say), "These premises are patrolled by guard dogs." 25. You (need) another blanket or you (feel) warm enough? 26. It (save) time if I (take) the path through the wood? — No, it (not matter) which path you take. 27.1 (save) up because I (go) abroad in July. 28.1 (think) it is a pity you don`t take more exercise. You (get) fat. 29. The plane that you (look) at now just (take) off for Paris. 30. Tom never (do) any work in the garden; he always (work) on his car. — What he (do) in his car now? — I (think) he (polish) it. 31. That film (come) to the local cinema next week. You (want) to see it? 32. How Peter (get) on at school? — Very well. He (seem) to like the life. 33. Why Mrs Pitt (look) so angry? — Mr Pitt (smoke) a 15 cigarette and (drop) the ash on the carpet. 34. This is our itinerary. We (leave) home on the 8th, (arrive) in Paris on the 9th, (spend) the day in Paris, and (set) out that night for Venice. — That (sound) most interesting. You must tell me all about it when you (get) back. 35. This story is about a boy who (make) friends with a snake which he (find) in his garden. Then he (go) away but he (not forget) the snake and some years later he (return) and (look) for it. He (find) the snake who (recognize) its old friend and (coil) round him affectionally. But, unfortunately, the snake is by now a full-grown boa-constrictor and its embrace (kill) the poor boy. — The snake (feel) sorry about this? — I (not know). The story (end) here. 36. How you (end) a letter that (begin), "Dear Sir"? — I always (put), "Yours truly", but Tom (prefer) "Yours faithfully". 37. What the word "catastrophe" (mean)? — It (mean) "disaster". 38. What you (wait) for? — I (wait) for the shop to open. — But it (not open) till 9.00. — I (know) but I (want) to be early as their sale (start) today. 39. Why you (smoke) a cigar, Mrs Pitt? You (not smoke) cigars as a rule. —-I (smoke) it because I (want) the ash. This book (say) that cigar ash mixed with oil (remove) heat stains from wood. 40. Who (own) this umbrella? — I (not know). Everybody (use) it but nobody (know) who (own) it. 41. You (mind) if I (ask) you a question? — That (depend) on the question. — It (concern) your brother. — I (refuse) to answer any questions about my brother. 42. The last train (leave) the station at 11.30. 43. You (enjoy) yourself or would you like to leave now? — I (enjoy) myself very much. I (want) to stay to the end. 44. How you (get) to work as a rule? — I usually (go) by bus but tomorrow I (go) in Tom`s car. 45. Why you (put) on your coat? — I (go) for a walk. You (come) with me? — Yes, I`d love to come. You (mind) if I bring my dog? 46. You (belong) to your local library? — Yes, I do. — You (read) a lot? — Yes, quite a lot. — How often you (change) your books? — I (change) one every day. 47. You (like) this necklace? I (give) it to my daughter for her birthday tomorrow. 48. These workmen are never satisfied; they always (complain). 49. You (write) to him tonight? — Yes, I always (write) to him on his birthday. You (want) to send any message? 50. Tom and Mr Pitt (have) a long conversation. I (wonder) what they (talk) about. 51. You (believe) all that the newspapers say? — No, I (not believe) any of it. — Then why you (read) 16 newspapers? 52. This car (make) a very strange noise. You (think) it is all right? — Oh, that noise (not matter). It always (make) a noise like that. 53. The fire (smoke) horribly. I can`t see acfoss the room. — I (expect) that birds (build) a nest in the chimney. — Why you (not put) wire across the tops of your chimneys? — Tom (do) that sometimes but it (not seem) to make any difference. 54. The children are ... - tailieumienphi.vn