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- NOIDUNG
+ GILLES DELEUZE VA Vl�C TIEP NH�N
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NIETZSCHE d PHAP............................................................. 7
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+ "VAN HOC THIEU SO" VA
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MOT GACH 80C KHAC VE KAFKA ....................................56
+ THAN MINH MOT HOA TRAM .............................................84
+ BUI GIANG VOi "MARTIN HEIDEGGER VA TU TUONG
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Hl�N 8�1": CUOC HON PHOI TUNG BUNG .......................92
A A A
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+ "TRIET HOC KANT" HOI Nl�M VA VIEN CANH ...............128
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+ 200 NAM DARWIN 150 NAM "NGUON GOC CAC LOAl"..151
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+ D!CH THUAT VA HOC THUAT ..........................................192
• cAu CHUY�N D!CH THUAT: BAO GIO
CO NH0NG "D!CH TRUONG"? .......................................... 202
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+ TIENG GOI TU "THdl TRl)C" ............................................209
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- 8 • BUI VAN NAM �ON
Voi cau noi c6 ve "cueing di�u" ay, Foucault dudng
nhu khong chi muon noi den Deleuze nhu m9t tac gia ca
bi�t, ma con muon noi den ban than minh, ciing nhu
den ca m9t the h� nhung triet gia Phap thudng duqc
sach bao gQi la "nhilng triet gia m6'i'' tu khoang 1960 toi
nay: the h� ke tiep J. p.
Sartre, hay dung hdn, the h�
sau Sartre. Day la m¢t the
h� tg.O ra "nhfi'ng gqi mo
sang tg.O hdn bat CU ndi nao
khac" (Habermas) voi VO so
nhung ten tuoi ma chi can
neu m¢t so tieu bieu thoi
ciing da thay choang ngqp
ve slj dong dao, phong phu:
Jacques Attali, Roland
Michel Foucault
Barthes, Jean Baudrillard,
Pierre Bourdieu, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault,
Rene Girard, Andre Glucksmann, George Bataille,
Maurice Blanchot, Andre Gorz, Jacques Lacan, Michel
Leiris, Claude Levi-Strauss, Jean-Francois Lyotard,
Edgar Morin, Michel Serres, Philippe Sollers, Alain
Touraine, Paul Virilio ...
f)�c diem lon nhat cua the h� nay la da chia tay voi
tham v9ng cua Sartre muon "tong h
- TRO CHUY(N TRJ(T HOC + 9
Platon va nhat la voi "bi�n chung phap" kieu Hegel.
Tat ca nhung gi dttqc ton tr9ng va c6 hi�u h.;ic suot may
tram nam trong tu Wong Tay phttdng deu bi d�t thanh van
de: tu duy toan the h6a - dong d�ng h6a, phep bi�n chung,
sieu hinh h9c, y ngrua, chan ly, tri thuc tuy�t doi, S\J t\i do,
chu the ... Bttoc ngo�t trong tu Wong ding tri�t de va manh
li�t khong khac gi bttoc ngo�t tu Cd h9c Newton sang thuyet
tudng doi Va Cd h9c lttQ'ng tu trong V�t ly h9c hi�n d�!
Trttoc het la S\i chia tay vai phep bi?n chung: voi
Deleuze, phep bi�n chung la "y h� cua S\J phan h�n"
( ideologie du ressentiment); voi Lyotard, n6 la "ton giao
duy nhat kha huu cua nha nttoc hi�n d�i - la chiec tui
du lich cua S\J buon nan"! The cha cho vi tri cua phep
bi�n chung va the gioi triet h9c cua Descartes nhtt la
the gioi v�t ly cua Newton la nhung nh�n thuc moi ve
"the gioi h�-nguyen tu" voi ba d�c diem. Thu nhat: tinh
cuifng d9, do la cai khac cua/voi phep bi�n chung, cai
doi l�p l�i phttdng phap, la m¢t bieu hi�n cua "slj khang
11
djnh phe phan • Roi ngay ca tinh "phe phan" ciing khong
on trttoc mat Lyotard: Lyotard xem S\i phe phan van
con la tan du cua m(>t thai d¢ me tin ("y hf') khong the
chap nh�n dtiQ'c. V�y, chi c6 the n6i den m¢t S\i nh�p
CUng t�p hQ'p va bao chua tat ca nhung
gi da dttQ'c n6i ra (le deja dit) n6i nhtt Foucault (tuc
khong phai 1, 2, 3 ma la I+ I+ I) hay chinh la nguyen
- 1 o • BUI YAN NAM �ON
tac cua chu VA (ET) thay the cho chu LA (EST) ndi
Deleuze < 1 > , nghfa la, dieu da duqc noi khong ngung
duqc noi l�i m
- TRO CHUY(N TRIU HOC + 11
chuyen che" da danh gia qua cao vi tri cua con nguoi dan
den stj kieu ngc.io, vi con nguoi da "bien minh thanh chua
te tuy�t doi cua stj sang tc.io". Ong n6i: "Toi tin rang tat ca
mQi bi ltjch ma chung ta da nem trai, tu chu nghia thtjc
clan den chu nghia phat xit vdi cac trc.ii t�p trung huy di�t
con nguoi khong he doi l�p hay mau thuan vdi chu nghia
ttj g9i la nhan ban trong hinh thuc ma ta da thtjc hi�n
n6 trong may the ky vua qua, trai lc.ii, toi muon n6i rang,
chung hau nhu la nhung h� qua ttj nhien ma thoi"(l). Vi
the, thay cho cho "chu the'', Deleuze va Guattari n6i ve
"hanh vi phat ngon" va "vi�c san xuat tide muon", con
ndi Derrida la h� thong quy tac van h6a va ngu h9c.
Vi�c tu khu&c tu duy toan the h6a kieu Hegel se la stj
ket lieu nhung "dc.ii tlJ'. stj" ("nhung y hf') ndi Lyotard, la
stj lan toa cua nhung "tieu ttj sef', tuc, nhung tro chdi ngon
ngu, nhung l�p lu�n va chien luQ'c tu duy "vi mo". "Hoc.it
d{mg thieu so" nay cua Lyotard tudng ung v&i vi�c "tr
- 12 • BUI YAN NAM �ON
duy m6'i, n)ng rai hdn nhieu cua m9t slj"thoat khoi khuon
kho", slj"di l�ch", slj"khacbi�t" (la difference),"chu nghia
du ml)c" (nomadisme). Tat ca n6i len slj sang khoai cua
"m9t loi tu duy tham h9a1 tai bien", n6i nhu Baudrillard,
debao v� con nguoi tru6'c"sljbuon te cua cai da hoan tat"
( ((Melancholie des Fertigen") theo each n6i cua Nietzsche.
Hay n6i nhu Bataille, van de khong phai la "tu duy, tu
tliong" (penser,, la pensee) ma la"tu duy vliqt rao", la" doc
sue", "t�n hien" (depenser,, la depense).
Ta vua nhac den Nietzsche, va vi�c "h� bf' Hegel
cfi.ng dong nghia v6'i vi�c "len ngoi" cua Nietzsche! C6
the n6i d6 la"slj co" dang chu y nhat cua triet h9c Phap
tu sau 1945. Bu6'c chuyen tu Hegel sang Nietzsche bao
hi�u m9t khoi dau m6'i, m9t slj bung no cua tu duy triet
h9c. Khong c6 Nietzsche,
khong the hieu duqc tu tuong
Phap ngay nay! Boi, theo
Foucault, Nietzsche c6 m
- TRO CHUYfN TRlrT HOC • 13
nhung Hegel, Freud la triet h9c cua Nietzsche: "hay de
cho nhung gi khong the duQ'c ma h6a tlj do luu hanh va
hay dao 1¢n tat ca nhung gi da duQ'c ma h6a", bdi vi cac
h¢ thong"quan lieu khong 16" ay cu ra sue ma h6a tat ca!
D6 la "tu duy trong bau khong khi trong lanh, thong
thoang", vang r¢n"tieng cu6'i cua Dyonysos; tieng cuo'i ay
se cang trd nen r¢n ra hdn trong tac pham lon ve sau nay
cua Deleuze, viet chung voi Felix Guattari: Capitalisme et
Schizophrenie I. Lilnti-Oedipe/Chu nghia tu ban va b�nh
tam than phan Mp I. Chong-Oedipe ( 1972). "Chu nghia du
mvc", "Chong-Oedipe", "Rhisome" (ket chuoi), tinh da
the, da trung tam ( multiplicite, polycentrisme) - doi l�p l�i
voi tuyen tinh, tinh nhi nguyen, tinh toan the, V. V • • • d tac
pham h�u ky cua Deleuze khong gi khac hdn la du am va
ket qua cua tu tu&ng Nietzsche. Deleuze thu6'ng n6i dua
rang ((tam vj nhat the' trier h9c" cua ong khac voi tam vi nhat
the cua than h9c d cho trong d6 khong c6 tr�t tlj thu b�c,
khong c6 slj"sieu vi¢t" cua m9t nhan vi, tuc cua Due Chua
Cha so voi Due Chua Con va Due Chua Thanh than."Tam
vi nhat the" cua ong la ba cljc cua m
- 1, • BUI YAN NAM SON
ngoai": h9i h9a, am nh�c, di�n anh... Chu de cua ong cang
phong phu bao nhieu, sach ong cang "pha each", cang kh6
d9c bay nhieu! Qua th�t kh6 ai ngo' rang tren que huo'ng
cua Descartes l�i dien ra nhfing dao l9n mang nhieu tinh
noi lo�n, l�t do m�nh me den nhu the. "Dinh m�nh" cua
triet h9c Phap la luon gan lien voi nhung triet gia Due: het
Kant, Hegel, Marx, thi den Freud, Heidegger, roi bay gi6'
la Nietzsche. Nhung, xung h;tc day tao b�o cua cac triet gia
Phap trong may ch1;1c nam qua da khien cac dong nghi�p
a ben kia b6' song Rhein sung sot va khiep via! Thay vi tiep
sue va khuech am, cac triet gia Due cung th6'i l�i theo doi
bang c�p mat e de va ... canh giac. Lam sao giai thich hi�n
tu'.Q'ng kha bat thu6'ng ay? Jiirg Altwegg va Aurel Schmidt,
tu nuoc Due, thu ly giai bang ly do . . . dia chinh tri: "0
Phap, nha nuoc m�nh, trung uo'ng t�p quyen va ngu6'i clan
Phap c6 the tl;l dong nhat voi nha nuoc ay. D6 la m9t nha
nuoc c6 the lien tvc bi phe phan, nhung khong bao gio' bi
d�t thanh van de ve nguyen tac. Chinh vi the m�nh me
ay cua nha nu6'c cho phep triet h9c phat trien tl;l do hdn,
d¢c l�p ho'n va luon khong ngung no lgc "tu duy cai bat
kha". Con d nuoc Due, tinh hlnh rat khac. Nha nuoc yeu,
bi qua phan cho den thoi Bismarck va hi�n van con bi chia
cat [ tinh hinh nam 1987]. Vi the, triet h9c cang phai ch�t
che ho'n, thuan nhat ho'n de dam nh�n cai quyen uy ma
nha nu'6'c khong c6. Cho nen, luc nao cung la Hegel va cac
h�u du� cua Hegel! Song hanh v6'i quyen uy triet h9c la
m9t yeu sach ve tinh pho quat, dieu khong the hinh dung
duQ'c a Phap. Nguyen uy cua tinh hinh nay c6 le la noi lo
SQ' tru'.o'C h9a phat xit hay IDQt d�ng phat xit moi CO nguon
goc giai thich duQ'c ve m�t ijch SU va c6 the de dang bung
- TRO CHUYlN TRln HOC + 15
phat vo'i loi tli duy it nhieu mang tinh chat phi ly tinh"(l).
Ta khong dao sau hdn van de nay va quay tro t�i v6'i
Deleuze, khuon m�t tieu bieu nhat cua vi�c tiep thu
Nietzsche o Phap v6'i tac pham "Nietzsche va triet h9c".
a
2. Viec tiep thu Nietzsche Phap rat phong phu vii phuc
t�p, d6 la chua n6i den o Yva cac nu6'c Anh-My. Rieng
o Phap, nguoi ta thuong chia thanh hai xu hu6'ng ly giai
16'n: ly giai Nietzsche nhu la triet gia cua stj khac bi�t
(difference) va ly giai Nietzsche nhu la nha sieu hinh h9c
hay tam ly hQC. (J XU htto'ng truck, Cong dau thUQC Ve
Gilles Deleuze (Nietzsche nhu la ke sang l�p m9t nen
triet hQC chong-Hegel cua "stj khac bi�t va tai dien"), sau
d6 la Pierre Klossowski (lay cam hung tu J.J. Rousseau,
nhan m�nh den stj tlidng phan bi lqch gifia tinh ttj phat
cua cam nang va tinh thuan ly cua tu duy triiu tliQ'ng)J roi
den Michel Foucault (cai nhln cua Nietzsche ve l.ich SU
nhu la san khau cua b�o ltjc) vaJacques Derrida (cai nhin
cua Nietzsche ve "tro chdi cua "differance" [ctia stj "trien
h�n"/va "khac bi�t"J. Xu hu6'ng sau ly giai Nietzsche nhu
la nha ban the h9c ve stj khac bi�t (Pierre Boudot, Michel
Guerin ... ), ho�c nhu nha tam ly h9c va nha giao d1;1c ve
sg hj do ( Christophe Baroni, Michel Henry ... ), ho�c nhu
nguoi thiet l�p m9t ban the h9c m6'i me (Jean Granier,
AlainJuranville, Eric Blonde! ... ). Trong cac trao luu nay,
Gilles Deleuze la khuon m�t tien phong va noi b�t. M9t
stj "phan ky" lam ba giai do�n trong hanh trlnh tli tliong
1
Jiirg Altwegg/Aurel Schmidt: Franzosische Denker der
Gegenwart/Cac nha tu tuang Phap duong a(!.i, Sdd, tr. 28-29.
- 16 + BUI YAN NAMSON
cua Deleuze drtQ'c Raymond Bellour va Francois Ewald
de nghi trong m9t CUQC n6i chuy�n voi Deleuze vao nam
1988 (va ong khong phan doi!) hau nhu trldng ung voi
cai "tam vi nhat the triet h9c" n6i d tren. Th6'i ky dau
("tu duy mai") la nhfing cong trinh nghien cuu ve Hume,
Nietzsche (Nietzsche va triet h9c, 1962), Kant, Bergson,
Spinoza voi cac ket qua duQ'c due ket trong hai tac pham
chinh yeu (Difference et repetition, 1968 va Logique du sens,
1969) thanh m9t phac thao c6 h� thong ve "triet h9c cua
svkhac bi�t". Th6'i kythu hai (11nhin mai, nghe mai") duQ'c
danh dau bang slj hQ'p tac voi Felix Guattari, nha phan
tam h9c, voi cac tac pham: L'Anti-Oedipe. Capitalisme
et shizophrenie I, ( 1972), m
- TRO CHUYlN TRIH HOC • 17
than. Theo Deleuze, Nietzsche hi�n than cho m9t nen
triet hQC phan doi phep bi�n chung ve cai Tuy�t doi ndi
Hegel, voi danh xung kha khieu khich nhu m¢t man "vtJ,t
lf h,;ic" (physique) ve S\l ton t�i cua Ive (sue m�nh), ve S\l
V�n d9ng Va S\l tro' thanh, tach roi VOi truyen thong sieu
hinh h
- 18 • BUI YAN NAM �ON
dinh thuan tuy. N6 ciing con duqc g9i la logic h9c cua
Dionysos, ''n6i vang" khong h�n che voi CUQC song nhu
la voi S\i thong nhat tham my-bi lqch giua tai bien Va tinh
nang san. Khai ni�m trung tam cua n6 ve sau se la h9c
thuyet ve y chi quye'n ltjc. H9c thuyet nay - trong cac tac
pham thoi ky giua cua Nietzsche - duqc chuan bi dl;ia
theo mo hinh cua sinh the huu cd, vi sinh the chi c6 the
duqc hieu nhu la "sl;i da t�p va phuc t�p cua nhung sue
m�nh khong the quy gian duqc". Cac sinh the t�o nen
m9t quan h� tlidng tac phuc t�p tu nhung sue m�nh
ho4t nang va phan ung. S\i thong nhat cua chung khong
tuan theo cac quy tac cua "S\i dong nhat logic", cua "dang
thuc toan h9c" hay cua m9t "s\i can bang v�t ly'', trai l�i,
tien-gia djnh m9t nang ll;tc lien tt;tc t�o ra S\i khac bi�t.
Nguyen tac huu·cd "tai t�o cai khac nhau" va vi�c "l�p
l4i S\i khac bi�t" - do nguyen tac ay dam bao - CO the
mang mQt ten gQi khac: stj quy ho'i vinh cuu cua cung m9t
cai. N6 bieu thi m9t S\i tong hqp ho�t nang - nhu la "Cd
so cua cai khac nhau va cua vi�c tai t40 cai khac nhau"
- dt;ta tren "m9t nguyen tac ve Cd ban la mem deo"(l).
Nietzsche gQi nguyen tac ay la y chi quyen ll;tc theo nghia
rang: y chi la tac nhan cua m9t slj tong hqp da d4ng gifia
nhfing sue m4nh. Nhung, vi le y chi - trong quan h� voi
cai duQ'c n6 tong hqp - khong phai la m9t d4i luqng
sieu vi�t, bat d9ng, khong phai la "Cd quan tham quyen"
( insl:ance) dung len tren S\i V�ll d9ng, nen )' chi ay la
d9ng ll;ic cua m9t v� d9ng xam han-phe phan, pha huy
1
Cac trich d�n trong bai nay la tir "Nietzsche va triit h9c" theo ban
dich cua NguySn Thi Tu Huy, trir nhung ch6 c6 chu thich rieng.
- TRO CHUY(N TRIU HOC • 1 9
m9i hinh thai cua m9t slj ton t4i cung d9ng. N6 t\i bao
ton trong ho4t d9ng nay nhu' la "yeu to khu bi�t [hay di
bi�t h6a J cua nhfing sue m4nh dang o trong quan h� voi
nhau, Va, qua do, la mo hinh Cd ban cua m9t Slj bien the
(metamorphose) lien tvc cua chinh n6".
Triet h9c cua Nietzsche ve y chi quyen lljc, ve Cd ban,
la m9t pha hf h9c (genealogie) cua y chi quyen ll;ic. Pha h�
h9c nam trong khuon kh6 m9t ly thuyet ve sue m4nh hau
hgn. Ly thuyet ay se du'Q'c mo r9ng thanh m9t ly thuyet
van h6a va Iich sti van h6a ( nho vao m9t "lo4i hinh h9c").
Ll;ic hay sue m4nh huu h4n the hi�n trong cac the each
(modus) ho4t nang va phan ung, trong d6 khong m9t the
each nao gifi tj tri cua m9t d4i lu'Q'ng tuy�t doi ca. (j m9t
sue m4nh huu h4n, ho4t nang tat yeu gan lien voi phan
ung va nguQ'c l4i. Boi le: tinh hogt nang thuan tuy la thu9c
tinh cua m9t sue m4nh VO hgn, con Unh phan ung thuan tuy
·at se la slj tieu bien hoan toan cua sue m4nh. Vi the, sue
m4nh cua con nguoi c6 the thtjc hi�n hai hinh thuc khac
nhau cua tinh phan ung. Hinh thuc thu nhat - nhu la "cai
VO thuc phan ung - tlj gioi h4n trong m9t ho4t d
- 20 • BUI YAN NAM �ON
gifia hai lo�i hinh nay cua tinh phan ung ducjc duy tri nho
vao sue m�nh ho�t nang cua nang lgc quen. Vi�c quen
m9t each tich cljc se ngan can slj xuat hi�n cua tinh phan
a
ung th9 d9ng. day, quen hay nguoi quen khong phai
la bieu hi�n cua m9t tinh tr�ng thieu nang ve tinh than,
trai l�i, quen la "ngh� thu�t'' chuyen trao m
- TRO CHUYlN TRlfT HOC • 21
S\l khac bi�t Ve nguyen tac giua SUC ffi9-nh Va bieu hi�n
cua sue ffi9-nh, thi bay gio m9t sue ffi9-nh co the bi xem
la t9i loi khi n6 hanh d9ng va dtiqc xem la thi�n hao, tot
lanh khi no khtioc tu ffiQt phan ung tfch C\iC dtioi nhung
dieu ki�n nhat dinh. Ngay tu
trong tac pham dau tay (St!
ra dcti cua bi kjch), Nietzsche
da thu ap dvng m9t phtidng
phap kich tinh h6a vao cho
tien trinh chuyen dich cac
sue ffi9-nh dtioi tac d9ng cua
S\i phan h�n. Phtidng phap ay
khac Ve chat VOi S\l quy dinh
theo kieu sieu hinh h9c co
truyen: thay vi d�t cau hoi
Ve ban chat Cua ffiQt S\l V�t,
a
Nietzsche d�t cau hoi ve "thu ph9-m", ve ke khai sinh Cl)
the ra no. day, la cau hoi: Ai la "ngh� nhan" cua S\i phan
h�n?
Nietzsche tra loi cau hoi nay bang m9t thu lo(}i hinh
h9c (typologie) phuc hqp ve nguoi giao si Do thai giao
Kito giao. Lo9-i hinh h9c nay tuy�t nhien khong mang
mau sac chung tQC hay sinh h9c, ma la Cd SO kien true
lu�n cho m9t ly thuyet ve van h6a, nghia la soi sang logic
cua S\i phan h�n bang kich thtioc nhan h9c-Iich SU. Khi
con la ho9-t d9ng tien-sit, van hoa chinh la S\i l\ia ch9n Va
th\ic hi�n cho bang dtiqc nhung quy ph9-m, qua d6 phan
bi�t doi song con nguoi voi m9i v�t. Ben trong h� thong
quy ph9-m da dtiqc xac l�p ay, 109-i hinh "giao si'' phat
- 22 • BUI YAN NAM �ON
trien nhung phudng ti�n quyet dinh de ((nQi tam hoa" hay
"n9i hi�n hoa" h� thong ay, b6'i neu khong, tinh quy phq.m
ay khong the c6 tac d�ng lau hen. Nguoi giao sI "phat
minh" ra m9t phlidng phap duQ'c thua nh�n cong khai de
quy ket tQi loi, hinh ph q.t, va, qua do, tq. O nen m9t mau
nguoi chiu trach nhi�m luan lf: nhin lq.i tinh trq.ng "vo
trach nhi�m tuy�t d�p" truoc day, con nguoi chi con m9t
cam giac duy nhat, d6 la slj xau ho va m�c cam t9i loi.
Nietzsche xem nen van h6a cho toi nay la m9t khong
gian dl.iQ'C tq.O ra m9t each gia tq.01 trong do quy tac Ve tinh
trach nhi�m ca nhan da toan thang trong slj tuan ph�c cai
pho bien mang tinh ton giao, sieu hinh h9c hay chinh tri.
Vi the, van h6a - hay nhu each n6i cua Rousseau: ((etat
de civilisation" (((tinh trt:J,ng van minh") -, ve nguyen tac, la
mQt slj "giai-tlj nhien h6a" sue mq.nh cua con nguoi. Nhin
m9t each nghiem khac, khong the bao Iich SU cua van h6a
la m9t lich SU cua slj tien b
- TRO CHUY(N TRIIT HOC + 23
nguoi cuoi cung" voi nhung md uoc hq.nh phuc nho nhoi,
yeu duoi. Voi chien thang cua "con nguoi cuoi cung",
nguyen tac hoq.t nang cua vi�c san sinh ra Sl.j khac bi�t da
bien mat khoi lich su, khien cho nhan loq.i bi "luan ly h6a"
hoan toan CO nguy Cd rdi trd lq.i vao trong trq.ng thai chet
cung cua m9t cai ton tq.i bat-phan bi�t.
Tuy nhien, trong dl;t cam cua Nietzsche ciing nhu
trong nh�n dinh cua Deleuze - khac voi ly thuyet phe
phan van h6a nhuom mau bi quan cua Theodor W.
Adorno va Max Horkheimer -, khong gian van h6a cho
toi nay khong chi la mieng dat cua slj VO VQng hay cua
slj "buon chan" trlioc kha the da trd nen khong the thljc
hi�n duQ'c. Trong khong gian van h6a ay, hau nhu m9t
loq.i "hoa qua chin muoi nhat" cua n6, tuc "cai ca �han c6
chit quye'n, cai ca nhan tlj trj... chi ngang bang voi chinh
minh", da tlj giai ph6ng kh6i nen dq.o due thong tl;tc, da
khac pht;1c duQ'c can b�nh cua chu nghia hu VO de mang
hinh thai cua ((sieu nhan", khac bi�t ve chat voi con nguoi
yeu duoi cua nen van h6a truoc nay. Ca nhan chu quyen,
tlj tri, mang tinh "sieu nhan" nay se kh6'i dong tro l
nguon tai.lieu . vn