Thực trạng và giải pháp công tác giảng dạy học tập môn xử lý thông tin ở Việt Nam

THLTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP
CONG TAC GIANG DAY, HOC TAP
MON XLT LY THONG TIN 6 VIET NAM
Tran Minh Hhd
Thu vign KtKja hpc )Q hpi tryt thupc Vien Khoa hpc Xa hoi viing Nam Bo
Tdm l i t :
Bd mdn idfly thdng tin dUOc cx)i la mdt trang nhOhg mdn duyen nginh rit quan trpng trong cdng tic
diotaonginh ThW win - Thing tin. Trong thut tien cdng tac thW win - thdng bn, cdng tacxdty thdng
tin d mit d hau h^dc khiu tif bd sung ddn phuc vu ngu& diing tin vi li mdt trong ntiOtig cdng viic
inh tiudng trut ti^ d&i hieu qui aia ca quan thW vi^ • thdng tki. Bai viet phan tkh thut trpng giing
dpy vi hpc t$p IJO mdn xtfly tiidng tin d tfiit Nam tuin nay dua tren qui trinh tim hieu dwang tiinh dio
tpongir^ Thu viin - Thdngtinaia mdt sd trudng dpi hpc Trincdsddd, tic gii dwa ra mdt sd giii pfiap
cp the nhSm nSng cao cdng tic giang day vi tioc t^ bd mdn nay trong thdl gixi tdi.
Tif kitoi: xy ly thdng tin, mon hpc, giing day, hpc tip.
At)stract:
Information processing is seen as one of die very important specialized subjects In the Iitxary and information saenxs training. In practice of ttie library and infymiatxn actiwoes, informabon processing appears
in almost all steps horn acquisiticaitousers'serviixs and is one of ttie activities tfiat has direct influences
on ttie dfidency of the library-lntormation institutions. The article analyzes current situation of teaching
and learning information processing subject In Wet Nam on ttie t)asis of researchingtiieHtirary and infc^mation curriculums of several universities. Ttierdjy, the auttior proposes some specific solutions to improve
Oactiing and learning of this subject kl the coming time.
Key Vfords: Information processing, subjects, teaching, learning.
MddSu
Cong tie d i o tgo ngudi lim thU vien (NLTV)
da phat trien d hau het eic quoe gia tren ttie gk5^i.
Ging gifihg nhU cac nudc trong khu vyt, dao tgo
nginh ThU vign - Thfing tin d Viet Nam dUdc thyt
hign &n dau n i m 1961, cung vdi sy ra dffi oia
ktwa Thu vign - Ttifing tin, tnJdng Dgi hpe Vin
hoi Ha Npi. Nhuhg nim gan day, cfing tae dao
tgo NLTV duoc chu trpng phit bien hdn bao gid
hgt c i ^ so lupng cie cd sd d i o tgo v i npi dung
ehutjng tiinh dao tao. Mfit sfi mfin chuyen nganh
mdi 6U0c bo sung; nfii dung, p h u t ^ phip giing
dgy du^c cap nhit, ttiay doi nhim giup eho sinh
ingn ed the linh tifii dude tii thiit nghg nghiep

mfit each higu qua nhat Xd ty thfing tin l i mdt
trong nhiihg bp mon quan trpng trong chudng binh
dao tao NLTV, bdi nd gdp phan ktiong nhfi vao
cfing tae dao tgo nen nhuhg NLTV ehuygn nghigp,
linh nghe trong mpt xa hpi biing no ttiong tin nhd
hien nay. Oiinh vi ly do dd, eae ddn vj d i o tgo
nganh Thy vien - Thfing bn rat ehu trong dgn vige
giing day v i hpe tap mon nay. Tuy nhien, viec
giing day v i hoe tap bp mon x y ly thong tin hien
tai van con g i p nhieu khd ktiin cio mfit sfi nguygn
nhan khach quan n h y chuong trinh, nfii dung dao
tao con nhieu han che; dieu kien ed sd v i t chat,
t i i lieu hoc tip, ttiam ktiao chua d i p dng nhu a u
giing day, hpc t^p v i nhiihg nguygn nhin chii
quan xuat phat t d ngudi day, ngddi hpc.

Tap chi THl/ V I | N V I | T NAM 1(63)

27

1. ThM'c tr^ng giang day mon XuT ly thdng
Ve tin gpi mdn hpc vidtuOhg trinh

^ot^

Cd tiie ndi mfin x y ly thfing tin la mfit bp mfin
tong hdp aia cic mfin ehuygn nganh nhd: mo t i
thy mue (hay mfi ta t i i lieu), phan loai tai lieu.

djnh by khoi, chu de tai ligu, phudng phip lim
tdm t i t , chu giii, tfing quan, t6ng lugn va nay c6
thgm kho mau MARC 21 d w do" ligu thy mye. Tuy
theo tiiYig ddn vj dio tao ma ten cac mon hpc
thupc bp mfin niy dude d i t thanh nhiihg tgn hpc
phan khic nhau (tuy vay, nhiihg tgn gpi niy l i
kha gifing nhau).

Mdt vai vidu ve chudng binh dao tao dp mdn Xdly thdng bn
tai mot sd trudng dai hpc d thanh phd Ho Chi Minh
Ddn vjdio t^o

Hgdiot^o

Tgn mfin hoc

Sfftfgt
(tindU)

Oai hpc

Mo ta npi dung tai lieu mitt 1 (bao gfim djnh t d khoi, chu (^
t i i lieu
Mo ta noi dung tit lieu mitt 2 (bao gom tdm t i t , dan giai, chu
thich, tong luan)

45(3)

Dai hoc Vin hoi
ttianh pho
Ho Chi Minh

Phan loai tai lieu

Cao ding

Oai hpc

Dai hoc
Khoa hoc Xa hpi
va Nhan vin
ttiinh pho
Ho Oil Minh

30(2)

Phuang phap ptian logi tai lieu

45(3)

Ly luin bien mue mo t i

30(2)

PhuOng phap bten muc mfi t i

45(3)

Mo ta npi dung t i l ligu (bao gom tdm tit, tong quan, tong lugn]

45(3)

Dinh chit de t i i ligu

30(2)

Mo t i hinh thut (Bign mye mfi ta)

60(4)

Dinh td khoi v i dinh chu de

45(3)

Phan loai tai lieu

60(4)

Bien muc mo t i

60(4)

Bign mye chii de

60(4)

Phan kjgi t i i ligu

30(2)

Khung phin logi DDC

45(3)

MARC 21

45(3)

Dinh tdkhoa

30(2)

PhUOng phap lim tdm t i t , diu thfch, tong lugn

45(3)

Cao hpc

Xd ly thong tin ning cao

30(2)

Dgi hpc

Phan loai tai lieu 1

45(3)

Oai hoc Sai Gon

Cao dSng

28

45(3)

Phan loai tai ligu 2

45(3)

Bten mye mo t i 1

45(3)

Bien muc mo ta 2

45(3)

Bien muc de mye

60(4)

Chi muc va torn tSt tai lieu

45(3)

Phan loat tai tigu 1

45(3)

Bien muc mo t i 1

45(3)

Bien muc de muc

60(4)

Mic dii, mon x y ty thfing tin dudC chia ttianh
cac mfin ntid khic nhau, nhUhg npi dung va muc
bgu cufii eiing la cung cap cho sinh vign, hpc vien
nhiihg kien thiit, phUdng phap va ky ning xd ty
thfing tin/ t i i ligu d ca 2 cap dp hinh thde v i npi
dung, bien doi ttifing tin/ t i l lieu t y dang thyc
ban diu thanh nhuhg dang thyc mdi, de kiem soat,
de lud trff v i tim kiem Igi nguon tin vdi higu q u i
cao.
Thfing qua chUdng trinh d i o tao bfi mfin nay
aia mfit so trydng, cd thg thay ve ed b i n ten gpi
mdn hpe, ttidi Iudng (sfi tigt) cita cic mon hpc t i
khi hdp ly. Tuy nhign, cdn mpt so mfin nhd: phin
logi, dtnh t d khoa, chii de t i i lieu v i phudng phap
lim tdm t i t , ehu thich, d i n giai, tong quan, Inng
lu^n ttidi Idpng (so bet) edn ft chua du dg giing
vign truyen dat d3y dii nhiihg kign thdc mdn hpe,
sinh vien diua du de h i & sau va nim rfi npi dung,
ki&i thdc mfin hpc.
Mpt so ddn vj dao tgo nhd trudng Oai hpe Sii
Gfin trong chudng trinh dio tgo bp mfin nay chua
ed mon Kho mlu MARC 21 cho dd ligu thd mye,
mfit trong nhiihg mfin quan trpng trong mo t i
hinh thdc t i i ligu hign nay.
Bgn cgnh dd, mfit sfi ddn vi dio tao do nhOhg
nguygn nhin ktiidi quan v i ehu quan n h y thieu
giing vign cd hOu, phy thupc vio ljch thinh giing
ciia giang vign hay phy thupc vao cd sd v i t diat,
trang thiet bj giing dgy... da bo tri mfin hpc, Itch
hpe chua hpp ly, bi dfing, thudng xuyen thay dfii
ho$c giin dogn. Oigu niy lim mat di b'nh kigk:
glOa cie mfin tipc, giy khd khin eho cfing tie
giing dgy oia giang vien, cung nhd anh hudng
dgn q u i trinh hpc tip, thyt hinh aia sinh vien,
hpe vien.
I/S phuang phip giing

dpy

Phudng ptiip giing dgy hign nay tgi eic Idp
hpc ehu y&j t i giang vign sd dung bai giang dign
t y va sinh vign, hoc v i ^ quan sit, ling nghe, ghi
chgp, t r i Icfi nhuhg eau hdi hoic ngu lgn nhiihg
vin dg chua ro trong ngi dung tiai giing cua giing
vign. So vdi tnjde diy, npi dung bai giing da dude
giing vien ehii trpng hdn ve ca diSt Iudng v i
hinh thut n h y di siu vio van de, trinh bay ngin
gpn, d l higu, kgm theo do ti cac vi du minh hog

T^pchiTHt/VllNVllr

C3J ttie cho hjhg npi dung, tiihg phan... giup sinh
vien, tipc vien n i m ntianh, higu rfi npi dung hpc.
Trong qua trinh giing day, hau hS: giang vien
deu kS: hdp, linh hoat phin bo giua ly ttiuyet vdi
thut hinh do timg mon, tuhg bac hoe. Sinh vign,
hpe vign trong q u i trinh hoe dude giing vien cho
thut hinh ngay trgn Idp tti^ig qua eae b i i tap
thyc hanh ea nhan hoic nhdm nhung van chua
nhieu. Cac phudng ptiap giang day nhy chia nhdm,
phan to thao luan, di thyt te... budc dau da dudc
ap dung nhyng chua pho bign v i diua b i t bupc.
Thut te, phuung ptiap giing dgy v i to chyc
hpe tap dio smh vign, twe vign hien nay chua cfi
sy thong nhat trong toin bp chUPng trinh hoe,
viec i p dung cac phudng pliap giing dgy tuy
thupc vio ktii ning v i sy txi tri sip xgp aia tiihg
giing vien trgn Idp. Chua cd mfit phudng phap
ehuan cung nhy da dgng cac phucfng phip giing
dgy cd b'nh t}it bupc doi vdi giang vien khi lgn
Idp.
Mpt so giing vien chua ed nhieu doi mdfi trong
phudng phap giang dgy, it quan tam dSu tu nghign
a i d , cap nhit ttifing bn bo sung eho bii giing.
Mpt han ehe dong phypng phap giang day hign
nay l i cich thyc giing day cdn thign ve ly lugn.
Trong q u i trinh giing dgy, giing vign chua d i t ra
yeu a u cao doi vdi sinh vign. Viec tfi chut cho
sinh vign ttiyt hinh ehi l i "thyt hinh chay", nghia
i i sinh vien chua dUde tigp xuc tnit tigp vdi tai
ligu, ttifing bn trong cac bufii thUe hinh vg phan
logi t i i lieu, djnh t d ktioi, ehu de tai tieu, bign mye
mo t i . . . Ben cgnh dd, mfit so bii giing cdn thieu
cac vi dy minh hoa ey ttig, chat ludng chua a o .
Dieu dd lim dio sinh vign, hoc vien rt huTig thit den
mfin hpc va i n h hudng khfing nhd den chat lUdng
giang day.
Ve dpi ngu giang

viin

hiign nay, hau het dpi ngu giang vign day cie
mfin thupc bp mdn Xd ly thfing tin deu l i cie giang
vien cd trinh dfi, hpe him a o , cd t i m huygt vdi
nghg, cd kmh nghiem giang dgy lau nim va khi
ning truyen dat cao gitip sinh vign, hpc vign bep
can, nim dude npi dung mon hpc nhanh, higu ro
nhuhg van de (»t loi. Oiy dude eoi l i mot Idi ttie
etio nginh Thu vien - Thdng bn.

1(63)

29

Tuy nhien, viec ttiieu giang vign dau nganh,
giang vign ed binh dp, ed kinh nghiem giang day
mon Xd ly ttiong tin nhy hien nay dang l i mfit van
de d i t ra. Nhieu giing viei phii dam nhigm nhieu
mfin ciing mot luc, dong khi dgy d nhieu ndi, dong
nhiihg khoing thdi gian lign tyc. Oieu niy i n h
hudng den viec giing day oia giang vign, eung
nhy chat ludng tnwig cie bii giing.
Bgn cgnh do, mflt so giang vign mdi dim nhiem
mfin, chua cd nhieu kinh nghigm, hieu biet siu ve
mfin, eung nhd khi ning tmyen dgt npi dung b i i
giing con han dig lam dio sinh vien, hoc vien khong
hdng thu, dan d&i viec kfifing tap tmng vao b i i
giang, ket q u i la k h ^ IFnh hpi dude npi dung
mfin hpe.
Ngoii la, ktnh phf ehi tra thii lao ddhg \dp cho
giing vien theo die dp quy dinh hien hanh ttiSp,
chua phii hdp v i diua cd tie dyng dpng vien
khuyen khieh giang vign trong nginh tham gia
giing dgy v i khd khin cho vigc lign he mdi ddpe
nhffng giing vign ed chat ludng cao ngoii nginh
tham gia giang day tai eic k)p hpe trong nganh tfi
diiit.
Vi giio trinh, tai iiiu tham khio

Chua ke den nhffhg hgn che eua Nhi nude la
trong viee khuyen khich vign chdt, giang vien viet
giao trinh, tai lieu tham ktiao, ngn sfi ludng giio
trinh, tat tieu ttiam khao, tai ligu nghigp vy cho
nganh Thy vien - Thong tin dude xuat bin rift FL
Oigu nay, i n h h d c ^ rat k)n tdi kha ning t y hpc,
t y nghien cud, tiep nhan kien thyc oia sinh vign,
hpc vien, cung nhy dieu kign tiep egn mfin hpc,
hinh thinh bai giing aia cie giing vign mdi.
2. Tliy'c trang hpc t$p mdn Xu' ly thdng tfai
Khi ning ti^ c$n bii giing aia ngwdl hpc
Hign nay hau h ^ sinh vign, hpc vign ed nhigu
dieu kign thugn ldi de tigp egn tryt tigp, nhanh
chdng bai giing bd mon nay thfing qua cic trang
thiet bj nhy may b'nh va cac thtgt bj trinh diieu.
Cic b i i giing dgu dudc giang vien trinh biy 6
dgng dl^n td, cd vi du minh hog ehi tiet, cy th^
cho tiihg ngi dung. Sinh vign, hpc vign cung cd
thg d l ding tim hieu thgm nhuhg ngi dung ed lien
quan dgn b i i giing thfing qua cie b i i vtgt 6UtJc
ding tren eic cong thfing tin dign bi' oia cic cd
quan ttiU vign - tiifing tin ho§c tgp chf ehuygn nginti.

Oiy la mpt trong nhiitig hgn dig liifii trong cfing
tic dio tgo nganh Thy vign - Thdng tin, khfing chi
bp mfin x y ly thdng tin m i d hau het cac bg mfin
khac. Phan Idn giio trinh, tai ligu tham khio dudc
viet v i dich bdi mpt sfi giing vign, vign chdc tiu
nim aia nginh Thu wgn - Thdng tin. Trong khi dfii
ngu niy hign nay rat ft. Mfit so giao binh so vdi
hign nay da qua cu, chua dude cap n h ^ nhuhg
kien thdc mdi, n&i khfing ndi l i loi thdi.

Tuy nhien, do hgn che ve thdl ludng (sfi tigt)
c i vg ly thuygt v i thUe hinh ngn nhigu sinh vi&i,
hpe vien chua n i m dude het hoic nim khong siu
ngi dung bii giing va phudng phip thyt hinti
thfing qua cae buoi hpc trgn Idp.

Vf du: Cufin Md ta tai liiu thw viin: Giio trinh
dpi hpc thW vien ciia tac g i i Nguyen Thj Tuyet
Nga bien soan, dUde xuat bin n i m 1992 da q u i
cii nhuhg van dupc sy dyng nhieu vi khfing ed
giio binh mdi. Hay cuon Phin topi tai liiu: Giao
trinh dung do sinh vien dpi hpc va cao ding nganh
Thw vien - Thdng tin hpc cua tie gia Vu DUdng
Thuy Ngi, dude xuat ban nim 2004 v i dUde tai
bin nim 2009...

Khi ning dep c$n giio trinh vi tii liiu
tham khio

Mfit han ehg niia l i khi ning tiep c^n giio
trinh, tai ligu tham khio ve mfin hpe nay bSng

30

tigng nude ngoii oia ehiing ta Igi khd ho$c khfing
cfi dieu kien tigp can do hgn die vg ngogI ngff
ho$e nhiihg nguyen nhan ktiach quan khic.

Bgn canh dd, mfit sfi b i i giing oia cic giing
vien b^, chua cd nhieu kinh nghiem cdn nhigu
hgn che ve m i t npi dung, thieu cie vf dy minti
hog cy the, ngn sinh vign, hpe vign tiep egn npi
dung khd khin hoic hieu khfing siu.

Hign nay, vtec tiep c i n giio binh v i t i i 11^
tham khio de hpe tap mfin niy eua smh vtgn, hpc
vign rgt hgn ehg bdi nhuhg ly do sau: giio tiinh,
t i l li^u tham khio ft, cu ngn sinh vign, hpe vl6n
khfing ed t i i lieu de hpc, tiiam khio hoic bfi sung
nhuhg kign ttiut mdi. Bgn cgnh dd, mfit sfi tai l i ^

lign quan den mfin hpc, d&i nghg Thd vien hay

Ching han: doi vdi mon Ptian topi tai liiu, ngay

edn gpi la tai ligu n g h i ^ vy khfing dUde phyc vy

t d dau phii khing dinh vdi sinh vien ring muc

pho bien d cac thy vign cong cpng k5n, ngn sinh

tieu chi'nh y a j la de xep tai lieu tren g i i theo mon

vign ti^ can rat khd khin. Mit khae, ptran Idn

k)ai. Con so phan loai bieu thj npi dung t i i ti|u la

sinh vien, hpc vign nganh TIK/wen-Thong tin hien

de xep g i i . Trong mfin S ^ muc md ta can phin

nay deu han ehg ve ngoai ngff. Do dd, da phan

t»gt giiia y nghia aia deu ehuan va quy t i c nhim

sinh vien khfing the tim va t i ^ can dudc vcfi nhutig

giup sinh vign ntian thut ring ISBD la tigu chuan

tai ligu lign quan d&i cae mon hpc bing tigng nude

mo t i thy tich cjuoc te, tat c i nhffng quy t i c mfi

ngoii. Chinh nhOhg han che nay, sinh vien, hpe

ta chuan hoa deu dua vao ISBD, chang han nhy

vien se khfing tigp can dudc nhuhg quan diem

Quy tie bign muc Anh-My AACR2; D6\ vdi mon

mdi, nhuhg kiwi thut mdi lign quan den mdn hpc,

Chi muc, trkh dan va tdm tdt tai lieu, sinh vien

ve nganh nghe.

hoe mfin hpe niy duue thyt hinh n g h i ^ vy SOI Pho bien thfing tin cd chpn k?e [2],

Y thdt t y hgc, ty thpt hinh

- Hien dpi tni f^ifdng pttap giang dpy

Sinh wgn, hpc vign hien nay eung da y thiit kha
rfi tSm quan trpng eua bp mfin niy, ngn ngoii vigc

Thay doi phypng phip giang day hten hanh

hpe, thyt hanh tren Idp edn ehu dpng tim hieu
mon hpe, dpc cie t i i Itgu tham khao, cic bai viet

"giang vign trinh ehieu, dien giang va sinh vien,
hpe vien d i e p ' bing phudng phip "giing vien chi

dgn Internet ho$e tren cac tgp ehf. Ngoii ra, sinh
•.'gn, hoc vign ciing t y tfi d i i j t hpc nhdm, ttiio
lugn nhdm ttifing qua cac bii thuyet trinh. Bgn

la ngudi hudhg dan va sinh vtgn, hpe vign t y tim
hieu, nghign a i d mon hpc". Trong qua dinh giing
day, giing vien cd the d i t ra nhiihg ciu hdi lien

cgnh do, sinh vign, hpe vign cung edn nhieu ban ehg
tiong «gc ti/ hpc, tx/ ttiyt hinh cua minh, chua

quan den nfii dung mon tipe vcfi nhiihg yeu eau
a o dg sinh vign, hpc vien ed thg t y trao doi, thao

thgt sy chu dpng trong vtec tigp can bii giing ciia
giing vien ngay tren Idp, cOng nhU tim kiem va
bep c$n eic tat ll$u tham khao phyc vy dio vige

luan nhdm vdi nhau, sau dd sinh vign trong nhdm
thay phign nhau binh bay tnidc kJp bSng each bio
eao hay thuyet trinh v i e i tdp tham gia thio lugn.

hpc t^p aia minh. Nhigu sinh vien, hpc vign cfin hpe
hinh thiit, hpe vgt, mye dfch hpe t i p mang ning

Chinh dieu niy, se hinh thinh y thdc ty hpc, t y
nghien a i d , thoi quen hpe tgp sfii nfii v i mang den

b'nh thi cy, t r i nd mfin hpc Do dd, diua vgn dyng
dupc ki&i thdc ly thuyet vao dong thyt tiln nghe
nghigp.

sy hUhg phan etio ngudi hpc.

3. Glal p h i p ngng cao cdng t i c g i i n g d^y

biet la khau xd ty tai ligu de smh viin, hpc vten cd
nhiihg nhin xet, danh g i i qua thyc ti, so sinh
vdi npi dung tipc tgp. Va cung thfing qua nhiihg
chuyen ttiam quan thut te niy, sinh vign, hpc vign
cd cd hpi tim hieu ve nganh nghg eua minh, t y

v i h^c t$p mdn Xiir ly thfing t i n
Vi phia cic Odn vf dio

Cie ddn v| dao tao eung ed ttig ket hdp ehuWig
trinh hpc vdi vige ttiam quan thUe te tgi cac tmng
tam ttifing bn - OiU vign d eae ktiau nghigp vy, die

t^o

- CSn duan hoi dudng trinh dao tpo
Cic ddn vj d i o tgo can thfing nhSt, ehuan hoi
tgn cic mfin hpc thupc bp mfin Xd ly thfing tin;
Xic dinh mye tigu, npi dung giang dgy cy the cho
tiitig hpe phgn, tuhg mon hpe; Oneu chfnh, can doi

phin tieh dudc nhiing uu diem, khuyet diem, tfin
tgi can khic phye. Dan dan sinh vign se hinh thinh
eho minh ky ning ve nghe nghiep.

ttidi ludng (sfi tigt) d timg hpe phin, tiftig mon
hpc dio tidp ly de giing viin cd the ehu dfing
trong vigc kgt hdp giing dgy giiia ly thuyet va
thut hinh dudc higu qui. Eheu nay giup smh vign,
hpe vign ehu dpng hem, cung nhucd kg hogch hpe

- Hoin thiin cdsdvat chat, dau tW trang tiii&
bi phpc vp cdng tic giing day, hpc tpp

tgp, nghien cud tfit hdn.

T^p chi THl/VIEN V I | T NAM

Cd sd v i t chat va ti^ng ttiiet bj giang dgy, hpc
tap l i mfit trong nhOhg yeu to quan trpng quygt
djnh chat ludng giang day v i hpc tgp trong sy
tudng tac giua giang vign va sinh vien, hpc vign.

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