The low achievement trap

The low achievemenT Trap The low achievemenT Trap comparing schooling in boTswana and souTh africa ediTed by: marTin carnoy | linda chisholm | bagele chilisa The ubotswana-hsrc-stanford research Team Martin Carnoy | Linda Chisholm | Bagele Chilisa Nii Addy | Fabian Arends | Hlengani Baloyi Jesse Foster | Margaret Irving | Thenjiwe Major Lillian Mokgosi | Kolentino Mpeta | Paul Nleya Erin Raab | Cheryl Reeves | Ingrid Sapire Alejandra Sorto | Nnunu Tsheko Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za First published 2012 ISBN (soft cover) 978-0-7969-2368-4 ISBN (pdf) 978-0-7969-2369-1 ISBN (e-pub) 978-0-7969--2370-7 © 2012 Stanford University Exclusive print rights Southern and East Africa: HSRC Press © Design and cover, this edition only: HSRC Press Copyedited by Louis Botes Typeset by Robin Taylor Cover design by Georgia Demertzis Printed by [name of printer, city, country] Distributed in Southern and East Africa by Blue Weaver Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477; Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 www.oneworldbooks.com Contents Figures and tables vi Preface x Executive summary xii Acronyms and abbreviations xx Introduction 1 1 Background to the study 6 2 Exploring policy differences and similarities 13 3 Conceptual framework and methodology 35 4 The school profile in the Botswana and North West samples 52 5 The school context: Characteristics of principals and instructional leadership 61 6 Learner knowledge of mathematics 73 7 Teacher knowledge of mathematics 89 8 Teacher proficiency to teach mathematics 105 9 Opportunity to learn and teaching and learning mathematics in Grade 6 classes 114 10 Are more knowledgeable teachers better teachers and do they provide more opportunity to learn? 128 11 Testing the overall model of student achievement 136 12 Conclusions 150 References 159 Contributors 167 Index 169 ... - tailieumienphi.vn