The Green Screen for Safer ChemiCalS: evaluating flame retardants for TV enclosures

TheGreenScreenforSaferChemiCalS: evaluatingflame retardantsforTVenclosures V e r s i o n 1 . 0 VerSion 1.0 TheGreenScreenforSaferChemiCalS: retardantsforTVenclosures Mark Rossi, PhD Lauren Heine, PhD MaR cH 2007 Acknowledgments TheGreenScreenforSaferchemicalsemergedovertimeandwiththeinputofindividuals who have spent their careers working the in the field of chemistry, toxicology, and the promotion of safer alternatives. Many have raised challenging and significant questions about the Green Screen. It is through the feedback of critics as well as supporters that the GreenScreenreachedthispointofdevelopmentandwillcontinuetoevolveintoamethod that is useful in helping to make better, more scientifically robust decisions about chemi-cal selection in a timely fashion. Thank you to Richard Denison, Ken Geiser, Jack Geibig, Kim Hooper, Inez Hua, Denise LaFlamme, Tom Lent, Thomas Osimitz, Heather Stapleton, Joel Tickner, Laurie Valeriano, Kathleen Vokes, and William Waugh for providing critical feedbackonearlierversionsofthisreport.additionallywewanttothankTimGreiner,John Peterson Myers, David Santillo, and Ted Schettler for providing guidance to us on parti-cularly vexing questions. It is important to note that those who reviewed or commented on the report did so as individuals. Their listing here is out of our respect and appreci-ation for their feedback, not to imply that they or their organization endorse the report and its findings. as the authors, we bear full responsibility for the contents of the report. We are also thankful to the organizations that made this report possible through their generous support of the work of clean Production action: The John Merck Fund, The Kendeda Foundation, The Marisla Foundation, The Overbrook Foundation, and Panta Rhea Foundation. clean Production action promotes the use of products that are safer and cleaner across their life cycle for consumers, workers, and communities. Our mission is to advance clean production, which we define as the design of products and manufacturing pro-cesses in harmony with natural ecological cycles, the elimination of toxic waste and inputs, and the use of renewable energy and materials. cOVeR aRT: John Berry DeSIGn & PRODucTIOn: David Gerratt/nonprofitDesign.com Table of contents executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................2 1. consumers and citizens Want Safer chemicals.........................................................................................................4 2. Transparent method needed for identifying Safer chemicals...........................................................................7 3. Guiding Principles for the Green Screen for Safer chemicals...........................................................................10 4. The Green Screen: Setting Benchmarks to Safer chemicals..............................................................................13 4.1. The Green Screen List of Hazards...........................................................................................................................13 4.2. Define Levels of concern—Low, Moderate, and High—for each Hazard................................................17 4.3. Specify Hazard criteria for each Benchmark in the Green Screen..............................................................23 4.4. using the Green Screen..............................................................................................................................................24 5. applying the Green Screen to flame retardants for TV enclosures..............................................................28 5.1. Identify alternatives to DecaBDe in TVs...............................................................................................................28 5.2. Hazard assessment of Phosphorous-based and DecaBDe Flame Retardants.......................................29 5.3. apply the Green Screen Benchmarks to Phosphorous-based and DecaBDe Flame Retardants (and their breakdown products).........................................................................................32 5.3.1. Benchmarking each chemical in Table 5.................................................................................................32 5.3.2. Benchmarking RDP, BPaDP, and DecaBDe..............................................................................................37 6. conclusion.................................................................................................................................................................................39 endnotes.....................................................................................................................................................................................41 appendix 1. Glossary of Hazards (included in the Green Screen).........................................................................46 appendix 2. Globally Harmonized System of classification and Labeling of chemicals: examples of Hazard categories...........................................................................................................................................47 appendix 3. Systems for classifying the carcinogenicity Potential of chemicals...........................................48 appendix 4. Screening Level Toxicology and exposure Summary—Table 2-1 from Flame Retardant Alternatives prepared by Syracuse Research corporation for Washington State (2006).................................49 appendix 5. Hazard Reviews of Bisphenol a, Phenol, Resorcinol, PentaBDe, OctaBDe, and DecaBDe..........................................................................................................................................................50 The Green Screen for Safer chemicalS: evaluating Flame RetaRdants FoR tv enclosuRes ... - tailieumienphi.vn