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- The empirical study on investors risk perception and behaviour of equity investors in Tiruchirappalli district
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- INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT (IJM)
ISSN 0976-6502 (Print) IJM
ISSN 0976-6510 (Online)
Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275
http://www.iaeme.com/ijm/index.asp ©IAEME
Journal Impact Factor (2016): 8.1920 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
THE EMPIRICAL STUDY ON INVESTORS RISK PERCEPTION AND
BEHAVIOUR OF EQUITY INVESTORS IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT
S. Abdul Lathif
Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration,
Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichirappalli – 20
Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha
Associate Professor, Jamal Institute of Management,
Jamal Mohamed College (Autonomous), Trichirappalli – 20
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship among the individual
behavioural of Equity Investors and his Risk Perception. It explores individual investor’s
preferences for Investment choices and provisionally investigates the impacts of risk
tolerances and risk perceptions on their investment decisions. A sample of 200 investors
using a structured questionnaire from investment avenues in Tiruchirappalli district. The
result of analysis have shown that investor’s decisions to make their investment choices are
significantly and negatively related to personal income level.
Key words: Risk Perception, Equity Investors, Investment Management, Decision-Making
Cite this Article: S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. The Empirical Study on
Investors Risk Perception and Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District.
International Journal of Management, 7(2), 2016, pp. 266-275.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJM/index.asp
1. INTRODUCTION
Investment is a real investment and not financial investment. It is a conscious act of an individual or
any entity that involves development of money (cash) in securities or asset issued by an financial
institution with a view to obtain the target returns over a specified period of time (John maynard
Keynes, 1938). Investment decision-making behavior theories on investment activities is examined that
the traditional investment approach was the dominant approach in the market until 1950s. Although,
this approach is lacked a scientific paltry, it is seen that it was the dominant view in the market for a
long time due to the fact that its workability was relatively easy (Civan, 2007). In the historic
investment conception, the investors think that they can decrease the risk just by increasing the number
of investment instruments. They have without considering the relations between the revenue of
investment instrument (Dermirats and Gungor, 2004). In the traditional investment approach, the
investors are recommended to invest in the instruments with a high revenue possibility. However, they
are not informed about how the risk will be measured and the mean values of yields realized in the past
defined as expected return (Reilly and Ve Brown, 1999). The study execute by Markowitz in 1952
named “investment selection” establish the development of new theories in the field (Cihangir et al.,
2008). There are similar studies done in the field of investment (Kardiyen 2008). With the help of the
266
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
theory developed by Markowitz, it was suggested that the risk cannot be reduced by increasing the
number of financial instruments and the decision for investment should be made by taking in to
consideration the direction and degree of relation among the investment instruments (Demirtas and
Gungor, 2004). According to the modern investment theory of Markowitz, the overall risk of
investment could be lower than the each financial asset and some cases that the non-systematic risk of
investment could be reduced to zero. After all, it was pointed out that investors could prefer some
investments for being less risky although they produce the same amount of revenue and again they
could prefer others for higher revenues even though they have the same level of risk (Markowitz,
1952). In Markowitz view, the risk can be reduced considerably with reverse correlations among the
investment instruments as well as by diversifying the instruments available in the investors (Cetin,
2007). According to this theory, Markowitz preferred the investments with lower risks instead of the
once with higher revenues. While forming a investment and diversification (Civan, 2007), as a result
of the studies accomplish in the following periods meanwhile which analytical models failed to explain
individual investors behavior. There are two studies of Kahneman and Tversky, who were interested in
the area of finance. Their first study, which was on short-cut motive errors (Kahneman and Tversky,
1974) was published in 1974, although the second study, which was on frame dependency, was
published in 1979 (Bayar, 2011) and these two people formed the basis for behavioural finance (Bayar,
2011). Kahneman and Tversky (1979) mentioned that irrational investors in their studies. In this
sense, the expectation theory suggested that whip up big interest. In this theory Kahneman and
Tversky stated that investors concentrated on loss and gains at different levels and also, Kahneman and
Tversky argued that instead of expected risk, perceived risk must be taken in to account with his study
entitled “Integration of outcomes of psychological research into economic sciences and decision
making against indecision” that he wrote with Tversky, Kahneman received the nobel prize for
economics in 2002. For Kahneman, this prize was an index that behavioural finance was widely and
scientifically accepted.
To summarize, this is absents of understanding of individual behaviour of Equity Investors and
Risk perception. Also, the relationship between individual behaviour of equity investors and risk
perception is less explored in previous studies. So, the objective of the study was to examine the
perception of equity investors in Tiruchirappalli District.
2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE
In this paper, a comprehensive literature review about individual behaviour of equity investors and his
risk perception has been carried out. Many authors describe behaviour finance perspective. Such as,
Deaux and Emswiller (1974), Lenney (1977), Maital et al. (1986), Thaler and Johnson (1990) and
Beyer and Bowden (1997). Those authors are to explain that individual investor would demonstrate
different risk attitude when facing investment alternatives. Comparing with previously research, current
study is to focus on external factors and psychological factors how to affect investor’s investment
decision and investment choices. For instance, Annaert et al. (2005), Wang et al. (2006) indicate the
impact of information asymmetric problem on investor behaviour. This is another subject in behavioral
finance field. Most of these researches are pay close attention to behavioral finance, especially in
financial products choices (investment) and behaviour of individual investor investment related. There
are some empirical evidence shows the impact of risk tolerance and risk perception of investment
choices. These are Carducci and Wong (1998), Grable and Joo (1997), Grable and Lytton (1999),
Grable (2000), Hallahan et al., (2003), Hallahan et al., (2004), Frijns et al., (2008), and Veld and Veld-
Merkoulova (2008). In terms of different risk perception or risk tolerance level, individual investor
may show different reaction base upon their psychology factor and economic situation, which would
lead to heterogeneous investment choice for individual investors.
3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
To examine the risk perception of equity investors in Tiruchirappalli city.
To study the importance of investment management of equity investors.
To know about the Investors knowledge and experience of investing in equities.
267
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
4.1. Research Design
A Research design is purely and simply the framework of plan for a study that guides the collection
and analysis of data. The study is intended to find the investors’ investment behaviour in various
investment avenues at Tiruchirappalli district. The study design is Descriptive in nature.
4.2. Descriptive Research
Is a fact finding investigation with adequate interpretation. It is the simplest type of research and is
more specific. Mainly designed to gather descriptive information and provides information for
formulating more sophisticated studies.
4.3. Survey Instrument
The questionnaire was two pages in length classified into two parts. Part I consists of questions seeking
information about demographics such as (Name, Gender, Age, Marital Status, Qualification,
Employment, Annual Income, Financial instrument, Ability of investment appetite) . The Part II
includes questions that aim at obtaining details about Financial Future, Financial Risk, Investment
Preferences, Risk Tolerance and Investment activities
4.4. Source of Data
The sources of primary and secondary data were used for the collection of Information for the study.
Primary data was collected through questionnaire and secondary data from Articles have been sourced
from Various Magazines and journals dealing with the concepts of investment management and risk
perception.
4.5. Sample Size
A sample size refers to the numbers of items selected from the universe to constitute a sample. Sample
size for the study is 200 Investors are properly responded in Investment Avenues in Tiruchirappalli
district.
4.6. Sampling Method
Simple random sampling was adopted. It is an approach in which each unit of population an equal
chance of being selected.
4.7. Data Analysis
Table 1Type of Investment Preferred and Time taken for Evaluation of Performance of investment by
the respondents
Sl. Type of No. of Period of No. of
% %
NO. Investment Respondents Time Respondents
1 Bonds 51 25.50 Monthly 71 35.50
2 Equities 91 45.50 Quarterly 42 21.00
3 Bank Deposits 58 29.00 Annually 50 25.00
4 T-Bills 0 0.00 Over 5 Years 37 18.50
200 200 100.00
From the above table, it shows that 45.5% of the respondent’s preferred Equity type of
investments, 29% of the respondents preferred Bank Deposits and 25.5% of the respondents preferred
bonds type of investment. No one prefers T Bills. , it is clear that 35.5% of the respondents judge the
268
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
performance of investment in a month, 25% of the respondents judge the performance of investment,
21% of the respondents judge the performance of investment quarterly and 18.5% of the respondents
take over 5 years to judge the performance of the investment.
Table 2 Performance about their Financial Future and age from which the Respondents are investing
Sl. Financial No. of Age of No. of
% %
No. Future Respondents Investing Respondents
Very Age 80 and
1 45 22.50 35 17.50
Optimistic Over
2 Positive 68 34.00 Age 70 to 79 46 23.00
3 Unsure 58 29.00 Age 60 to 59 52 26.00
4 Pessimistic 29 14.50 Age 50 to 59 59 29.50
Total 200 100.00 Age under 40 8 4.00
Total 200 100.00
From the above table, it shows that 34% of the respondents are positive about their financial
future, 29% of the respondents are unsure, 22.5% of the respondents are very optimistic about their
financial future and 14.5% of the respondents are Pessimistic. It is found that 29.5% of the respondents
have invested in age between 50 to 59 years, 26% of the respondents have invested in the age between
60 to 69 years, 23% of the respondents have invested in the age between 70 to 79 years, and 17.5% of
the respondents have invested in the age 80 and above. It is revealing that people under 40 years only
4% have been investing.
Table 3 Understanding comfort level in stock Investing and Investor Perception
Understanding and No. of Best No. of
Sl. Comfort Level Respondents Statement Respondents
% %
No.
No Experience in Stock Some Current
1
Market 59 29.50 Income 54 27.00
No Experience, but High Current
2
some Level of Comfort 40 20.00 Income 15 7.50
Some Experience & High Total
3
Interest 33 16.50 Return 82 41.00
Substantial
4 Reasonable Experience 45 22.50 49 24.50
Return
Extensive Background
5
and Good Comfort 23 11.50 Total 200 100
Total 200 100
From the above table, shows that 29.5% of the respondents have no experience in stock market,
22.5% of the respondents have reasonable experience, 20% of the respondents have no experience but
some level of comfort, 16.5% of the respondents have some experience and interest and 11.5% of the
respondents are have extensive background and good comfort. It is found that 41% of the respondents
perceive high total return as the best statement, 27% of the respondents perceive some current income
and are very safe, 24.5% of the respondents are perceive substantial return.
269
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
Table 4 Attitude about Financial Risk
Sl. No. Attitude about Financial Risk No. of Respondents %
1 Diversified Investment 51 25.50
2 I Only invested with extra money I can afford to loss 36 18.00
3 Associated with playing in the stock 82 41.00
The higher the investment yield or rate of return the greater
4 31 15.50
the risk
Total 200 100
From the above table. It is clear that 41% of the respondents are associated with playing in the
stock market, 25.5% of the respondents have diversified investment. 18% of the respondents afford to
loss, and 15.5% of the respondents have an attitude that the higher the investment yield or rate of
returns the greater the risk.
Table 5 Investment Activities by the Respondents
Sl.
Any Investment Activities No. of Respondents %
No.
1 Yes 99 49.50
2 No 101 50.50
Total 200 100.0
From the above table, shows that 50.5% of the respondents do not have any investment activities and
49.5% of the respondents are having investment activities.
Table 6 Risk Tolerance since the time of investment and response to market decline
Risk No. of Liquidation No. of
Sl. No. % %
Tolerance Respondents Process Respondents
More
1 0 0.00 Immediately 56 28.00
Willingness
Less
2 69 34.50 At 90000 18 9.00
Willingness
Risk Factors
Would wait for
3 has no 72 36.00 81 40.50
market turnaround
influence
4 4 No Idea 59 At 75000 45 22.50
Total 200 100.00 Total 200 100.00
From the above table, it shows that for 36% of the respondents risk factor has no influence since
the time of first investment, 34.5% of the respondents have less willingness to take on risk, 29.5% of
the respondents have no idea about risk . It is inferred that 40.5% of the respondents would wait for
market turnaround, 28% of the respondents would immediately liquidate and move to a more stable
investment, 22.5% of the respondents will move at 75000 for stable investment and 9% of the
respondents will move at 90000 for stable investment.
270
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
Table 7 Time Horizon for Withdrawals and Growth Expected of Investment in 5 years
Sl. Time Horizon for No. of Growth No. of
% %
No. with drawals Respondents Expected Respondents
1 Currently 65 32.5 0 to 15% 52 26.00
2 Less than 3 years 36 18.00 15% to 30% 45 22.50
Between 6 to 15
3 70 35.00 30% to 50% 57 28.50
years
4 After 15 years 29 14.50 Above 50% 46 23.00
Total 200 100 Total 200 100
From the above table, it is found that 35% of the respondents will make withdrawals between 6 to
15 years, 32.5% of the respondents currently need to make withdrawals, 18% of the respondents will
withdraw in less than 3 years and 14.5% of the respondents will withdraw after 15 years. It is clear that
28.5% of the respondents expect their investment to grow from 30% to 50%, 26% of the respondents
expect their investment to grow from 0 to 15%, 23% of the respondents expect a growth above 50%
and 22.5% of the respondents expect a growth from15% to 30%.
Table 8 Sharing Information about Risk with Consultant, Learns from Risk and Measure to Control
Risk
Lear
Sl. Feel No. of No. of Measure to No. of
n
No Fre Responden Responden Control Responden
% from % %
. e ts ts Risk ts
Risk
63.5 35.5 44.5
1 Yes 127 Yes 71 Avoidance 89
0 0 0
36.5 64.5 Modificatio 55.5
2 No 73 No 129 111
0 0 n 0
Total 200 100 Total 200 100 Total 200 100
From the above table, it is found that 63.5% of the respondents feel free to share information on
risk with consultant and 36.5% the respondents do not feel free to share information with the
consultant. It is found that 64.5% of the respondents do not learn from their risk, and 35.5% of the
respondents learn from their risk. The table shows that 55.5% of respondents control the risk by
modification and 44.5% of the respondents avoid risk.
Table 9 Chi-Square Analysis for Income Level and Age of Investing
Age of From 25 to 35 From 35 to 45 From 45 to 55 Above 55 Grand Total
Investing
Income Level
Rs. 5000 8 14 14 8 44
Rs.5000 to Rs.
13 14 9 3 39
6000
Rs.6000 to Rs.
11 13 13 8 45
7000
Rs.7000 to Rs.
7 16 9 5 37
8000
Above Rs. 8000 6 11 13 5 35
Grand Total 45 68 58 29 200
Null Hypothesis (H0): No Significant relationship between Income and Age of investing. Alternate
271
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
Hypothesis (H1): There is a Close Significant relationship Income and Age of investing.
Calculated Chi-Square Table Degree of
Factor Re-Marks
Value Value Freedom
Income Not
8.267 21.026 12
Level Significant
It is noted from the above table that the calculated Chi-square value is less than the table value. So,
there is Close relationship between Age group and Age of investing.
Table 10 Chi-Square Analysis for Income Level and Performance of Investment
Monthly Quarterly Annually Over 5 Years Grand Total
Performance of Investment
Income Level
Rs. 5000 15 9 15 5 44
Rs.5000 to Rs. 6000 16 9 6 8 39
Rs.6000 to Rs. 7000 15 10 9 11 45
Rs.7000 to Rs. 8000 14 7 9 7 37
Above Rs. 8000 11 7 11 6 35
Grand Total 71 42 50 37 200
Null Hypothesis (H0): No Significant relationship between income level and performance of
investments.
Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is Close Significant relationship between income level and
performance of investments.
Calculated Chi-Square Table Degree of
Factor Remarks
Value Value Freedom
Income Not
6.978 21.026 12
Level Significant
Table 11 Chi-Square Analysis for Income Level and Financial Future
Very Grand
Financial Future Positive Unsure Pessimistic
Optimistic Total
Income Level
Rs. 5000 8 14 14 8 44
Rs.5000 to Rs. 6000 13 14 9 3 39
Rs.6000 to Rs. 7000 11 13 13 8 45
Rs.7000 to Rs. 8000 7 16 9 5 37
Above Rs. 8000 6 11 13 5 35
Grand Total 45 68 58 29 200
Null Hypothesis (H0): No Significant relationship between income level and financial future.
Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is Close Significant relationship between income level and
financial future.
272
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
Calculated Chi-Square Table Degree of
Factor Remarks
Value Value Freedom
Income Not
8.267 21.026 12
Level Significant
Table 12 Chi-Square Analysis for Income Level and Financial Risk
Reduces Rate of Grand
Financial Risk Invest with Associated with Returns Total
Risk Extra Money Playing in the stock
Income Level
Rs. 5000 14 7 19 4 44
Rs.5000 to Rs.
15 5 15 4 39
6000
Rs.6000 to Rs.
9 11 16 9 45
7000
Rs.7000 to Rs.
7 7 17 6 37
8000
Above Rs.
6 6 15 8 35
8000
Grand Total 51 36 82 31 200
Null Hypothesis (H0): No Significant relationship between income level and financial risk.
Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is Close Significant relationship between income level and
financial risk.
Calculated Chi-Square Table Degree of
Factor Remarks
Value Value Freedom
Income Not
11.505 21.026 12
Level Significant
It is noted from the above table that the calculated Chi-square value is less than the table value. So,
there is Close relationship between Income level and Financial Risk.
Table 13 Chi-Square Analysis for Income Level and Risk Tolerance
Less Willingness Risk Tolerance No Idea Grand Total
Risk Tolerance
Income Level
Rs. 5000 12 23 9 44
Rs.5000 to Rs. 6000 19 7 13 39
Rs.6000 to Rs. 7000 16 16 13 45
Rs.7000 to Rs. 8000 13 14 10 37
Above Rs. 8000 9 12 14 35
Grand Total 69 72 59 200
Null Hypothesis (H0): No Significant relationship between income level and risk tolerance.
Alternate Hypothesis (H1): There is Close Significant relationship between income level and risk
tolerance.
273
S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
Calculated Chi-Square Table Degree of
Factor Remarks
Value Value Freedom
Income Not
13.391 15.507 8
Level Significant
5. FINDINGS
55% of the respondents are not experienced in the stock market.
48.5% of the respondents belong to the age between 30 years to 60 years old.
45.5% of the respondents are purchased Equities type of investments.
34% of the respondents are optimistic of their financial future.
41% of the respondents describe high total return as best statement.
41% of the respondents are associated with playing in the stock market.
28.5% of the respondents are expecting their growth 30% to 50%. =
55.5% of respondents control the risk by modification.
From the Chi-Square Analysis, It is clear that there is a close relationship between Age group
and Age of investing and Performance of investments.
From the Chi-Square Analysis, It is confirmed that there is Close relationship between Income
level and Financial Future and risk.
6. SUGGESTIONS
Most of the respondents are not aware of Investment Management. So, proper guidance can be
given to them. This is to create awareness.
A regular investor friendly seminar can be organized to suit the timings of the investing
public. For instance, such seminars can be interactive sessions, arranged at frequent intervals.
The newsletters published help investors. Hence newsletters / bulletins can be published for
guidance.
Efforts should be taken to popularize Equity through appropriate publicity measures.
7. CONCLUSION
The study is made to find out “Investors Risk perception and Behaviour of Equity investors”. The study
reveals that the investors in Tiruchirappalli city are not aware of Investment which would minimize
risk and maximize the return. And also it is clear that the investors in Tiruchirappalli city have low
level of understanding about risk and the importance of Investment management as they are not aware
these factors. Hence proper should to be taken in order to improve the awareness level in the minds of
the investors.
8. BIBLIOGRAPHY
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S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
- International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 -
6510(Online), Volume 7, Issue 2, February (2016), pp. 266-275 © IAEME Publication
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S. Abdul Lathif. and Dr. U. Syed Aktharsha. “The Empirical Study on Investors Risk Perception and
Behaviour of Equity Investors in Tiruchirappalli District” - (ICAM 2016)
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