Tăng cường ứng dụng Công nghệ thông tin, nâng cao hiệu quả hoạt động của hệ thống Thư viện công cộng

N G H I E N CUU - TRAO O O I TANG CUONG ITNG DUNG CONG NGHE THONG TIN, NANG CAO HIEU QUA HOAT DONG CUA HE THONG THl/VIEN CONG CONG Kr§u Thuf Nga GAm aSc ThU v i ^ Qu6c gta Viet Nam Hi$n nay, vf$c ung d{ing cdng nghe tMng tin vao ho^t ddng aia h$ thSng thw vi?n cdng c ^ dS phit huy N^ qui, ^ t^ng tkticvtd^mqi ho^t dqng trong tdtig tfit/ W$n, trd thdnh cdng t^ mui nhgn, tJdng thdtli hfi diy cho ho9t ddng, gdp phSn quan tipng vio tt}inh tyUvimf phat tridn oiah$ thdng tfit/ vi^ cdng cpng nudc ta. Bit vl» niu Un sif cSn thi& phii tSng cudng dng d^ng cdng nghS thdng tin vio ho^t 0^ h4 thSng thW w&t cdng qSog; TTtyt ^ng dttg dimg cdng ngh$ thdng bn cua h$ thdng thU w^n cdng c^. 7f*t cff sd dd, tic gii dua ra c^ giii phip &ng cudng hl$u qui Ohg dpng cdng ngh$ thdng tin vio ho^t adng h0 ^}&ig thu vl^ cdng cdng trong thdl gian tdi. Tir khoi: Cong ngh^ thfing tin, itng dyng, thi/ v l ^ c6ng cOng. Abstract: Curr&itty, the af^kation of hrformabon technology to activities of the puW/C library system has proved Its efficiency md had positive impact on all activities of each Individual library; has become a key task and a drivingfercefor the iitxary activities, contributing to t/?e achievement and devetopment c^ the public library system ki our country. The arOde highlights ttte necessitytostrengthen tfte applkation of Informadon technology to tiie public library system's activities; Situation of tfie information technology apf^ication to the activities of this library system. Thereby, the author proposes solutions to entrance the efficiency of Information technology applkstktn to ttte publk library system. Key Information technology, application, public libraries. 1. O f t vSn tfi Qud trinh hdn 30 nSm uhg dyng cdng ngh^ thdng tin (CNTT) vao hoat dOog ciia h^ thfing thu" v t ^ c6ng cpng OVCC), OfTTda phat huy h i ^ qua, tAc d^ng tich cyt d&i moi hogt d^ng trong tiihg thl/ vi§n, trd thinh c6ng tic mui nhpn, dfing thdi la i i ^ d^y cho hoat dfing, gfip phan het siic quan trpng vte thinh tyXJ v i si/ phit tnen aia he thfing TVCC nift5c ta. Titxig giai do^n d ^ theo, d^ tiep tyc Qng cudng cfing t k ling dyng CNTT vio hoat dfing, h? thong TVCC <3n xac djnh dmpc phutjng hulSng, xSy dyhg dui^ nhuhg giii phap cfi tfnh l(ha thi nhSm t ^ dutjic txjidc ngo^t mang tinh d$t pha de TVCC phit trien len tam cao mdi, xuhg ding vdi vj tri v i vai trd xa h$i, trong dieu ki^n E>ing v i Nhi nUdc xic djnh CNTT l i cfing cy huU hi§u dg thyc hl§n 3 dOt phi chien imjc trang phit trien dat n u ^ , l i chia Ithoi md ra cinh ciJa de d i n tpc ta bi/dc vio giai doan m(!fi, die biSt can v$n dyng t r i ^ 6§ nhOhg djnh hmdng, tu* tu'dng, giii phip Idn trong Nghj quygt 36/NQ-TW tan hinh ngiy 01/7/2014 aia BO Chfnh trj, Nghj quyet niy l i v i n bin mang tSm chien l u ^ , dS ra nhihig djnh hudr>g Idn cho sy phit tri&i nginh CNTT, duipc coi la "cd hpi ving" 6i CNTT nutfc ta phit tri^n trong khoing 10-20 nim tdi. 2. S^ c3n thiet phii tiing ci/dng OTng dyng c6ng ngh^ thdng tin v i o hoft dpng hf thdng thu' vl^n cdng c^ng Theo quan diSm chi dgo aia Ding v i Nhi nudc v i xu hmdng ho^t ddng aia nganh Thu" vien thg gidl, viec tdng cudng ijfhg dyng CNTT vao hoat dfing h | thong TVCC l i ran thiet, nhSm nang cao nSng l y t quin ly va hieu qua ho^t d$ng thu' vien trong dieu ti^ mdi, phyc vu sy nghiep cdng nghiep hoi, hien d^i hoa dat n u ^ phii hdp vdi yeu rau phat trien aia nganh thiT vi$n trong ni/dc v i d ^ thdi chii dfing hfii nhap vdi nganh Thu vien trong Ichu v y t v i the gidi. 2.1. Quan aim rnfdc chi d ^ a i a Dang vi Nhi Tnrtfc sy phat trien ngiy cang manh me aia CNTT v i h i ^ q u i cao aia vi?c lihg dung nfi trong cic IFnh v y t ddi sfing xa hpi ding vdi nhihig doi hdi, nhiihg yeu cau m ^ , E)ing, Nhi nuidc ta da ban hinh m ^ lo^t cac v3n b i n chi dao mang tinh dinh hudng quan trpng. Nghi quyS sfi 36/NQ-TW ban hinh ngay 01/7/ 2014 cua Bfi Chinh tri wl 'oSy m^nh dhg dpng, phdt trien cong ngh$ thong tin dip dng ydu cSu phit trial b@n viTh^ vi h0i nh$p quoc ti', day la v3n bin h€t Slit quan trpng, mang t i m chi&i l u t ^ de ra nhOhg djnh hudng Idn cho sy phit tnen nginh CNTT nudc ta trong thdi Ity mdi, mpt trong nhthig quan digm chi d^o ( ^ n trpng la t / n g dung, phit tn&i cdng nghd thdng tinli mdt y&J^ quan trpng tmng tiio dim thpt hien thinh cdng ta ddt phi chien lupe, c^n dut^ chu trpng, uu tidn trong dcchi&tlupc. quyhoi^fl^ho^phittri^ldnh td - xa tidi", nhOng npi dung lien quan den ho^t dpng cua nginh Thu v r ^ cung d u i ^ xac dinh trong muc deu cy thg den nim 2020, bao gom: "Ung dpng cdng ngh^ thdng tin &ong hien dai hoi hi thdng Icdt du h^ tang kinh td - xa hpi, trutjt hdt la cac linh vut Hen quan tdi nhan din nhWgiiodpc, y te, giao thong, didn, thuy kfi, fi^ tSng do thj Idn va cung cap dich vu cSng cpng trpt tuy&i cho r^tSn dSn' va "... ddi mdi phutjng thdc d^y vi hpc, thuc dSy xa hdi hpc 0p, dip lihg yiu (Su phit trien dat nudc". CM thg hoa i^nh hudng v i n$i dung cho v i ^ day m ^ h ufng dyng v i phit trien CNTT, ngiy lS/4/2015, Chinh phu ban hanh Nghi quyet so 26/NC^CP v@ ChUdng trinh hinh dfing thyt hien Tap chl THir V I | N V I | T NAM Nghi quyet 36/NQ-TW ngay 01/7/2015 aia Bp Chtnh bi, theo dd cung xac djnh ro mye tieu dg cong n ^ thfing tin thut sy trd thanh '^phtAJng thut phat trien m&, nang cao r^ng ai&: lao dpng, hieu qui lao dpng...'. Song song vdi viec thyt hi|n cic v i n b i n chi d ^ tren, cac thy v i ^ can d ^ tyc t r i ^ VYa\, h i ^ thyt hoa npi dung cac v i n b i n chi dao l(hic da dude ban hinh cac n i m trudc day nhU: Phip lenh Thu" vien so 31/2000/PL-UBTVQHlO ban hinh ngiy 28/12/2000 aia Uy ban Thudng vu Qufic hfii vdi npi dung "Nghien cdu, dng dpng thanh tyt/ khoa f)Qc va cdng nghi tOn tieh vao cong tic thw vien, tCihg tn/dc hiin d^i hoi thif vien" [E>ieu 13, Mye 6]; va "Dilu tW dd dam tiio cho cac thif vidn hU&ng ngan sach nhi nu&c ho^t dpng, phittri&i va tung tx/tk hiin d^i hoi cd sd vat chit ky thuat, diin t&hoi, b/ddng hoi thW wpn'[Dieu 21, Khoin 1). Nghi dinh sd 72/2002/NEXP Quy djnh chi dgt thl hanh Phip l ^ h ThU v i ^ , ban hanh ngiy 6/8/2002 aia Chinh phu vdfi viec "Bio dim kinh phi d)0 cic thu" vidn phat tridn vdn tii Iliu, xiy dtfngaisdv$t chat kythudt theo hadng hiin d^i, tifhg tsfdc thpt Min diin td hoi, b/ dpng hoi, xiy di/ng thif vien d'lin td vi phit tridn thW w ^ sd dpng kythuitsd" [OKU 14, Khoan i ] . lai|t Cong ngh| thfing dn sfi 67/2006/QHll ban hinh ngay 29/06/2006, trong dd quy dinh "Xiy dpng, thu dtip va duy tncdsddd lieu phuc vp cho hoat dong cua of quan va phuc vp lpi ich cong cdng" [Oi5u 26, Khoin 2]; "Thpt hiin viec cung cap djch vu cor^g tren moi tnfdng m^ng" [Oieu 26, Khoan 6]; v i 'Phit tri&i ngudn thong tin so"[E>i§u 63, Khoin 1, diem b]. Quy hoach phat trign nginh ThU vi$n Vi?t Nam den nSm 2010 v i djnh hudng den nim 2020 theo Quygt djnh sfi 10/2007/QD-BVHTT ban hinh ngay 4/5/2007 aia B^ Vin hoi, Thg thao v i Du ljch (hudc d i y la Bp Vin hoi - Thfing dn), vdi cic nfii dung; "t/ngrfungkhoa hpc cdng nghi cao nhSm t y ddng hoi, hiin dai hoi tmng dc khiu ho^t dpng cua thw wpn. Phit then thif vien diin td vi thuviinicy thu$t sd' [Oieu 1, lOwin 2, digm b]; 1(63) "Sd hoa 100% tai lieu quy hiem trong thw viin" [Oieu 1, Khoan 2, dian cj; 'Phat th&i thif vien diin td, hien dai hoa tfiu" wen vdi cac may mdc, thi& tli vi phupng tiin hien dai; chuan hoa nghiep vu vi ip dung rpng rai dc chuan qudc gia vi qudc te, nhim dat tnnh dp cdng ngtii r^y dng cao vi chat kJtJng hoat dpng tdi, phu hop vdi dc chuan hihi quan cua qudc te''[Dieu 1, Khoin 4, diem d]. Quya ffinh so 56/2007/Q&-TTg vie Phe duyet Chuting trinh phat tnen cong nghiep npi dung so W?t Nam d&i nim 2010, ban hanh ngiy 3/5/2007 aia Thii tudng Chinh phii, trong do ngu ro "... hinh ttiinh he thdng thw viin sd trut tuyen; xay dung dupc mpt so ca sd dd lieu diuyen nganh..." [Tridi Mye 2, (Tigm b]; V u tien kinh phi dedc ca quan ntti nudc, ddn vi sw nghiip so hoa kho ndi dung thdng tin cua minh vi cung dp Un mang. Dau tWxay dphg mpt sd thW vien dOn hi; kho dd lipu sd chuyen nganh theo dc linh vyt: quan ty aiadcBo, nginh'[Muc 3, diem c]; "Afo hinh td chut vi phutJng thut ho^t ddng aia thW vien nudc talakdt hpp gidi thw viin truyen th^ vi thw vien diin td/ thW vien sd, tmng do, vipc stf dpng mpng may ti'nh de Iwu gid, khai thic thdng tin va xiy dpt)g thw viin sdii xu hutJnp quan tpng nhit tmng viec phit tnen ttf ding hoa dc thw viin" va "oS mdi phutihg thiit hopt ddng phpc vpbpndgcd dc thw viin theo hudng dng dpng cdng nghi thdng tin nhim ttf ddng hoi, hiin dpi hoi trong cic khiu hopt dpng cua thw viin, tpo stfliin thong giSa dc thWvlin trong moi trutffig mpng nhim khal thic vdn tai lOu phong phu, da dpng ddc thw viin..." \Jnch Muc 3, digm d]. Nghi djnh sfi 64/2007/ND

g nhanh chdng cua cie t i i nguygn giio due b u t tuyin se l i m cd hfii hpc tap phong phli hdn, re hdn va de dep can hdn. Sy phong phli dia tai nguyen hpc tap true tuyen, cung vdi sy gia t i n g ciia truy cap md i n h hudng d&i b i n chat va cac djch vu cung cap bdt thu vien. - Xu hurj^ ve Bio vi dd I'lai vi stf rOng ttf: Khing dmh eae ranh gidi ve sy rigng tU v i bao ve dy ligu se dUdc xic dinh lai bdi hien nay cic cong eu thu thip thfing dn c i nhan la rat de ding, co thg gay hai doi vdi sy rigng t y c i nhan va mem dn vao ttig gidi tryt tuym. Cae thU vien nen can nhic nhiihg tac ddng aia mudn dign ty (e-lending) cung nhy c&ig nghe di dong va cong nghe deo tay (vvearat>le technology). - Xu hudng ve Xa hdi sieu ket na: Cic xa hfii sigu kS nfii (Hyper-Connected Societies) sg iSng nghe v i trao quyen cho deng nfii mdi (New VbkKs) va cic nhfim. Sy hoi tu aia cong nghg di dfing, truy cap trut tuyen va tnjyen thfing toin cau da trao quy&n phong t r i o Internet mdi. - Xu hudng ve Cdng nghi mcS: Theo dd thfing dn kinh te toin rau sg dUdc bi&i doi bSng c£ng nghg mdi, vdi sy gia ting aia cic thiet bi di dfing stgu ket noi, mang cim bign trong cic itng dyng va cd sd ha ting, in an 3D v i eae efirtg nghg dich ngfin ngd dang b i ^ doi kmh tg thfing tin toin c3u. Ty dpng dich ngon ngy chi la mot cfing nghe cfi t i c dong siu sic d a i tiep c^n thfing tin, giao dgp xuyen t>ign gkfFi v i sy g i n kgt vin hoi. Vdi nhiihg tien bp trong miy dich v i ti'nh sin sing aia duy cip Internet, cd kha ning djch bat ky cuon sach bing ngon ngii' nio cung cd the sSn sing cho ngudi sy dyng, tiSt kg vj tri aia hp, vay nhiihg tic d$ng nay se cd d cac thy v»gn? Ty npi thing cae xu hudng nay hang loat chii dg nhd tiep tyc dude cfing d ^ thu vien ttie gidi phin tich, ttiao luin chuyen sau trang vong 03 nim qua vdi 60 cu$e thio luin tai 30 qufic gia trgn toin die QKA. Dg cd thg xic dmh diltfc budc di diing trong v i ^ ilYig dyng CNTT trong hoat dpng thU vien vdi tSm nhin chioi h i ^ , din tiep can v i hoi nhip vdi nginh thu vien the gk!n, nginh thy vien Viet Nam, T^pchiTHirvllNVlfTNAM viee diam khao cac xu hudng nay l i a n diiet. Z3. Stf thay Odi each th&c trien khai cic dich vu cung cSp thdng tin theo hifdng tuy&i, lien trtfc k& Trong giai doan tdi, vdi sU phat tri&i nhanh chdng ciia CNTT v i truygn thong cung vdi xu hudng hoat dfing chung cua nginh thU vign trang nude va quoc te, each thut ket noi va tnjy cip sy dyng thfing dn CO sy thay doi cSn ban mang tinh tryc tuyen cao v i da duy cip, da thiet bi, do vay he thong TVCC ran xac djnh lai chien lypc phat trign hg thong CNTT, trong dd ed cac ygu c3u cd ban sau day: - He thong uhg dung CNTT ran dutjfc dieu cNnh, xay dUng lai vol mfit he d w i g cd kha ning dap ling sy ttiay doi vg quy trinh nghiep vu cung nhy ygu cau ciia ngudi sy dung mfit each linh ho^t. - He thong CNTT h i ^ tai ran dydc tiep tyc duy tri v i ning eSp dg d i p dng yeu du nghigp vy, vdi xu hudng day manh cung cap cic dieh vy trut tuygn, hfii tu, lien ket cic ngufin ben trong va txx\ ngoai he thong TVCC. 3. ThV'c trang u>ig d^ng cdng ngh$ thdng tin cua h^ thdng t h i / v i ^ cdng c^ng Thing 5/2016, Hoi nghi Tfing kgt hoat dfing yng dyng CNTT ciia he thong TVCC da danh g i i nhiihg thinh tiju giai do^n 2006 - 2016 v i chi rfi nhiihg han dig, ygu kem ran khic phyc dong thdi xac dinh phudng hudng doi vdi cfing t i c lihg dung CNTT aJa he thong TVCC dtmg giai doan tdi. Qj die: 3.1. Nhihig thinh ttfu dpt dupc - CNTT dUde ijhg durig mdt each manh me trong tat c i cae hoat dfing thu vign, da gdp phan thay doi dien mao ttiU vi|n. - Ha tang CNTT duoc aing cd, nhieu thU vign cd sy quan tam ciia chinh quyen dia phUdng da dUdc dau t y vdi nhiihg dy an rat idn, oa chigu sau. He thong thu vign cd sd cung da iihg dung CNTT khi m^nh me. - Cic phan mSm chuyen nganh dude lihg dung rpng rai, gdp phan doi mdi phuang thyc to chye 1(63) v i hoat d^ng thU vign, nang cao chat Iudng hoat - Nhigu bSt c§p v§ ehg dp, chinh sich d i i ng$ dfii vdi ngudi l i m cfing tac CNTT c i ve diu nh|p dpng. l§n cd hOi dudc d i o t?o nang cao trinh dO. - Nhilu dy i n mdi hoic dang bong giai doan ehuan bi dUdc dSu tU deu hUdng t^p tmng xay dyhg nguon lyt thfing tin so hoi, t?o l$p cic bp sulitipsfi. - Sin phim v i dich vy da dang hdn, d i p dhg - Tinh lien k a tiong ho?t dOng CNTT bong cung hg thong chua ch|t che, dan d&i higu qua thSp, nhieu khi dra>g cheo, lang phi. - Vtec phfii hdP giu^ eic ddn vj ehi d^o nghigp vu v i ed quan quan ly nha nudc chua ch$t che ygu du ngay cang cao aia ban dpc. dong viec djnh hudng, dinh g i i , tfing kS, diic nit - D$i ngu nhan lye OITT tiep t»c dut^c kien toin, ting ve sfi luWig va nang cao vg trinh dp. Da xuat hien mpt sfi c i nhan dii trinh dp giai quyet cic van de nghigp vy phit sinh v i t?o ra cie giii phip hii\j ich cho cic dng dyng thyc tg mang l^i higu qua thigt diyt d cic thU vign dja phudng. 3.2. MdtsSh^n 4. C i c g i i i p h i p tang cuOng h i ^ q u i ufng dyng cdng ngh$ t h d n g t i n v i o h o ^ t d$ng h$ thdng thiT vi#n cdng c^ng trong thdl gian tdi 4.1. Cic nguySn tic OSu bf vi Cfng dpng cdng nghi thong chevi nguyin nhin • Cfing tic lihg dyng CNTT chua dap lihg kjp ^ kinh nghiem. dp phit tiign dia CNTT va truygn thfing eung nhu sy thay dfii nhanh ve ygu cau ciia ngUdi sy dyng. - Miit dp yng dyng CNTT dong he thong khfing dSng dgu, trinh dp phit bign giiia cic thy vign cfi khoang cich Idn, v i a5 xu hudng ngay cing ting. - Vigc sy dyng qui nhieu pfan mgm quin tri thy vign trong cung mpt hg thong dSn den khd khin trong cfing t i c ho tn? iSn nhau khi can thiet. Nhigu pfSn mem chua i p dung cae ehugn n g h i ^ vy dan den dnh trgng khd khin cho vi%: trao dfii, dimg chung hoic tich hdP cd sd du" lieu. - Ngan sich thudng xuygn danh cho hoat dpng CNTT edn thSp, chua tijdng xiihg vdfi vt tri, vai trd, t i c dyng cua CNTT trong hoat dpng thu vign. - Thigu nhan lyt dUdc dao t ^ ehuygn nginh CNTT, mfii tnidng lam vigc va thu nhap diua khuygn khich dype ngycfi cfi trinh dp tot ve CNTT lim vigc cho thU vi|n. - Trinh d$, ning lyt aia ngudi lim thy vl^n ndi chung trong linh vyt lihg dung CNTT cfin nhieu h^n ehg, chua dude cai thien nhieu trong 10 nim qua. Cfing tie dio t^o, boi dudng chua dude den hanh thudng xuyen, lign tuc. tin. Dg Omg dyng CNTT d$t hi^u q u i cao, bgn vQhg cac thy vi§n bong hg diSng TVCC can dim bio thyc hl?n cie nguygn t i c sau: Mdt li: LTng dyng CNTT phii d i m bio ti'nh tfiyc tS, khi dii, cSn xic djnh mut dp quan trpng, cSp tiiia ciia nhigm vy v i k h i ning i p dyng vio thyc den trong dieu kign cy thg, do dd dg tiiyi: hi§n dype nguygn t i c niy dn phai cd sy khio sit dg nSm b i t dude thyt d^ng yng dyng CNTT t^l ddn vi, bao gom: nhan lyt, cd sd v§t chat, trang thigt bj CNTT hi§n cd (phan eiihg, phin mgm...). Hai ti: LJfng dung CNTT phii d i m bio b'nh h^ diong d i i t che, c6 to chyc budc het ciia toin h? thfing thy vign (bao gom ca hg thong TVCC, thy vi?n d^i hpe, thU vign pho thfing, thU vign chuyen nginh) v i d i t tiong tinh he thfing oia bp miy quin ly nhi nUdc. Ba la: Dim bio tfnh dong bp, doi vdi nguyen tie nay, cfing t i c liYig dyng CNTT dn phai du^c d i t yong cae mfii lign h^ vdi cic hogt dOng khic aia ddn vj, can d i m bio tinh d/dng h6 l l n nhau, bfi d d cho nhau, do dd mudn thyc hi|n tfit nguygn t i e niy thi dfing diffi eung phii thyt hl^n ddng b$ cic bi^n phip khic, h o ^ dpng k h i c Sfin li: Lfng dyng CNTT doi hfii hg thfing TVCC phai diii ypng d i u t y cie ygu c5u k9 thuit vg tinh an toin (dfii vdi h$ difing thigt bj, hg thfing