Success With Foreign Language - Seven Who Achieved It and What Worked for Them

PRENTICE HALL INTERNATIONAL Language Teaching Methodology Series Teacher Education General Editor: Christopher N. Candlin Success with Foreign Languages Success Foreign with Languages Seven who achieved it and what worked for them EARL W. STEVICK ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING Prentice Hall New York London Toronto Sydney Tokyo Singapore Other titles in this series include CANDLIN, Christopher and MURPHY, Dermot Language learning tasks ELLIS, Rod Classroom second language development ELLIS, Rod Classroom language acquisition in context KENNEDY, Chris Language planning and English language teaching KRASHEN, Stephen Second language acquisition and second language learning KRASHEN, Stephen Principles and practice in second language acquisition KRASHEN, Stephen Language acquisition and language education KRASHEN, Stephen and TERRELL, Tracy The natural approach MARTON, Waldemar Methods in English language teaching: frameworks and options MCKAY, Sandra Teaching grammar NEWMARK, Peter Approaches to translation NUNAN, David Understanding language classrooms PECK, Antony Language teachers at work ROBINSON, Gail Crosscultural understanding SWALES, John Episodes in ESP TOMALIN, Barry and STEMPLESKI, Susan Video in action WENDEN, Anita and RUBIN, Joan Learner strategies in language learning YALDEN, Janice The communicative syllabus First published 1989 by Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd 66 Wood Lane End, Hemel Hempstead Hertfordshire, HP2 4RG A division of Simon & Schuster International Group Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd, 1989 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission, in writing, from the publisher. For permission within the United States of America contact Prentice Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ 07632. Printed and bound in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Stevick, Earl W. Success with foreign 1anguages: seven who achieved it and what worked for them/Earl W. Stevick. p. cm. - (Prentice-Hall International language teaching methodology series. Teacher education) Bibliography: p. Includes index. ISBN 0-13-860289-1 1. Languages, Modern-Study and teaching (Higher) I. Title II. Series. PB35.S843 1989 418’.0071’1-dc20 89-8432 CIP British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Stevick, Earl W. Success with foreign languages: seven who achieved it and what worked for them. 1. Foreign languages. Learning I. Title 418’.007 ISBN 0-13-860289-l 2 3 4 5 93 92 91 90 Contents General Editor’s Preface ix Preface xi Acknowledgements xv Chapter One An Intuitive Learner: Ann learning Norwegian 1 1.1 As language comes in 1 1.1.1 Taking language in through the ear 1 1.1.2 Responding to nuances of pronunciation 3 1.1.3 Transcribing what has been heard 4 1.1.4 Staying afloat in a ‘torrent of sound’ 6 1.1.5 Nonverbal communication 9 1.1.6 AILEEN: Diversity in what is triggered by intake 10 1.2 The power of context 12 1.2.1 What ‘top-to-bottom’ listening can do 12 1.2.2 A TECHNIQUE: Selective listening 13 1.2.3 A TECHNIQUE: Examining a whole newspaper 14 1.2.4 A contrasting case of ‘top-to-bottom’ listening 14 1.2.5 The need for meaningful context 16 1.2.6 Ann’s idea of the ‘natural’ way to learn a language 18 1.3 Notes 20 Chapter Two A Formal Learner: Bert learning Chinese 21 2.1 Audio-lingual-style activities 21 2.1.1 Bert’s idea of the ‘natural’ way to learn a language 21 2.1.2 Massive ‘mimicry-memorization’ 24 2.1.3 Intensive mechanical drill 26 2.1.4 How important is native-like pronunciation? 27 2.1.5 Memorization of texts 29 2.2 Bert’s other activities 30 2.2.1 Memorizing individual words 30 2.2.2 A TECHNIQUE: Imagery with vocabulary cards 32 2.2.3 BOB: Imagery and memorization 32 2.2.4 A TECHNIQUE: Meaningful memorization of texts 34 2.2.5 The value of summarizing reading 35 2.2.6 Paraphrasing as a learning technique 37 2.3 Notes 39 V ... - tailieumienphi.vn