Xem mẫu
- NGHIEN Cljru TRAO DOI (sg 01 (162)-2017')
Su- dung cae ngudn lyc tai chmh ihig pho
vol biln doi khi hau toan c5u 6- Viet Nam
Nguyen Thi Thu Hutrag*
Svr dgng ngudn luc tdi chinh hiiu qud de thich d'ng v&i bien ddi khi hdu & cdc nu&c la rat quan trgng,
tron^ dd cd Viet Nam. Bdy la mpt ly do rat quan trgng cho vi^c tim kiim cdc giaiphap di su dgng cdc
ngudn luc tdi chinh cho thich ung biin ddi khihgu mpt cdch hifu qud hffn & Viet Nam trong tuffng lai
• Tir khoa: bien ddi khi hdu; ngudn luc tdi chinh; cdc quy quoc te, ODA, NS quoc gia.
ABSTRACT
Important to promote the using financial resources efficiently to cope with climate change in countries,
including Vietnam. This is a very important reason for finding solutions to use the financial resources
for climate change adaptation more efficiently in the future in Vietnam.
• KcjTvords: climate change, financial resources, international funds, ODA, state budget
THUC TRANG SIJ^ DyNG hdi dan sir va td chirc cdng ddng Viet Nam la Chuang trinh ho trg
CAC NGUON L y c TAI CHINH ngudn luc de thuc hien cdc du dn/ ung phd vdi BDKH. GFDRR
UNG PHO VCn BIEN DOI KHI boat ddng cdng ddng trong bdo hd trg 3 du an lai Viet Nam vdi
HAU TOAN CAU O VIET NAM ve mdi Irudng va phdt trien sinh tdng sd tien vao khodng 4,5
Cdc q u i quoc te ke ben vung dua vao qudn ly vd trieu USD, bang viec cho vay
Quy mdi iru&ng loan cau sir dung ben vung tai nguyen vdn cho cac cdng trinh ve co sd
thien nhien. Dac biet, vdi co chi ha tang qui md nhd nhiim giam
Quy Mdi Irudng lodn cau
tai trg nhanh chdng, than thien, thieu linh de ton thucmg do thien
(GLF) dugc lhanh lap dl giai
cdng khai va minh bach, trong lai, Ngoai ra, GFDRR cung cap
quycl cac van de mdi irudng
chu ky GEF 4 (2007-2010), SGP cdc thdng tin ve thdm hga khi
loan cau, bao gdm ! 83 quoc gia
Viet Nam da lai trg 57 du an cho hau, cac boat ddng thich img
thitnii vicn. Thdng qua Chucmg
cdc td chirc xa hgi dan su va Id vdi BDKH, GNRRTT dugc ho
trinh Tai iro nhd (SGP) GEF
chuc cdng ddng tai Viet Nam. trg bdi nhieu nha tdi trg va dugc
da thuc hicn ban 20.000 lai trg
Tinh din thdng 9/2014, SGP Viet dang tren web cua quT (UNDP
clio cac td chirc \a hgi dan su
Nam da tai irg cho tdng sd 125 2015,285),
\;i cdng ddng vdi tons sd lien la
duan. ihuc hien iren 101 xa ciia
I l\ LSD Cdc chiroTig trinh quoc te
40 tinh Ircn khSp ca nudc (UNDP
GLI-' SGP Viet Nam trien 2015,284), Chucmg Irinh hd Irff ung
khai til nam 1999. Hdu hit cac phd v&i biin ddi khi hdu qudc
dtr tin ihudc cac ITnh \uc bao tin Quy phgc hdi vd gidm gia (SP-RCC)
da d.ing sinh hoc (DDSH), giam lhieu rdi ro thiin tai todn cdu
(GFDRR) Khi mdi di vao hoal dpng.
ihiai \a thich img vdi BD^KH, chuong Irinh SP-RCC cd 2 don
Khoang 68"o cac du an lap trung Quy cd su tham gia cua 41 vj lai trg la Ca quan hgp tac
o dLi>cn hai mien Trung, va 32% qudc gia va 8 td chirc qudc te qudc tl Nhal Ban (JICA) va Ca
ocac khti \trc khac trong ca nudc. nham hd tra cac nudc dang phat quan phdt trien Phdp (AFD), den
LIIU >cti lit cac dia phuang thudc trien trong dd cd Viet Nam cho nay da cd them cac nhd tai trg
Ddng Biic Bac Bd Qua gan 15 cac boat ddng giam nhe riii ro nhu: Ngan hang Thi gidi (WB),
niim tnen khaitai VietNam, SGP thien tai (GNRRTI") va thicb Ca quan Hgp lac phat tnen
1.1 mdi trong ^d rat it chuong Irinh irng vdi BDKII qudc tl Canada (CIDA). Co^
un li-o hii-u qua o \'tct Nam trong Mdt ln>ng nhdng chucmg quan Hd trg phat trien qudc te
MCC hd u-o cho cac id chirc \a trinh dugc ho tro ctia GFDRR d Australia (AuSAID). Ngan hang
lloi ndn Tdi chinh
Tap chi nghien ciifu Tai chinh ke toan
- (joOl (162)•2017') NGHIEN cufu TRAO DOI
Eximbank Han Qudc. Tdng kinh Ban la cdc nha tai trg chinh. Vi cung dang hd trg cdc ho^t ddng
phi Viet Nam nhdn dugc thdng du, Dire va Australia tdi trg cho GNRRTT va thich umg vdi
qua SP-RCC din nay khoang 1 chuang trinh thi'ch ung dua vdo BDKH, dac bi?t la t^i cac dia
li USD. Hien tai mdt s6 nhd tai he sinh thai ven biln tai 5 tinh phuang, phdn ldn cdc hoat dgng
trg khdc dang thdo luan vdi Bd Dong bdng sdng Ciru Long. Ha thudng tap trung vao ndng cao
Tai nguyen vd Mdi trudng, cdn Lan hd trg Thdnh phd Hd Chi nang luc. Loai hd trg nay cd kha
nhac viec tham gia chuong trinh Minh qui hoach thich umg vdi nang la mdt trong so it kenh tai
(UNDP 2015, 285). BDKH, vd lam viec vdi cac chinh md nhdm xa hdi dan cu cd
Chuffng trinh hd trff tdi bg ve qui hoach tdng thi Ddng thi tilp can (UNDP 2015, 286).
chinh cho Chuffng trinh muc bang sdng Cim Long. Hinh 1 thi hien bd trg ODA
tiiu qudc gia ve irng phd v&i H 5 try ky thu?t da cho chi ung phd vdi BDKH
biin ddi khi hdu phmmg: dugc cun^ cap bdi cdc thdng qua hinh thirc cho vay
Pirron Vtknn phdt
ngan hdng nUnI- trien
l^^tn vd
.•>. cdc
nXn td
*X ..A U%
- NGHIEN cufu TRAO 001 (S^01(162)-2017)
cung bien dgng rdt ldn (Bd K I + Hop tac hd trg giu'a cac - Ngu6n nhan Ivrc tai cac
hoach & Ddu tu 2014). nudc dang phat triin sS ngay dja phirong: vi?c phdn tach
Nguon ngan sach nha mx&c cang dugc day manh. NhCmg QLRRTT va thich ung vdi
nln kinh t l dang len (vi du nhu BDKH t^i cac ca quan khac
Hinh 2 the hien mdc phdn
Trung Qudc, An Do) cd the se ho nhau dan tdi viec dja phuong
bd chi cho ung phd vdi BDKH
trg tai chinh cho boat dgng thich khdng cd dii nhan lyre de quan
cua timg bd theo nam. Theo do,
Bd NN&PTNT chilm ty le ldn ung cho cdc nudc cd thu nhdp Iy va thuc hien cac van de dd.
nhat trong tdng chi cho BDKH, thdp de giiip cdc nudc nay ung - Tai chinh: thdng thudng,
chiem gdn 80% tdng vdn thuc phd vdi BDKH. Vi du mgt trong nhu cau ve tai chinh cho viec
chi cho ung phd vdi BDKH cua cdc quT nhu vdy Id QuT Bao hiem thuc hien QLRRTT va thich
cac bg dugc nghien cuu. Dung riii ro thien tai virng Caribe. ung vdi BDKH la rdt Idn (dk
thir hai la Bd GTVT, cbilm 14% + Cac ca che tai chinh trong thuc hi^n Chiln luge qudc
tdng chi tieu cho img phd vdi nhimg nam gdn day tap trung gia phdng, chdng vd gidm nhe
BDKH. Dac trung trong boat chi'nh cho gidm nhe BDKH va it thien tai din nam 2020, Bo
ddng cap vdn ciia hai bd nay tdi chinh cho chuyen ^iao cdng NN&PTNT du todn kinh phi
Id cdc bd deu ddu tu nhieu vdo nghe thich img do thieu cdc che Id 18 ty USD. K l hoach thuc
cac du an img phd vdi BDKH do khuyen khich, gia tang nguy bien chiln luge 2009-2010 bao
Idn, vi du Bd NN&PTNT ddu tu ca vd chi phi giao djch cao. Tuy gdm 36 du dn vdi tdng kinh
cho he thdng thiiy Igi trong khi nhien, nhimg bai hgc tir viec phi Id 242,76 nghin ty dong
Bd GTVT ddu tu cho cau cdng chuyen giao cdng nghe giam nhe tucmg duong 13,12 ty USD).
va dudng xd, Tdng vdn len tdi cd the dp dung cho viec chuyen Bdi vdy viec ngdn sdch dugc
khoang 12.800 ty ddng da dugc giao cac cdng nghe thich ung. qudn Iy bdi cac^ ca quan khac
chi cho cac boat ddng ung phd nhau eiing khien n^udn tien
Chi phi la mdt trong nbCrng
vdi^ BDKH ciia Bd NN&PTNT, bj chia nhd hoac chdng cheo,
rdo can chinh trong chuyen giao
nhan manh vai Ird lanh dao quan idm giam bieu qua ciia cdc hoat
cdng nghe, do dd cdc y tudng tdi
trgng ciia Bd NN&PTNT trong ddng lien quan ldi QLRRTT va
chi'nh cho su phdt triin vd chuyen
iing phd vdi BDKH. thich irng vdi BDKH. Viec phan
giao cdng nghe la can thiet. Tilm
chia QLRRTT vd thich ung vdi
NHUNG CO HOI VA RAO nang ciia ngudn tdi chinh cho BDKITI ciing se ban chi kha
CAN TRONG SLT DUNG CAC chuyen giao cdng nghe cd tbi nang tim kiim tdi trgquoc tl cho
NGUON LUC TAI CHINH U"NG tir cac ngudn song phuang, cdc cac boat ddng ciia tirng ca che.
PHO VOI BIEN DOI KHI HAU ngudn da phuang, ITnh vuc lu Ngodi ra, hien nay Viet Nam
TOAN CAU nhan: nhu WB, cdc ngdn hang
thieu cdc chinh sach huy dgng
Co' hoi khu vuc, ddng tai chi'nh dugc
cdc ngudn tai chinh, dac biet cdc
tao ra tir Ca chi phdt iriln sach
-^ rdi chinh lir cac nha lai (CDM) va khu vuc tu nhdn,.. ngudn tai cbinh khu vuc tu nhan
trg cho QLRRTT ngay cang cho cdc hoat ddng QLRRTT va
Rao can
dn dinh trong nhung nam gdn thich img vdi BDKH, chua cd
da\ va dang chuyin ddn tir tai Hien nay, d hdu bit cac qudc cac C0 che chinh sdch phii hgp
chinh qudc le ciia cdc du an vl gia, QLRRTT va thich img vdi de ldi keo thu hut nhieu han cac
\ay dung ca sd ha tdng Idn sang BDKH dugc quan ly bdi cac ngudn tai chinh qudc tl,
ngudn lai chinh tir cac qui cho CO quan rieng biel. Thudng thi
hoat ddng thich irng BDKH. thich irng vdi BDKH dugc Bd - Chinh sach: cimg mdt muc
Mdi trudng quan ly (d Viel Nam tieu Id gidm lhieu riii ro do thien
+ Cac nudc phdt trien cd
la Bd TN&MT) va GNRRTT lai va khi hau gay ra nhung viec
tiach nhicm nhdt dinh irong
dugc Bg Noi vu quan ly (d Viet quan ly bdi cac caquan chirc nang
\icc ho trg tai chinh cho hoal
Nam la Bd NN&PTNT). Viec khdc nhau ddn den cac chinh sdch
ddng thich irng tai cac nudc
quan ly hai co chi nay tai hai cho limg CO che la khdc nhau
dang phat tricn thdng qua cdc
Bd khdc nhau gay khd khan gay cdn trd cho vice thuc hien va
qui qudc le cho thich ting \di
nhal djnh cho viec thuc hien qudn ly cac van de lien quan den
BiJKII dtrac xa\ dung tren the
hai ca che ircn tai Viet Nam dac BDKH cung nhu GNRR7T
biet la tai cac dia phuang bdi vi:
Tap chi nghien cCfu Tai chinh ke' loan
- (jo01(162)-2017) NGHIEN CUTU TRAO D 6 I
MOT S 6 GIAI PHAP Bon Id, dl xudt ngan sach cua LJy ban quoc gia vl bien
Mpt Id, xdy dung va hodn cho biln ddi khi hdu trong ke dii khf hau (UBQG vl BDKH).
thien cdc chinh sach huy dgng cdc hoach phdt trien kinh tl - xa hgi Bg TN&MT sg chii tri cap nhat
ngudn tai chinh qudc te, dac biet 2016-2020, phu hgp vdi Khung thdng tin vl danh gia rui ro va
khd tai khda trung ban cua Chinh mirc dd dl bi tdn thuang cung
cdc nguon tai chinh kbu vuc tu
phil - do Bd KH&DT vd Bg Tai nhu tac dgng cua cdc chuang
nhdn cho cdc hoat dgng QLRRTT
chinh trien khai thi diem trong trinh irng phd vdi bien ddi khi
vd tbich img vdi BDKH; Xay
qua trinh chudn bi ke hoach phat hau nhdm tang cudng khd ndng
dung mdt khung tdi chinh hdi hda
trien kinh tl xa hdi. K I hoach va phuc hoi trudc rdi ro biln doi
de hinh thanh cac ca che tdi cbinh
ngdn sdch nen bao gdm tdt cd khi hdu vd cdng tdc gidm sdt,
phil hgp vdi khung thuc hien bdo cao vd thdm tra thuc trang
cdc khoan chi lien quan tdi img
cbinh sdch thicb img vd gidm nhe phdt thai khi nhd kinb.
phd bien ddi khi hau tai tdt cd cac
bien ddi khi hdu.
cap va tir tdt cd cdc ngudn. Hien
Hai Id, Viet Nam can thiet nay, sd lieu ve chi cho bien ddi Tai li|u tham khao:
lap he thdng gidm sdi, danh gid khi hdu dang phdn tan tai nhieu fip Ki hogch & Ddu lu (2014). Bdo
irng phd vdi bien ddi khi bau va cao ra soat chi lieu cong va ddu tu cho
chuang trinh muc tieu va theo bien doi kill hdu
xac djnh cdc chi tieu ddnh gid nhieu cdp khdc nhau. G20 Climate Finance Study Group
quan trgng de ddnh gia tac ddng (2014). Report lo the Fincance Mimsters
ciia ung phd vdi BDKH, Xay Ndm Id, can cd mdt Bdo Pham Huang (22/12/2015) miNam
dung va thuc hien Id trinh xdc cdo ve tinh hinh va hieu qud dung thu 7 todn cdu ve ihi^l hai do bien
sir dung vdn danh eho img phd doi khi hdu -http.//vnexpress net/tin-tuc/
t^inh uu tien trung ban vd ddi khoa-hoc/trong-nuoc/viet-nam-dung-
vdi BDKH nham dat dugc cac
han hinh thanh nang luc giam lhu-7-toan-cau-ve-thiet-hai-do-bien-doi-
muc tieu de ra. Bao cdo nay nen khi-hau-3331856 html
sal, bao cao va thdm tra.
dugc coi la mgt bg phdn quan Quoc hQi khoa XUI. Uy ban Khoa
Ba Id, tang cudng nang luc trgng khdng the lhieu trong hpc, cong nghi va moi irucmg (2014).
cho Van phdng Ban chi dao qua Irinh Irien khai chinb sdch Ten li?u hpi thao vi?c ihuc hiin chinh
sdch. phap lual ve ung pho v&i bien doi
CLia UBQG vl BDKH dk giiip BDKH, Bao cdo can phdi todn khi hdu a Viit Nam
Van phdng Ban chi dao cd khd dien, dugc xudt ban deu dan (cd Vy ban Thucmg vu Quae hQi, Dodn
nang hudng dan hinh thdnh he the bat dau Irien khai vao giira giam sdt (2015), Bao cdo kel qud gidm
nam 2016, va sau dd la djnh ky sdi Viic ihuc hi?n chinh sdch, phdp ludt
Ihdng giam sat, ddnh gid va lap vi phong, chong bien doi khi hQu a Dong
Bao cao ve khi hau, qua dd giiip hai lan mdt nam), phd bien cho bdng song Cim Long
UBQG vl BDKH thuc hien cdng chung va phai dugc danh UNDP (2015). Bdo cdo ddc bi?! cua
chirc nang giam sal, xac djnh uu gid ddc lap. Ve mat the che, bao Viil Nam vi quan ly rui ro thien tai vd
cao nay se thudc Irach nhiem cdc hien tupng cue doan nham thiic ddy
ticn va phdi hop. thich img vai biin doi klii hdu
Quan ly rui ro tin dung... (Tiep theo trang 20)
{\\x ly hd sa. theo doi lai san the rill ra nhirng ihdng lin huu xep loai RRTD, trinh dd nhan
dam bao,.,). ich dc xac dinh pham vi RRTD luc, bao cdo RRTD ky trudc,..
- Can cir vao cdng lac phan cd the chap nhdn dugc ciia ngan Tai lieu tham khao:
lich Igi nhuan riii ro ciia ngan hang cho thdi ky tiep theo. Can Tham khdo bai viel http //
Ihoihaoiaichinhvielnam vn/pages/
hang. "Irong hoal ddng ciia cir vdo nhtmg phan tich, nhung Iien-te-bao-hiem/20!6-l 1-22/quan-
minh, ngan hitng ludn phai ddi du bao rui ro Irong boat ddng ly-rui-ro-tin-dung-ngan-hanh-kiem-
soai-chai-che-viec-phe-duyet-lin-
mat vdi cac loai riii ro. Giua riii kinh doanh ndi chung va hoat dung-38184 aspx
ro \a lgi nhuan ludn cd su quan dong lin dung ndi rieng, Iham khao bdi viet https /www
he mat thiel \di nhau, lgi nhuan lechcombunk com vn gioi-thieu/goc-
- Can cir vao kinh nghiem bao-chi/hao-chi-iioi-ve-Iechcombank'
ludn pliLii dl lien vdi cac bicn ba-liiyen-phong-lhu-lrong-quan-tn-
ciia chinh ngan hang irong quan rui-> o-ngan-hang
phiip gKim ihiC'u rui ro. Thdng
ly danh mtic cho vay, trinh dd Tham khdo hdi viet hllp '•'www
qua hoai ddng phan tich hao cao baomoi com qvan-iy-rui-ro-lin-diing-
uii chmh va hao ctio RRTD co khoa lu)c cua he thdng danh gia,
Irong-ngan-hung'c/? 506049 epi
Tap chi nghien cdTu Tai chinh ke toan
nguon tai.lieu . vn
