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Strategy for the Historic Industrial Environment
The Brewing Industry
A report by the Brewery History Society for English Heritage
February 2010
Front cover: Detail of stained glass window in the Millennium Brewhouse, Shepherd Neame Brewery, Faversham, Kent. Design, showing elements of the brewing process, by Keith and Judy Hill of Staplehurst.
Strategy for the Historic Industrial Environment
The Brewing Industry
A report by the Brewery History Society for English Heritage February 2010
Text by Lynn Pearson
Brewery History Society, 102 Ayelands, New Ash Green, Longfield, Kent DA3 8JW
www.breweryhistory.com
Foreword
The Brewery History Society (BHS) was founded in 1972 to promote research into all aspects of the brewing industry, to encourage the interchange of information about breweries and brewing, and to collect photographic and other archive information about brewery history. The Society publishes a Newsletter and a quarterly journal Brewery History, which first appeared in 1972. It has also published a national directory and a series of county-wide surveys of historic breweries; the Society’s archive is held by Birmingham Central Library. Further details of BHS activities may be found at .
The ongoing threat to the historic fabric of the English brewing industry was discussed at the conference From Grain to Glass, organised jointly by English Heritage (EH), the BHS and the Association for Industrial Archaeology (AIA), which took place at Swindon on 13 June 2003; the joint BHS and Victorian Society study day From Hop to Hostelry: the brewing and licensed trades 1837 -1914 (Young’s Ram Brewery, Wandsworth, 25 February 2006); and during the AIA Ironbridge Working Weekend (Coalbrookdale, 29 April 2006). Following this EH agreed to support a project on ‘The Brewing Industry’, which was carried out between July 2007 and September 2009. Its aims were to provide up to date information on all pre-1940 operating breweries, to compile a comprehensive list of historic brewery buildings (the computerised BHS Breweries Database), to consider the future of the industry’s archives, and to undertake a national assessment on the industry, in the form of a Strategy for the Historic Industrial Environment report (SHIER).
Acknowledgements
The project steering committee comprised Jeff Sechiari (BHS Chair), Ray Anderson (BHS President), and BHS committee members Ken Smith and Mike Bone. The project researcher was Lynn Pearson, author and BHS member. Much of the groundwork was carried out by BHS members, who contributed to a survey of England’s remaining brewery buildings. They included: John Arguile, David Baker, Paul Bayley, Mike Brown, Des Clarke, Neil Clarke, David Cox, Tony Crosby, George Crutcher, Geoff Dye, Philip Eley, Ray Farleigh, Robert Flood, Simon Gispert, Jenny Greenhalgh, John Hodges, Tim Holt, Peter Holtham, Ian Hornsey, Bob Inman, Malcolm James, John Janaway, Ray Kirby, Chris Marchbanks, Mary Miles, Peter Moynihan, Ken Page, Ian Peaty, Steve Peck, Pat Saunders, Mark Steeds, D. J. Taylor, Alan Walker, Jeffrey Waller, Allan Whitaker and John Williamson. The steering committee and Lynn Pearson are very grateful to all those who took part in the survey.
We are also grateful to others who assisted with the project, including Heloise Brown (Victorian Society), Tony Calladine, Bruce Hedge (AIA), Sue Hudson, Malcolm C. James (who kindly allowed us to see a copy of his thesis on the brewery buildings of Burton upon Trent), Joseph Mirwitch, Ann Morris, Richard Oxborrow, Amber Patrick, Kingsley Rickard, Sheila Stones and Ken Thomas (Courage Archive). We are also grateful for the support of the Association for Industrial Archaeology. In addition, we are particularly grateful to Norman Barber, former BHS Archivist, without whose earlier research our task would have been impossible.
Finally we should like to thank English Heritage for offering us the opportunity to carry out this project. Keith Falconer, EH Head of Industrial Archaeology, provided constant support and enthusiasm for the idea of the brewery industry project. Peter Smith, our EH Project Officer, ensured that we kept on course, while Gareth Watkins, Barney Sloane and Tim Cromack helped considerably in the project’s early stages.
Please note that all photographs are by members of the Brewery History Society unless otherwise stated. LBS = Listed Buildings System.
Contents
Part One
The English brewing industry and its buildings
1.1 Outline history of the brewing industry 1 1.2 The traditional ale brewing process 3 1.3 Brewery architecture 4 1.4 Major brewers’ architects, engineers and plant manufacturers 7 1.5 Glossary of brewing terms 10 1.6 Bibliography and websites 11
Part Two
Gazetteer of extant historic brewery buildings
Bedfordshire 13
Berkshire 13
Bristol 14
Buckinghamshire 15
Cambridgeshire 16
Cheshire 16
Cornwall 17
Cumbria 18
Derbyshire 19
Devon 19
Dorset 21
Durham 21
East Sussex 22
East Yorkshire 23
Essex 23
Gloucestershire 24
Greater London 25
Greater Manchester 26
Hampshire 28
Herefordshire 29
Hertfordshire 29
Isle of Wight 30
Isles of Scilly 31
Kent 31
Lancashire
Leicestershire
Lincolnshire
Merseyside
Norfolk
North Yorkshire
Northamptonshire
Northumberland
Nottinghamshire
Oxfordshire
Rutland
Shropshire
32 Somerset 41
33 South Yorkshire 42
34 Staffordshire 43
34 Suffolk 45
35 Surrey 46
36 Tyne and Wear 46
37 Warwickshire 48
37 West Midlands 48
38 West Sussex 49
39 West Yorkshire 50
40 Wiltshire 52
40 Worcestershire 53
Part Three
Managing the Resource
3.1 Designations - the present position 54 3.2 Identifying the gaps 57 3.3 Management and conservation 57 3.4 BHS recommendations for understanding
and sustaining the brewing heritage 58 3.5 Framework for site assessment 58 3.6 Methodology and definitions 60
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