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- Starting Steps
WRITING I 98/99
1- Basic elements of the sentence : Subject , Objects , Complements
e. g : He is reading a book . Maria is going to buy her son a new watch .
The test was so difficult .
2- Phrases and Clauses :
Phrases : groups of words containing non-finite verbs ( -ING / -ED forms of verbs , To-
infinitive )
e .g : Looking at the board , she knew that she was on the wrong way .
This is a long novel written by a very famous writer .
Old Dinger’s ghost was said to live in the surrounding hills .
Clauses : groups of words containing finite verbs
e .g : The cat jumped onto my father’s lap while he was reading his letters .
Looking at the board , she knew that she was on the wrong way .
Practice : Identify phrases and clauses in the following sentences :
1-The woman driving the car indicated that she was going left and then turned right .
2- I shan’t go unless he asks me .
3- When it rains , I usually go to the office by bus .
4- Henry did the work as it ought to be done .
5-Mary has gone to get some fruit .
6-I received my wages yesterday , so that I can now pay what I owe you .
7-Walking through the park , we saw a lovely show of daffodils .
8-The concert given by the Philharmonic Orchestra was a great success .
3-Subordinate clauses :
Functions : Nouns , Adjectives , Adverbs .
e .g : What he likes is what I hate .
Can you tell me what the time is ?
The place where Macbeth met the witches was a desolate heath .
As my secretary is away at present , I have a great many extra letters to answer.
When we came in , they were having dinner .
I know that he is the leader .
The news that he heard from his friend was a great shock to him .
The news that his father got terribly ill was a great shock to him .
Practice :Identify the subordinating clauses and its functions in the following sentences :
1-The book which you lent me was interesting .
2-How the prisoners escaped is a complete mystery .
3-George said that he was pleased to welcome our Italian friends .
4-I shall do the exercises as I have been taught .
5-The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true .
6-He asked me why I had come there .
7-As the car was so small he sold it .
8-He kept on with his work until he had finished it .
9-Stay where you are !
10-The idea that you can do this work without thinking is quite wrong .
4-Complex , Compound , Compound-Complex :
main clause + subordinate clause (s ) -> complex
main clause + main clause -> compound
main clause + main clause + subordinate clause -> compound-complex
e .g : I am teaching you English and you are listening to me .
The man said that he was tired .
Do you understand that or is the point still not clear ?
The boy who was attacked by the thieves closed the door and then he walked away .
The thief ran away when he saw the policeman .
They could not decide what to do so they asked for my advice .
WRITING I
Starting points
I Identify phrases , clauses in the following sentences :
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- 1-Suddenly the tornado hit the town , ripping roots away from houses , wrenching trees from the
ground .
2-Anyone who likes rock music wants to hear it all day long .
3-Eventhough I enjoy pastoral beauty , bugs scare me and flowers make me sneeze .
4-We tried out our new speed boat when the see was calm .
5-An educated person is one who knows not only the extent of his knowledge but also its limits .
6-It is difficult to estimate the impact of televised violence upon young children .
7-Many parents are under the impression that education is to be got only in school .
8-Before election , it is every politician’s opinion that taxes must be cut.
9-The police were annoyed by the jeers of the crowd .
10-She became interested in social work through her summer job in a camp for underprivileged
children .
II Underline the subordinating clause and denote its function :
1 -While I did well in class , I was a poor performer at games
2- A great storm had brought the sea right into the house , so that they had been forced to make
their escape by a window at the back .
3- Where the pink cliffs rose out of the ground there were often narrow tracks winding upwards .
4- George said he was pleased to welcome our Italian friends .
5- You can have this for what I paid for it .
6-The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true .
7-The news that he told me was terrible .
8- That it was done deliberately is quite clear.
9-I know the reason why he was so angry .
10-He is the kindest man I know .
III Identify compound , complex , compound-complex sentences :
1-Teachers frown on the idea of cramming the night before an exam , but it’s better than
flunking .
2-One of the major objections to capital punishment is not that it is ineffective as a deterrent to
crime but that it is so inconsistently administered .
3-The argument for the legalisation of marijuana rests on the contention that the drug is not
addictive .
4-The teacher told the class he was retiring that year , and there was a burst of applause .
5- Although Elvis Presley’s heyday seemed to be over , his popularity underwent a revival .
6-This summer I took a temporary job as a shop assistant in the dress department of a large
store , and it was an experience I shall never forget .
7-The first customers of the morning were the ladies who had come up to town in order to spend
the whole day at the shops .
Basic Sentence Faults
WRITING I 97/99
Sentence Fragment ( FRAG )
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- Examples : a Soul music was gaining popularity . But many people still didn’t know what it
was .
Soul music was gaining popularity , but many people still didn’t know what it
was .
b The President’s budget was the largest in history . Though he had promised to
cut it
The President’s budget was the largest in history , though he had promised to cut
it
c The children were found in the street . The children were homeless .
The children who were found in the street were homeless .
d I stayed at home . I was very tired .
I stayed at home because I was very tired ( Because I was tired , I stayed at
home )
Defragment the following sentences :
1.The Soviet delegate walked out of the meeting .Which was his way of avoiding the issue .
2.Look in the closet .Or look under the bed .
3.We left the party early .We were tired .
4.A man should never wear his best suit . When he goes out to fight for freedom and truth .
5.The bread was old and stale . Martha ate it anyway .
6.Violence is becoming a tool of political dissent . Chiefly because non-violence can so easily be
ignored by the country as a whole .
7.Many doctors refuse to prescribe birth control pills . Some women have had serious side
effects after using the pills .
8. The Beatles decided to stop giving concerts . Just as they were at the peak of their fame .
9.I couldn’t repair my bicycle . I didn’t have the right tools .
10.Paul brings the money for our lunch . We will go right down to the cafeteria .
11.Some English words have the same pronunciation . They are spelt differently , for example ,
deer and dear .
12.The two candidates have identical platforms . The only difference is their party .
13.The cortege at President Kennedy’s funeral was a long one .Rich and poor , young and old ,
all marching side by side .
14.Many young people are considering social work as a career . Not for the money , but for the
sense of satisfaction it provides .
15. He asked a lot of questions and generally managed to annoy everybody . His questions were
none of his business .
16. The millionaire made a public appeal . The millionaire’s son ran away from home a week a go
.
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- 17.He leaped through the window with a crash . Because there was no other way of escaping the
fire .
18.The two candidates have identical platforms . The only difference is their party .
19.Her father died . She was very young .
20.England had a hot climate , The attitude would be different .
21.I didn’t know that she had been married . She seldom talked about herself .
22.I used to love listening to her . I could only understand about half of what she said .
23. The car was quite old . It was in excellent condition .
24.I shall do the exercises . I have been taught .
25.The class ended . The teacher heaved a deep sigh of relief .
Basic Sentence Faults
97/99
WRITING I
Comma Splice , Run together and Faulty agreement
Examples: 1.Revise comma splices and run-together sentences
( by using a co-ordinating conjunction , using semicolon , separating into two sentences , changing one
of the main clauses into subordinating )
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- CommaSplice:Shedislikedschool , shestudiedeveryday.
She disliked school but she studied everyday .
She disliked school ; however , she studied everyday .
She disliked school . She studied everyday .
Although she disliked school , she studied everyday .
Run-together : I did well in classI wasa poor performerat games.
I did well in class but I was a poor performer at games .
Although I did well in class , I was a poor performer at games .
I did well in class ; however , I was a poor performer at games
He wanteda job in fact heneededa job very badly .
He wanted a job ; in fact , he needed a job very badly .
Practice : Revise the following sentences ( indicate the mistake before you revise )
1. The boy closedthedoor hewalkedaway.
2. It wasfoggy , we decidedto stayat home.
3. Somestudentsquestionwhetherliteratureis relevantto them, theyshouldreally beaskingwhetherthey
arerelevantto literature.
4. The childrenhadfinishedtheir lessons, theywenthome.
5. The studentsweretrappedin a caveoneof themhasalreadybeenbroughtout .
6. It is impossible to experimentwith psychedelicdrugscautiously, truecautionwould precludetheir use
entirely .
7. The pollution of air andwatergoeson manyalarmedscientistswarnthatit threatensthesurvival of
people.
8. Any of theseproblemscanbesolved by ordinaryintelligenceandhardwork , noneof themaretoo
difficult for that.
9. Most of Hemingway’snovelshavesimilar subjects, love andwar aretwo of themostfrequent.
10. An addictneedsmoreandmoreheroin heneedsit all time.
11. The U.K . andRed Chinaweretechnically allies howevertheyhavebeenquitea few problemslately.
12. The captainallowedthecrewof thecapturedship to returnhomehekepttheship .
13. Old Thrusseldied, his widow came to meandsaid thathewishedto beburredin thechurchyard .
14. I didn’t know shehadbeenmarried, sheseldomtalkedaboutherself .
15. A greatstormhadbroughtthesearightinto thehousetheyhadbeenforcedto maketheir escapeby a
windowat theback.
16. I usedto reada lot I don’t getmuchtimefor booksnow .
17. To everychild adultapprovalmeanslove , disapprovalmeanshate.
18. The testwasdifficult , hecouldn’t passit .
19. They hada flat tire on theway to theairporttheyarrivedon time.
20. The spideris an insect, it spinsa web.
2. Faulty Agreement :
Examples :
Subject– Verb agreement: The first two chapters of the book were exciting .
with , aswell as, accompaniedby , togetherwith
Peter , as well as his classmates , never thinks about that .
none, neither, any, nor , or None but a fool squanders his time .
None but fools squander his time .
Either you or she has to come .
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- and ( Sheila is my friendandsheis also my teacherandsheis alwayshappy)
My friend and teacher is always happy .
There are only a chair and a table left to auction .
relative He is the only one of the councilmen who is opposed to the plan .
He is one of the best players that have come from Texas .
Pronoun:
anyone, everyone, each,etc. ->his or her , heor she
Every student should finish his or her own assignment .
In the following sentences , correct every error of agreement in accordance with formal style, some of them
are correct :
1. The horsethief , with his two accompanies, havebeenarrested.
2. Neitherthefarmernor thechickenswasawareof theswoopinghawk.
3. As a result, thereis confusion, trouble, anduncertainty.
4. The committeeareunableto agreeon a planof action.
5. The farmer, andnot thecity dweller , feel downheartedwhenagriculturepricesfall .
6. Thirty dollars is morethan a poor family canafford for a pair of shoes.
7. The crux of theurbanproblemareovercrowding andunemployment.
8. The administratortold themilling , showingcrowdhewould not putup with thesesort of tactics.
9. The DemocraticParty lost severalof their congressionalseatsin thelastelection.
10. After thirty , onelosesboththerebelliousnessandtheinventivenessof their early years.
11. Noneof thestudentsin thebiology classcould readtheir own slides.
12. If world peaceis to beassured, eithertheEasternbloc or theWesternbloc mustaltertheir position.
13. Neithertheinstructornor thestudentshasfinishedhis work .
14. No teen- agerappreciates their parents’sacrificesfor them until laterin life .
15. The citizens’ groupsubmittedtheir reportto themayor.
16. The Presidentwith his cabinetmembersaretouringSouthAmerica.
17. Ignoranceis oneof themajor problemsthatafflict thesociety.
18. The DACT is theonly oneof thegroups thataretryingto better conditionsfor experiencedworkers.
19. I alwaysgiveeachof my studentstheattentiontheyneed.
20. Many peopleenjoy readingabouttheNetherlandsandtheir people.
Basic Sentence Faults
WRITING I 97/99
Faulty Reference of Pronouns
1.Two possible antecedents for a pronoun :
Jack told Carl that he was ungrateful
Jack said to Car: “ You are ungrateful”
Whenor presidentmetwith their premier, hefelt a newchapterin historyhadbegun.
Our president felt a new chapter in history had begun when he met with their premier .
2. Antecedentis remotefromthepronoun:
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- The school belongsto thecommunity.Studentsandparentsshouldwork closely with facultyand
administrators in developingprogramsof instruction andrecreation. It could bethemeetingplacefor
communityactivities.
The school … . The school could be the meeting place for community activities .
3.Indefiniteuseof THEY , YOU , IT .
In lessindustrialisedareas, theydo not understandtheproblemsof thecity .
In less industrialised areas , the problems of the city are not understood .
4.Vague useof THIS , THAT , WHICH
The field-and- trackeventswerepoorly supported, which frustratedmanystudents.
That the field-and-track events were poorly supported frustrated many students .
Many students were frustrated by the fact that the field-and-track events were poorly supported .
5.Impliednoun:
Becausewe putthewire fencearoundthechickenyard, theycannotescape.
Because we put the wire fence around the chicken yard , the chickens cannot escape .
1. After Mrs. Henry scoldedlittle Sylvia , sheregrettedher rudeness.
2. Joan told her friendthatsheshouldtakespeechlessons.
3. He droppedtherecordon thephonographarmandbrokeit .
4. Sidneygavehis brothera copy of Catcher in the Rye , which wasoneof his favouritebooks.
5. WhenKathy visitedher mothershewasvery angry.
6. The birdssangin theforest whereundergrowthwasthick , anda brook woundslowly in thevalley .
They wereof manycolours.
7. Shearguedthatyogaexercisesis a meanof achieving relaxation, andthatartists, writers, andeven
office workersfind it necessary.
8. He andhis opponentmadepromisesto thepeopleof thenationto argumentandrevitalisethevarious
povertyprograms. But theyweresoonforgottenaftertheelection.
9. Peopleshouldalwaysvoteon electionday. This is anindicationof their desireto havegood
government.
10. The profit fromtheinvestmentwould belarge, which I realisedalmostimmediately.
11. The governmentpaysfarmersnot to grow crops. This is not helpingto solvetheproblemof hunger
amongpoor people.
12. Thereis a parton thefar sideof themuseum, which is opento thepublic .
13. Shewasself-consciousabouther money.But this didn’t botherher real friends.
14. Tom brother’sanengineer, andthis is theprofessionTom wantsto study.
15. Thereis a policestationnearthechurch, andwe calledthemwhenwe sawbrokenwindows in the
basement.
16. We pluckedoff thefeathersbeforewe roastedthem.
17. BecauseLucy hadneverworkedwith a potter’swheel , shesupposedit waseasy.
18. Whenever Shirley meetsRose, sheseemsannoyed.
For Quick Revision and Further Practice :
Try to make these sentences more effective
1. In everygeneration, you find a generationgap.
2. Sheis a meticuloushousekeeperbecauseshelearnedit whenshewasa child .
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- 3. The delegatesarrivedin twosandthreesfor theemergencysessionat theUN . Interestedspectatorswere
alsostreamingin . They stoppedonly to posefor thepressphotographersat theentrance.
4. Marilyn told SusanthatsheshouldhavenevermarriedJim .
5. The Americanpeoplehaveelecteda number of inadequatepresidents, butCongressas keptthemfrom
runningthecountry.
6. Nationswhich sharea watersourcearealwayson theblink of war . This addsmuchto international
tension.
7. Takethebabyout of thebathwaterandthrowit away.
8. Nuclearweaponsareemployedin a world war , theworld will bedestroyed.
9. Thereis a goodmanyreasonsfor thetensionsbetweenArabsandIsraelis.
10. If a physicianor a lawyercameto this town, they would makea goodliving .
11. Onecanfind a greatdeal of informationon world religionsif theygo to thelibrary.
12. Greenlandis a largeislandfew peoplelive there.
Basic Sentence Faults
WRITING ONE
Faulty Reference of Pronouns , Shift and Misplaced Parts
A Faulty Reference Of Pronouns :
1. There are two antecedents ( nouns ) for only one pronoun.
2. The antecedent is too far from the pronoun .
3. The antecedent is implied
4. Unclear use of THIS , THAT , WHICH
5. Unclear use of THEY , YOU , IT
B Shift :
1. Shift of the subject or the voice ( different subjects )
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- e. g :After we heard the lecture , questions were asked . -> After we heard the lecture , we asked
questions .
2. Shift of personor number
e .g : When one is feeling tired , a candy bar will give you some quick energy ->
: When one ( you are ) is feeling tired , a candy bar will give him or her ( you) …
3. Shift of tenseor mood.
e .g : You should learn about the issues , and then vote …-> You should learn about the issues ,
and then you should vote ….
C MisplacedParts
1.Mispositionof anadverb: He almost seemed amused .-> He seemed almost amused
2.Mispositionof a phrase : Shemetwith a hat a woman->Shemeta womanwith a hat
3.Mispositionof a clause : She borrowed an egg from a neighbour that was rotten ->
She borrowed an egg that was rotten from a neighbour
Identify the faults and revise them :
1. Jack said to Carl that he was ungrateful .
2. He dropped the tape on the video recorder and broke it .
3. Clair told Susan that when she got home she would phone to thank her
mother .
4. The professor have carefully explained the work to Richard and his friend ,
but he still doesn’t understand it .
5. Has Peter talked with Jim about what he owes him .had been at his birthday
party last Saturday night .
6. She argued that yoga exercise is a mean of achieving relaxation , and that
artists , writers , and even office workers find it necessary .
7. Henry would have seen John if he had been at his birthday party last
Saturday night .
8. The delegates arrived in twos and threes for the emergency session at the
UN .Interested spectators were also streaming in . They stopped only to pose
for the press photographers at the entrance .
9. The government pays farmers not to grow crops .This is not helping to solve
the problem of hunger among poor people .
10. The meeting was to elect a new chairman , which members had been
informed .
11. When a teenager begins to lecture to parents , it always makes them feel
uncomfortable
12. Some of the roads were flooded , which made our journey more difficult .
13. She was much kinder to her young children than she was to other
children , which made them jealous .
14. He took the shutters of the window frames and painted them .
15. After learning the lecture on underwater sound experiment , Mr. Brown
had a great admiration for them .
16. In the peace agreement , it said that all American prisoners would be
released.
17. It says almost nothing in the textbook about our real treatment of
Chicanos and their minorities .
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- 18. In some states you are not permitted to drive faster than fifty miles an
hour .
19. First the surface should be carefully cleaned ; then put the glue on .
20. Mr. Jones put putty around all the window panes , and then the broken
window sashes were repainted .
21. You should install a safety belt in your car because they help to save life .
22. I tried cigarette smoking but they made my throat sore .
23. When we smoked cigarettes , they don’t do me any good .
24. I almost read half the book .
25. The earthquake victims needed nurses to bandage their wounds badly .
26. Who is the woman who gave you the candy in the pink dress.
27. He tried to get to know girls with a new approach .
28. The instructor told his students when the class was over they could ask
their questions .
29. The major nations of the world regularly decide to one day in the near
future reduce their armaments .
30. You should , if you ever see a drunken driver , immediately contact the
police .
31. The Soviets tried , although they did not succeed , to establish a missile
base in Cuba .
32. At the convention I saw Mr. Ward , whom I had many years ago met in
Chicago .
Basic Sentence Faults
WRITING I 97/99
Dangling Constructions
1. Dangling Phrases :
A Dangling Participles :
Riding my bicycle , a dog chased me -> When I was riding …., I was chased by a dog.
Mocked at by everyone , I can’t help feeling sorry for Billy ->
I can’t help feeling sorry for Billy who is mocked at by everyone .
B DanglingGerunds:
After considering the plan for several days , it was adopted .
After considering the plan for several days , the committee adopted it .
C Danglinginfinitives:
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- To write effectively , practice is necessary .
To write effectively , students should practice a lot .
2. Danglingelliptical clauses
When a baby , my grandfather gave me a silver cup .
When I was a baby , my grandfather gave me a silver cup .
Revise the following dangling constructions :
1. Sittingat an outdoorcafe, Paris revealsits eternalvariety.
2. Lookingthroughthewindow, thepassers- y canbeseen.
b
3. Steppingcarelesslyinto thestreet, a car knockedhim down.
4. Knowinglittle aboutAsian customs, thefirst Presidenttour wasnot entirely successful .
5. Beingthoroughlydissatisfiedwith thepainting, it washiddenin thestoreroomby Jane.
6. Discoveredmanyyearsago, we find uraniumis a useful metal.
7. On arrivingat thepicnic , themoonwashigh in thesky .
8. Watching theslidescarefully , manyfamiliar scenesappeared.
9. Shoppingin thedepartmentstore, a prettyblousecameto my attention.
10. By checkingtheanswersheet, my errorsbecameclearto me.
11. To dancewell , practiceis needed.
12. To makegoodimpression, a cleanshirt shouldbeworn to Interview.
13. To getwell , an operationis necessaryfor thepatient.
14. To beextrasafe, thelock on thenewapartmentdoor waschanged.
15. The car provedhardto drivewhendrinkingheavily .
16. While cookingdinner, her fingerwasburnedbadly .
17. Whenin grammarschool , his teacherstaughthim to read.
18. If lost , we shall paya rewardfor thering .
19. Whensick , seea doctorat once.
20. With a greatdeal of effort , his courseswerepassed.
21. Whenplantingtheseflowerscaremustbetakennot to damagetheroots.
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- 22. Readingthelettera secondtime, themeaningbecomesclearer.
23. Whenpayingby cheque, a bankcardshouldbeshown.
24. Barkingfuriously , I led thedog out of theroom.
25. Tied to a post, theseawastossingtheboatup anddown.
26. Shinningin thesky , we sawthefirst star.
27. Rushingout of thehouse, a lorry knockedmeover .
28. Droppedby parachute, thecountryseemedentirely unfamiliar .
29. Pinnedto thedoor by a knife , themansawa notice.
30. Havingpaid my taxes, theamountleft in thebankis hardly worthmentioning.
Basic Sentence Faults
WRITING I 98/00
Omission & Incomplete , Illogical comparisons
1-Prepositions , articles , auxiliary verbs , etc .
This type novel is difficult to understand .
2-Words necessary to the clarity of the sentence :
He wanted to and would have taken her home if his car had not broken down on the country
lane .
3-Transitions :
Hemmingway lived in Paris ; the setting for his stories was Africa .
4-Comparisons :
He’s the best President of any .
His face is like a movie star .
Revise the following sentences :
1. I havebeentryingto decidewhich makecar I would buy if I hadthemoney.
2. Henry wasinterestedandskilful at photography .
3. I neverwill andneverhaveriddenin anair -plane.
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- 4. I havelivedin severallargecities, New York andChicago.
5. Faulknerwroteof theSouth; his wasa universalmessage.
6. Casual dressis gettingacceptance; somepeoplestill frown on it .
7. The buildinghereareas impressiveas anyothercity .
8. Sheis a very kind , if not thekindest , womanI know .
9. The businesselementwasmoreheavily represented in thelast cabinet.
10. I like her morethanher sister.
11. Harvardgenerally acceptsmorestudentsfromtheNortheastthanothers.
12. The letterwasmailedanhour agoby thenewclerk with theredminiskirt in thecornermailbox
13. Millicentwentto work in thetheatreafterbeinggraduatedfromhigh school as a chorusgirl .
14. He hadforgottenhow tall theskyscraperswereaftera yearin Africa hehadgrownmoreusedto thatched
huts.
15. On theway to office , Richardstoppedto buy a morningpaper.
16. Lying on thebeachwerea towel , a redball , and brokentennisracket.
17. It wasso pleasantdaythatwe saton thepatio for hours.
18. He is bothinterestedin anddedicatedcancerresearch.
19. The glasseswerewashedandthesilver polished.
20. We sawAlex, if not warned, would drive off thehighwayandontotheshoulder.
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- A Quick Test
WRITING I 98/00
A. Identify the following sentences as complex , compound , complex-compound sentences :
1-Povertydeprivesmanychildrenof theeducationwhich is rightfully theirs.
2-Eisteinsaid thata manhasat themostonly oneor two ideasin his lifetime.
3-A manshouldwearhis bestsuit whenhegoesout to fight for freedomandtruth.
4-I left thebagin thebusandI haveno hopeof gettingit back.
5-When his appointment ceased he did not return to his home country and he has not been
there since 1979 .
6-Clearly these people are not insane , nor are they fools .
7-I was never allowed to do things the way I wanted to do them .
8-He holds his head forward as if he has hit it too often on low doorways .
9-She has to rely on whatever books were lying around here .
10-Was the mine laid in the harbour or did it drift in from the Gulf of Mexico ?
B. Revise the following sentences or passages to make them more effective :
1-BaboagazeduponthebroadPacific his heartwasfilled with awe.
2-They wantedto go out . They could alwayscounton meto staywith thebaby.
3-He gaineda B in Englishnow heplansto studySpanish.
4-I couldn’t feel angeragainsthim, I liked him too much.
5-He neversaysa word . Unlesshefeels he’s beingthreatenedin someway .
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- 6-Soul musicwasgainingpopularity. But manypeoplestill didn’t know whatit was.
7-The U.S.S.R. andRed Chinaweretechnically allies howevertherehavebeenquitea few problemslately .
8-It wasnecessaryfor themto find a roof to live under. The cold weathersetin .
9-The witnesswasunwilling to testify , hewasafraidof theaccusedman.
10-Crocodilesareinactivefor long periods. On occasiontheycanrun very fastindeed.
11-He wanteda job , heneededa job very badly .
12-It’s bestto beas short, clearandfactualas possible. Theremaybeno misunderstanding.
13-He wasstill in thestable. Therewasa loud knock at thefront door .
14-I stayedtheretalkingto them, I sawSamWardleavethebuilding.
15-Crimerateshavebeenincreasingrapidly thereforedemandsfor theenforcementof law andorderincrease
rapidly .
A Quick Test
WRITING I 98/00
Try to make the following sentences or passages more effective :
1-The President’sbudgetwasthelargestin history. Thoughhehadpromisedto cut it .
2-The captainallowedthecrewof thecapturedship to returnhomehekepttheship .
3-Throughoutthe1960’s, whencivil rightsbills werebeingpassed, SenatorFulbrightwasconsidereda
liberal , in spite of this healwaysvotedagainstthem.
4-The coach, aswell as theplayers, werehappyover thevictory .
5-Oneof themaincomplaintsof thestudentsarethemanyrequiredcoursesforceduponthem.
6-Everybodyheld their breath.
7-No teenagerappreciatestheir parents’sacrificesfor themuntil laterin life .
8-Althougheveryonewantstherightto vote, theydon’t all exercisethatrightat electiontime.
9-The Presidentwith his cabinetmembersaretouringSouthAmerica.
10-Jack saidto Carl , “ I amungrateful .”
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- 11-If Hitler hadbehaveddifferentlywith Stalin , hemightnot havehadto taketheactionhedid .
12-Georgehada dogwith fleaswhich hewasalwaysscratching .
13-The school belongsto thecommunity. Studentsandparentsshouldwork closely with facultyand
administratorsin developingprogramsof instructionandrecreation. It could bethemeetingplacefor
communityactivities.
14-Martin LutherKing wasdedicatedto non-violence, which influencedhim to becomea minister.
15-Migrantfarmworkersarenot protectedby thestate’slabourlaws , andthis shouldbecorrected
immediately.
16-Dad told Rosethathestayedup watchingtelevisiontoo late.
17-In Central Americayou hearof revolutionseveryfew months.
18- It saysalmostnothingin thetextbooksaboutour real treatmentof Chicanosandotherminorities.
19-In theVictorianera, theynevertalkedaboutsexin public .
20-In lessindustrializedareas, theydo not understandtheproblemsof thecity .
A Quick Test
WRITING I 98/00
Try to make the following sentences or passages more effective :
1- Marla rodethehorsefor severalhoursthenshewalkedhimaroundthering .
2- He hadcheckedtheyardfor footprints, heenteredthedento questionthefamily members.
3-Many snakesarepoisonouspeopleavoid them.
4-John F. Kennedywasa well-knownpersonheestablishedthePeaceCorps.
5-It only took two daysto getthereby train.
6-He washopingto by theendof theyearfind a job .
7-To logically think in Englishis my goal .
8- We almosthavewrittentwentycompositionthis semester.
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- 9- The mansionwasconstructedby a newcompanywhich thegovernorlives in .
10-Hiding in thebushes, thepolicemanfoundtherobber.
11-Sheoncehearda recordof his , butsheneverseeshim in person.
12-Whenwe reachedthestation, it is well aftermidnight.
13-A crateof applesandorangeshavebeendeliveredto our doorsteps.
14-The manandhis assistantis pleasedwith thenewoffice .
15-A numberof studentsfails everytest.
16-A parentshouldneverallow themselvesto neglecttheir children.
17-If anyonehasa question, I’ll seethemafterclass.
18-Sinceshehadneverappearedon a stagebefore, shenearly wasfaint fromfright.
19-The U.S. Constitutionjust dockedherelastweek.
20-Reportswill only becompletedafterall final examinationsarefinished.
21-The audiencewatchedthego-go dancerswith admiringeyes.
22-The boy wasrescuedafterhewasnearly drownedby a lifeguard.
23-Therewasa canaryin thecagethatneversang.
24-He boughta GreatDanefroma neighbourthatwasalreadyhouse–broken.
25- Sheuseshair colouringon her hair which shebuyswholesale.
26-No matterwhatpolitical partyonebelongsto , you shouldlistento all thecandidates.
27- Whenyou havegoodhealth,oneshouldfeel fortunate.
28-If you usehighly fired chinain your dishwasher, it will lastlonger.
29-He markedthedistancefromthecrosswalkto thecurb, andthena heavyyellow line waspaintedacross.
30-After a hot fire wasbuilt by thecampers, theydriedtheir wet clothing.
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- A Quick Test
WRITING I 98/00
Try to make the following sentences or passages more effective :
1-Many scientistsbelievethatchemical fertilizersareno lessnaturalthancompostingor manurenevertheless
naturalfood fanaticsrejectchemical fertilizersbutnot compost.
2-The governmentpaysfarmersnot to grow crops. This is not helpingto solvetheproblemof hungeramong
poor people.
3-After hearingthelectureon underwatersoundexperimentation, Mr. Eldon hada greatadmirationfor them
.
4-He took theshuttersoff thewindowframes, andpaintedthem.
5-In thefirst few versesof theBible , it describesthecreationof theworld .
6-Throughoutthedevelopmentof theWest, theydrovebacktheIndiansandtook their land.
7-After a pathwasdugthroughthesnowby thechildren, theybegancoastingon their sleds.
8-The mostplentiful supply of gold in theworld is foundin SouthAfrica while Mexico leadsin silver mining
.
9- David wasa fine archer, buthis strengthwasnot greatenoughto pull thatheavybow .
10- If a personpracticesdiligently , theycanbecomean expertarcher.
11-A public opinionpoll is basedon a crosssectionof thepopulation, buttheyhaveoccasionally been
wrong.
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- 12-Most peopleenjoy a novel by Tolstoy becausetheir charactersareso interesting.
13-Shemerelyrefusedour offer of help becauseshewantedto beindependent.
14- The furnaceexplodedafterthepatronsleft thetheatrewith a loud crash.
15-He stoppedthecarebeforethehouseon thestreetwith a greenshutters.
16-Shewasknittingsocksfor her childrenthatwerewarm.
17-Shepromisedon her way hometo visit him.
18-The passengersweretold whenit wasnoontheplanwould takeoff .
19-It’s helpful to immediatelysendin your tax returnafterthefirst monthof theyear.
20-Shefound, afteran hour’s search, themoneyhiddenundertherug .
21-After releasingthesuspect, newevidencewassubmittedto thepolice.
22- By ridingin an airplane, thelandscapeacquiresa newbeauty.
23-To bea goodcitizen, someknowledgeof governmentproceduresis necessary.
24-While rowingon thelake, theboatoverturned.
25-He madeit seemhewantedto becaught.
26-Which brandtoothpastereducescavities?
27- He finally decidedto andeventually woundup givingup smoking.
28-He wantedandwould havetakenher homeif his car hadnot brokendownon thecountrylane.
29-Shetriedto not carelesslyhurtthekitten.
30-In inspectingthecar , a largedenwasfoundin thefender.
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- Revision Test D
WRITING I 97/99
Study the following sentences :
A* Sentence fragment : changethePoint into Semi Colon , Commaor usea Subordinator( because, when
, assoonas, if , although,etc. )
1-The President’sbudgetwasthelargestin history. Thoughhehadpromisedto cut it .
B * Comma splice : comma(,) to connecttwo mainclauses:
2-The witnesswasunwilling to testify( mainclause), hewasafraidof theaccusedman. ( mainclause)
C * Run together ( fusedsentences) : thereis no punctuationandthereareatleasttwo mainclauses
3- Shedislikedschool( mainclause) shestudiedeveryday( mainclause).
D * Faulty Agreement : disagreementof singularandplural nouns, subjects, pronouns.
( with , together with , accompanied by , as well as ->goeswith thefirst subject)
( neither ….nor , either …or ->goeswith thesecondsubject)
( oneof the+plural noun+singularverb/ oneof the+plural noun+who , which , that, whom+plural
verb/ oneof theonly plural noun+who , which , that, whom+singularverb)
( everyone ->his or her , himor her , heor she, etc.)
4-The horsethief , with his two accomplices, havebeenhanged.
5-The Vietnamconflict wasonly oneof severalissuesthathaveevokedpublic dissent.
6-Oneof themaincomplaintsof thestudentsarethemanyrequiredcoursesforceduponthem.
7-Everybodyhastheir own solutionto theraceproblem.
8-Thesekind of strawberriestastewell .
E * Faulty reference of pronouns :
E .1 One pronoun with two nouns :
9-Plaul told Jake thathewantedto go abroad.
E. 2 The pronoun is too far from the noun :
10-He andhis opponentmadepromisesto thepeopleof thenationto argumentandrevitalizethevarious
povertyprograms. But theyweresoonforgottenaftertheelection.
E. 3 This , that , which -> the fact that , that
11-Migrantfarmworkersarenot protectedby thestate’slabourlaws , andthis shouldbecorrected
immediately.
( sometimesit is necessaryto movethesecondpartto thebeginning: The meeting is to elect a new chairman
. This is informed to all members -> All members are informed that the meeting is to elect a new chairman .)
E. 4 There is no noun ( antecedent ) for the pronoun .
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nguon tai.lieu . vn
