Sách English Style Guide

European Commission Directorate-General for Translation English Style Guide A handbook for authors and translators in the European Commission Seventh edition: August 2011 Last updated: March 2012 The English Style Guide is updated regularly. For the latest version, see http://ec.europa.eu/translation/english/guidelines/documents/styleguide_english_dgt_en.pdf For what’s new, see http://ec.europa.eu/translation/english/guidelines/documents/whats_new_style_guide_en.pdf English Style Guide CONTENTS Introduction................................................................................ 1 Part I Writing English.................................................................... 3 1 SPELLING.........................................................................................................5 CONVENTIONS ..............................................................................................5 INTERFERENCE EFFECTS............................................................................7 CAPITAL LETTERS........................................................................................8 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES...........................................................................10 HYPHENS AND COMPOUND WORDS .....................................................12 2 PUNCTUATION .............................................................................................15 FULL STOP....................................................................................................15 COLON...........................................................................................................15 SEMICOLON .................................................................................................16 COMMA.........................................................................................................16 DASHES.........................................................................................................18 BRACKETS....................................................................................................19 QUESTION MARK........................................................................................19 EXCLAMATION MARK ..............................................................................20 QUOTATION MARKS..................................................................................20 APOSTROPHE...............................................................................................21 3 NUMBERS.......................................................................................................22 WRITING OUT NUMBERS..........................................................................23 FRACTIONS...................................................................................................24 RANGES.........................................................................................................24 DATES AND TIMES.....................................................................................25 4 ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS................................................................26 ABBREVIATIONS.........................................................................................26 MATHEMATICAL SYMBOLS ....................................................................29 SCIENTIFIC SYMBOLS AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT...................29 5 FOREIGN IMPORTS......................................................................................31 FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES IN ENGLISH TEXT.........................31 ROMANISATION SYSTEMS.......................................................................31 6 VERBS.............................................................................................................32 SINGULAR OR PLURAL AGREEMENT....................................................32 PRESENT PERFECT/SIMPLE PAST...........................................................33 TENSES IN MINUTES..................................................................................33 VERBS IN LEGISLATION ...........................................................................34 9 March 2012 i English Style Guide SPLIT INFINITIVE........................................................................................36 THE GERUND AND THE POSSESSIVE.....................................................37 7 LISTS...............................................................................................................38 8 SCIENCE GUIDE...........................................................................................39 SCIENTIFIC NAMES....................................................................................39 9 FOOTNOTES, CITATIONS AND REFERENCES..........................................41 10 CORRESPONDENCE.....................................................................................42 11 NAMES AND TITLES .....................................................................................44 PERSONAL NAMES AND TITLES.............................................................44 NAMES OF BODIES.....................................................................................45 12 GENDER-NEUTRAL LANGUAGE ................................................................46 Part II About the European Union ...................................................49 13 THE EUROPEAN UNION..............................................................................51 14 PRIMARY LEGISLATION ..............................................................................52 THE TREATIES — AN OVERVIEW...........................................................52 THE TREATIES IN DETAIL ........................................................................53 TREATY CITATIONS...................................................................................55 15 SECONDARY LEGISLATION ........................................................................56 LEGISLATIVE PROCEDURES....................................................................57 TITLES AND NUMBERING ........................................................................57 STRUCTURE OF ACTS................................................................................60 REFERRING TO SUBDIVISIONS OF ACTS..............................................61 16 THE EU INSTITUTIONS................................................................................62 COMMISSION...............................................................................................62 COUNCIL.......................................................................................................63 EUROPEAN COUNCIL.................................................................................64 EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT.........................................................................64 COURT OF JUSTICE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION .................................65 COURT OF AUDITORS................................................................................67 EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL COMMITTEE...........................67 COMMITTEE OF THE REGIONS................................................................67 EUROPEAN CENTRAL BANK....................................................................67 OTHER FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ........................................................68 AGENCIES.....................................................................................................68 17 REFERENCES TO OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS...........................................68 THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL...........................................................................68 BULLETIN AND GENERAL REPORT .......................................................69 18 EU FINANCES................................................................................................69 BUDGET ........................................................................................................70 ii 9 March 2012 English Style Guide FUNDS FINANCED FROM THE BUDGET................................................71 OTHER FUNDS .............................................................................................71 19 MEMBER STATES..........................................................................................72 PERMANENT REPRESENTATIONS/REPRESENTATIVES ....................72 NATIONAL PARLIAMENTS.......................................................................73 NATIONAL JUDICIAL BODIES..................................................................73 NATIONAL LEGISLATION.........................................................................73 20 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES AND CURRENCIES.............................................74 OFFICIAL LANGUAGES.............................................................................74 CURRENCIES................................................................................................75 21 EXTERNAL RELATIONS................................................................................75 Annexes....................................................................................79 Annex 1 TRANSLITERATION TABLE FOR GREEK...............................................81 Annex 2 TRANSLITERATION TABLE FOR CYRILLIC...........................................85 Annex 3 FORMS OF ADDRESS...............................................................................87 Companion volume: Country Compendium 9 March 2012 iii ... - tailieumienphi.vn