Reporters on the Battlefield

CHILD POLICY CIVIL JUSTICE EDUCATION ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECURITY POPULATION AND AGING PUBLIC SAFETY SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SUBSTANCE ABUSE TERRORISM AND HOMELAND SECURITY TRANSPORTATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE This PDF document was made available from www.rand.org as a public service of the RAND Corporation. Jump down to document6 The RAND Corporation is a nonprofit research organization providing objective analysis and effective solutions that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors around the world. Support RAND Purchase this document Browse Books & Publications Make a charitable contribution For More Information Visit RAND at www.rand.org Explore RAND National Security Research Division View document details Limited Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law as indicated in a notice appearing later in this work. This electronic representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for non-commercial use only. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents. This product is part of the RAND Corporation monograph series. RAND monographs present major research findings that address the challenges facing the public and private sectors. All RAND mono-graphs undergo rigorous peer review to ensure high standards for research quality and objectivity. 3FQPSUFST POUIF #BUUMFGJFME 4HE %MBEDDED 0RESS 3YSTEM IN (ISTORICAL #ONTEXT #HRISTOPHER 0AUL s *AMES * +IM !PPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED 4HIS REPORT RESULTS FROM THE 2!.$ #ORPORATIONS CONTINUING PROGRAM OF SELFINITIATED RESEARCH 3UPPORT FOR SUCH RESEARCH IS PROVIDED IN PART BY DONORS AND BY THE INDEPENDENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROVISIONS OF 2!.$S CONTRACTS FOR THE OPERATION OF ITS 53 $EPARTMENT OF $EFENSE FEDERALLY FUNDED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTERS ,IBRARY OF #ONGRESS #ATALOGINGIN0UBLICATION $ATA 0AUL #HRISTOPHER n 2EPORTERS ON THE BATTLEFIELD THE EMBEDDED PRESS SYSTEM IN HISTORICAL CONTEXT #HRISTOPHER 0AUL *AMES * +IM P CM )NCLUDES BIBLIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCES h-`v )3". PBK 7ARˆ0RESS COVERAGE )RAQ 7AR ˆ0RESS COVERAGE ) +IM *AMES * )) 4ITLE 0.70 gˆDC 4HE 2!.$ #ORPORATION IS A NONPROFIT RESEARCH ORGANIZATION PROVIDING OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS AND EFFECTIVE SOLUTIONS THAT ADDRESS THE CHALLENGES FACING THE PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTORS AROUND THE WORLD 2!.$S PUBLICATIONS DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE OPINIONS OF ITS RESEARCH CLIENTS AND SPONSORS ® IS A REGISTERED TRADEMARK #OVER DESIGN BY 3TEPHEN "LOODSWORTH Ú #OPYRIGHT 2!.$ #ORPORATION !LL RIGHTS RESERVED .O PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM BY ANY ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL MEANS INCLUDING PHOTOCOPYING RECORDING OR INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM 2!.$ 0UBLISHED BY THE 2!.$ #ORPORATION -AIN 3TREET 0/ "OX 3ANTA -ONICA #! 3OUTH (AYES 3TREET !RLINGTON 6! .ORTH #RAIG 3TREET 3UITE 0ITTSBURGH 0! 2!.$ 52, HTTPWWWRANDORG 4O ORDER 2!.$ DOCUMENTS OR TO OBTAIN ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONTACT $ISTRIBUTION 3ERVICES 4ELEPHONE &AX %MAIL ORDER RANDORG Preface While the history of relations between the press and the military pre-dates modern journalism, much of what had gone before was neu-tralized by the horrible press-military breakdown that occurred dur-ing U.S. involvement in Vietnam. By the end of the Vietnam War, press-military trust was at an all time low, and antagonism on both sides at an all time high. Many in the press, feeling repeatedly misled, reported ongoing events in an unfavorable light; many in the military felt betrayed by this “inappropriate” and negative press coverage and wanted to have nothing further to do with the press. Following Viet-nam, the tension between First Amendment protections, generally accepted citizen “right to know,” and military resistance and desire for operational secrecy has led press-military relations through several different institutional forms. First, the complete exclusion of the press from the intervention in Grenada, followed by the better but less-than-satisfactory “press pool” systems used in Panama and during the first Gulf War, and the “turning of the tables” in Haiti and Somalia, where the press was in country before the troops, concluding (for the present) with the “embedded press” system, in which journalists are attached to, and travel with specific military units. The embedded press system appears to be the best solution to date at balancing the needs of the three core constituencies (the press, the military, and the public); the questions remain whether that appearance is correct, what improvements remain to be made, and what, if any, vulnerabili-ties (for any of the constituents) the embedded press system creates. iii ... - tailieumienphi.vn