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FOREWORD
Dear reađers,
This booklet can be used to improve your English pronunciation
because you can ílnd in it:
- suitable pronunciation lessons for leamers of pre-intermediate
and interm ediate levels.
- short and clear descriptions of how to shape your tongue in
order to produce certain sounds correctly.
- summaries of the relationship betiveen spellings and sounds.
- ivords and sentences for practice and transcription.
- special Iessons on consonant clusters, Ịrequently mispronounced
ivords, silent letters and homonyms.
- sections dealing wìth word stress, phrase stress, sentence stress,
strong and weak forms, rhythm and intonation.
- a lot of exercises to apply what has been treated.
When íĩnishing this course, you’ll get the íbundation for a better
English pronunciation thanks to the exposure to almost all the
im portant aspects of speech training. These aspects are of practical,
not academic value. They are easy to understand and practise.
Thereíore, all kinds of English learners can get access to them.
We hope th a t this material will bring beneíĩts to those who wish
to gain a good and Standard English accent.
LE VAN SU
Vice Director
Dong Nai Iníbrmatics & Foreign
Languages Centre
s
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LỜI MỞ ĐẦU
B ạn đọc th â n m ến,
Tập sách nhỏ này có th ể được dùng để trau dồi cách p h á t âm
tiếng A nh của bạn bởi lẽ các bạn có th ể tìm th ấy tro n g đó:
- Những bài học về p h át âm thích hợp với các học viên tr ìn h độ
tiền trung cấp và tru n g cấp.
- N hững giải th ích ngắn gọn và rõ rà n g về cách đ ịn h h ìn h lưỡi để
p h át những âm nào đó cho đúng.
- Những tóm tắ t về sự liên hệ giữa ch ữ viết và ấ m đọc.
- N hững từ và câu đ ể luyện tập và p h iên âm.
- Những bài học đặc b iệ t về cụm p h ụ âm, n h ữ ng từ thường ph á t
âm sai, m ẫu tự câm và từ đồng âm d ị nghĩa.
- Các phần đề cập đến trọng âm của từ, cụm và câu, dạng m ạnh
yếu, nhịp điệu và ngữ điệu.
- N hiều bài tậ p áp dụng những diều vừa được dề cập đến.
Khi kết thúc giáo trìn h này, bạn sẽ có được nền tản g cho việc
p hát âm tiếng A nh k h ả quan hơn nhờ được cọ xát với hầu như tấ t cả
các khía cạnh quan trọng của việc luyện âm. N hững k h ía cạn h này
m ang tín h thực hành , chứ không học th u ật. Chúng dễ hiểu và dễ thực
hành. Vì vậy, tấ t cả các loại học viên đều có th ể tiếp cận chúng.
Chúng tôi hi vọng rằn g tà i liệu này sẽ m ang lại lợi ích cho những
ai mong muôn có được giọng chuẩn tiến g A nh tốt.
LÊ VẮN S ự
Phó G iám Đốc
Trung Tâm T in Học - N goại Ngữ
Đồng N ai
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CONTENTS
F0REW 0RD.....................................................................................................5
Part One
44 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS
OF PRE ỈNTERMEDIATE LEVEL
Lesson 1 ENGLISH SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBOLS............................... 13
Lesson 2 THE ENGLISH VOWELS / i:/ and /i/............................................... 15
Lesson 3 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/............................................................ 17
Lesson 4 THE ENGLISH VOWEL Ix l ........................................................... 18
Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/........................................................... 19
Lesson 6 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/............................................................ 20
Lesson 7 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te:/........................................................... 21
Lesson 8 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/............................................................ 22
Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOVVEL /u:/........................................................... 23
Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/............................................................ 24
Lesson 11 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te/ ............................................................ 25
Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL te:/.............................. 27
Lesson 13 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e i/................................................... 28
Lesson 14 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHING teo / ................................................... 29
Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / a i/................................................... 30
Lesson 16 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ao /.................................................. 31
Lesson 17 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / di / ................................................... 32
Lesson 18 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG / id / ................................................... 33
Lesson 19 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e a /.................................................. 34
Lesson 20 THE ENGLISH DÍPHTHONG /o a/.................................................. 35
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Lesson 21 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ + /b/..............................................36
Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH COIMSONANTS /ư + /d/.............................................. 37
Lesson 23 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /k/ + /g / .............................................39
Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ & /v/............................................. 41
Lesson 25 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /0/ + /ỗ /............................................. 43
Lesson 26 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /s/ and /z/.......................................... 45
Lesson 27 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /J7 & /3/ ............................................ 47
Lesson 28 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /tJ7 and / d y ...................................... 49
Lesson 29 THE ENIGLISH CONSONANT /h/.........................................................52
Lesson 30 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / y ..........................................................53
Lesson 31 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /m/........................................................55
Lesson 32 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /n/ & /ịj/ ............................................ 57
Lesson 33 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /r/..........................................................59
Lesson 34 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / j / .........................................................61
Lesson 35 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /w /........................................................62
Lesson 36 PRONUNCIATION OF THE ENDINGS - S & E D ......... 63
Lesson 37 RULES OF PRONUNCIATION - SYLLABIC CONSONANTS -
CONSONANT CLUSTERS.......................... ......................................65
Lesson 38 TWO-CONSONANT CLUSTERS AT THE END OF WORDS...................67
Lesson 39 T H R E E - or FOUR-CONSONANT CLUSTERS
AT THE END OF W ORDS................................................................... 68
Lesson 40 FREQUENTLY MISPRONOUNCED W O RD S......................................... 70
Lesson 41 FREQUENTLY MISPRONOUNCED W O RD S......................................... 71
Lesson 42 SILENT LETTERS.............................................................................. 72
Lesson 43 SILENT LETTER S.............................................................................. 73
Lesson 44 H OM ONYM S...................................................................................... 74
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Part Two
40 PRONUNCIATION LESSONS FOR LEARNERS
OF INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
Lesson 1 APPROACH TO THE COURSE.........................................................77
Lesson 2 PHONETIC SYMBOLS - ARTICULATION - SPEECH ORGANS.......... 78
Lesson 3 ENGLISH SOUNDS........................................................................82
Lesson 4 PHONEMIC TRANSCRIPTION - WORD STRESS............................. 85
Lesson 5 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /i:/............................................................ 86
Lesson 6 THE ENGLISH VOWEL lì/..................................... 87
Lesson 7 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /e/............................................................ 89
Lesson 8 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /x / ........................................................... 91
Lesson 9 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a:/........................................................... 93
Lesson 10 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /d/............................................................ 94
Lesson 11 THE ENGLISH VOWEL h :l ........................................................... 95
Lesson 12 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/.............................................................. 97
Lesson 13 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /u:/........................................................... 98
Lesson 14 THEENGLISH VOWEL /a/ ............................................................ 100
Lesson 15 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a/.......................................................... 102
Lesson 16 THE ENGLISH VOWEL /3:/..........................................................103
Lesson 17 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e i/..................................................104
Lesson 18 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a i/..................................................107
Lesson 19 THE ENoLISH DIPHTHONG h i i ..................................................108
Lesson 20 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /13Ỉ....................................... 109
Lesson 21 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /e s /..................................... 110
Lesson 22 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /03/.................................................112
Lesson 23 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /ao/.................................................113
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Lesson 24 THE ENGLISH DIPHTHONG /a o /..................................................... 115
Lesson 25 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /p/ AND /b/.......................................116
Lesson 26 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /ư AND /d/........................................119
Lesson 27 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS ỉk/ AND /g/........................................ 122
Lesson 28 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /f/ AND /v/......................................... 124
Lesson 29 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /0/ AND /ỗ/............................................ 127
Lesson 30 THE ENGLISH CONTRAST /s/ AND / z / ............................................ 130
Lesson 31 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS /J/ AND /3/ .........................................133
Lesson 32 THE ENGLISH CONSONANTS / ự / AND / d y ..................................... 135
Lesson 33 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /h/........................................................138
Lesson 34 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT m ........................................................ 139
Lesson 35 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /m /...................................................... 141
Lesson 36 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /n/....................................................... 142
Lesson 37 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /ĩ)/....................................................... 144
Lesson 38 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT /r/.........................................................146
Lesson 39 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT / j / ........................................................147
Lesson 40 THE ENGLISH CONSONANT/w/.........................................................148
Part Three
ENGLISH ACCENTUATION, RHYTHM AND INTONATION
(21 LESSONS)
Lesson 1 W0RD S T R E S S ..................................................................................151
Lesson 2 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR PRIMARY
STRESS - COMPOUND NOUNS........... ............................................ 157
Lesson 3 PHRASE AND SENTENSE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY S T R E S S ...... 159
Lesson 4 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MINOR W EAK S T R ESS ............. 161
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Lesson 5 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NOUN MODIFIERS....................................................................163
Lesson 6 PHRASE AND SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NOUN MODIFIERS (confd)................ 165
Lesson 7 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- VE R B S.................................................................................... 167
Lesson 8 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NOUNS...... .............................................................................. 170
Lesson 9 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- ADVERBS.................................................................................171
Lesson 10 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
- NEGATIVES ............................................................................ 173
Lesson 11 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MAJOR SECONDARY STRESS
-O T H E R WORDS........................................................................ 174
Lesson 12 PHRASE and SENTENCE STRESS MINOR TERTIARY STRESS
- TWO WORD VE R B S................................................................. 176
Lesson 13 STRONG and WEAK FORMS........................................................ 178
Lesson 14 ENGLISH RHYTHM......................................................................184
Lesson 15 RISING - FALLING INTONATION................................................. 188
Lesson 16 RISING INTONATION...................................................................192
Lesson 17 COMBINATION OF RÍSING-FALLING INTONATION andRISING ONE 195
Lesson 18 SUSTAINED INTONATION.............................................................198
Lesson 19 GRAPHIC INTONATION (Ngữ Điệu Qua Biểu Đồ)............................ 200
Lesson 20 APPENDIX 1: STRESS 0F COMPOUND WORDS............................ 208
Lesson 21 APPENDIX 2: STRESS OF WORD PAIRS OF 2 SYLLABLES........... 210
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PART ONE
44 PRONUNCỈATION
LESSONS FOR LEARNERS OF
PRE-INTERMEDIATE LEVEL
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Lesson 1
ENGLISH SOUNDS AND PHONETIC SYMBQLS
E n g lis h s o u n d s a re d e s c r ib le d ÍI1 the form of phonetic symbols:
I. 12 V O W ELS
1. /i:/ Seat. /s i:ư 7. /n/ not /nnt/
2. /i/ sit /sit/ 8. /u:/ too /tu:/
3. /e/ vvhen Aven/ 9. /o/ look /lok/
4. /x/ cat /k x ư 10. / a / up /.\p/
5. /a :/ hard /ha:d/ 11. /3/ bird /ba:d/
6. h ' J sort /sa:t/ 12. /n/ a /o/
II. 8 DIPHTHONGS
1. /ei/ day /dei/ 5. /ca/ chaír /t feo/
2. /ai/ my /m ai/ 6. /oa/ tour 'loa/
3. / di/ boy /bai/ 7. /ao/ go /íiao/
4. /la/ here /hia/ 8. /ao/ now /nao/
III. 24 CONSONANTS
1. /p/ pen /pen/ 13. /J/ shoe /Ju:/
2. /b/ big /big/ 14. / 3/ pleasure /ple’3a/
3. /ư ĩwo /tu:/ 15. /tj/ church / t j 3:tj/
4. /d/ do /du:/ 16. l ả y judge /d 3,\d 3/
5. /ky lo o k / lo k / 17. /m/ meet /mì:ư
6. /g/ get /se t/ 18. /n/ no /nao/
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7. /f/ fall /fo:l/ 19. / ịj/ sing /siịj/
8. /v/ van /vaen/ 20. /h/ who /hu:/
9. /6/ th in k /0iỊjk/ 21. /1/ long /log/
10. /ố/ then /õen/ 22. /r/ rig h t /ralư
11. /s/ see /si:/ 23. /w/ will /wil/
12. /z/ zoo /zu:/ 24. /j/ yet /je ư
SUM M ARY
VOISELESS p t 0 k f s t s
VOICED b d ỗ g V z 3 d3
1 m n í) h w r j
i: I e X a: A
3 3: 3: D u: o
ei 31 ai 30
ao 13 es 03
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Lesson 2
THE ENGLÍSH VOWELS
/i:/ and /ì/
I. DESCRIPTION
/i:/
1. The front of the tongue is raised.
2. The mouth is nearly closed.
3. The lips are spread.
4. There is little space between th e jaws.
/ư
1. The front of the tongue is raised.
2. The mouth is half close.
3. The lips are spread.
4. The jaw s are a little more apart for /1/.
II. SPELLING
lĩl
1. Lẹtter A in the íinal ate, age...
Ex: intim ate, delicate, village, cottage
2. Letter E in the preíĩxes be, de, re.
Ex: begin, become, decide, retum
3. EY: money, storey.
But key /ki:/
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4. L etter I in words of monosyllable ending w ith i + consonant.
E x: bit, sit, dim , him , twin.
5. UI: build, guilt, guitar, equivalent, colloquial
But mosquito (m oskw i:’t30)
6. Y in an unstressed syllable of a word.
Ex: copy, candy, quality, gravity, slowly.
But qualiíy, modify...
/i:/
1. L etter E before th e íìn al form: consonant + e.
Ex: be, he, she, me
scene. complete. Vietnam ese
2. EA: easy, east, dean, heat, neat, dream , beam , b reath e,
creature.
3. EE: see, free, agree, heel, screen, cheese, guarantee.
4. EI: seize. ceiling- deceive. receive. receipt.
5. L etter I in some words from th e F rench origin.
Ex: m achíne, regím e, m ándoline, sardíne, routíne, m agazíne,
chem íse (J a mi:z)
6. IE: w hen it is inside voweis of a word.
Ex: grief, chief, believe, belief
III. PRACTICE
ỉìỉ S e n te n c e s :
seen sin 1. I see the green sea.
leave live
2. We crossed th e seạ in th re e w eeks
Seat sit
3. This is a big City.
sheep ship
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reach rích 4. It is half past six.
feel ÍI11
Lesson 3
THE EN6LISH VOWEl /e/
I. DESCRIPTION
/e/
1. The front of the tongue is raised.
2. The mouth is between half-close and half-open.
3. The opening between the jaws is medium.
II. SPELLING
1. Letter E in words of monosyllable ending with One or more
consonants (except R), or in a stressed syllable of a word.
Ex: bed. get. met. them. debt. send. mémber. novémber. eléven
BUT: her, term, interpret (intá.prit).
2. EA: head, bread, breath, breakĩast, steady, jealous (d33élas),
meadow, measure, leather, pleasure.
3. EI: leisure, heifer (héfa): bò nái tơ.
4. Special case: Pallmall (pélmél), Thames (temz).
III PRACTICE
/e/ /ì/ S en ten ces:
head hid 1. The lesson ends at ten atter seven.
ten tin 2. He read about the ten men.
set sit 3. When did you get your new dress?
left lift
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fell íìll 4. He sent a letter to his triend.
b elt built
Lesson 4
__ ________ THE ENGUSH VOWEL /a/
I. DESCRIPTION
ỉs J
1. T he front of th e tongue is raised.
2. The m outh is betw een h alf-o p en an d open.
3. The jaw opening is m edium to wide.
II. SPELLING
1. L etter A in words of monosyllable ending w ith one or more
consonants.
Ex: lad, dam , fan, m ap, rank, th an k s, catch, th atch .
2. L etter A w hen it is in a stressed syllable of a word h av in g more
th a n one syllable and stan d s before 2 consonants.
Ex: candle, captain, baptize, la tte r (laéta), narrow , m ạnner,
caiculate. BUT: stranger.
III. PRACTICE
/ae/ /e/ S e n te n c e s :
bad bed 1. The m an has an apple.
sad said
2. The black cat s a t by th e sad m an.
land lend
3. Ask th e m an w ith th e ta n h a t in his
m an m en hand.
sat set
4. You can have an o th er lamb.
m arry m erry
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Lesson 5
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /a;/
/a :/
I. DESCRIPTION
1. The back of the tongue is raised.
2. The mouth is fully open.
3. The jaws are fairly wide apart.
II. SPELLING
1. Letter A in words of monosyllable ending with R or R +
consonant, or in a syllable of a word when A stands before R +
consonant.
Ex: bar, far, star, bam, cart, harm, Sharp, charm, departure.
BUT scarce /skeas/, quart /kwa:t/, sparrow /spaérao/
2. AU: aunt, laugh, draught
3. special case: clerk /kla:k/, Derby /dá:bi/.
III. PRACTICE
/a:/ /ae/ S en ten ces:
harm ham 1. F ather never parks the car well.
part pat 2. John started to argue with the guard.
cart cat
3. He isn’t a famous architect.
park pack
4. Tom is very fond of modern art.
heart hat
march match
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Lesson 6
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o/
I. DESCRIPTION
/o /
1. T he back of th e tongue is raised.
2. The m outh is haIf-open.
3. T he lips are slightly rounded but not pushed forward.
4. T he jaw s a re fairly wide apart.
II. SPELLING
1. L e tte r A in th e stressed syllable of words of m onosyllable
beginning w ith w.
Ex: was /woz/, w ant, w ash, vvatch.
BUT: way, w aste, wax /waeks/ (sáp ong)
2. L etter o in words of m onosyliable eriding w ith one consonant and
in th e stressed syllable o f words having more th a n one syllable.
Ex: cod, lot, snob, logic, coíĩee, doctor, m odern, solitary, opposite
III. PRACTICE
1. Jo h n is strong b u t olive /ó liv / is not.
2. A dog is sittin g on a ro tten log (khúc gỗ mục).
3. T his cross country ru n n er is lost.
4. The yatch /jo ư is locked a t th e docks.
/o/ /a:/
lodge large
hot h eart
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pot part
lost last
cost cast, caste
cough calf
Lesson 7
THE ENGLISH VOWEL /o:/
I. DESCRIPTION
h ’J
1. The back of the tongue is raised.
2. The mouth is between half close and half open.
3. The lips are more rounded than for /o/.
4. The jaws are fairly wide part.
II. SPELLING
1. Letter A in words of monosyllable ending with “11”.
Ex: all, call, tall, small, fall, ball, hall, wall
BUT: shall
2. AU: in most cases: fault, haunt, launch, audience, daughter,
naughty, laundry
3. AW: in all cases: law, dawn, crawl, draw, awful, awkward.
4. Letter o when it stands beíore R + eonsonant.
E x: born, corpse, hom , lord, north, pork, sort, fortify, moming,
portable, portrait
5. OA: when it stands beíbre R + consonant-
Ex: oar, roar, board, soar.
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6. OU: four, pour, court, course, mourn, source, cough, ought,
bought, fought.
III. PRACTICE
/ d:/ /D/ /a:/ S e n te n c e s :
cord cod card 1. I talked alm ost an hour w ith his
dawn don d arn daughter.
port pot p a rt 2. M iss Shaw bought h er
caught cot cart automobile in August.
pork pock p ark 3. We all ought to go for a walk.
stork stock s ta rk 4. The w ater in th e sea is salty.
Lesson 8
THE ENGL1SH VOWEL /o/
I. DESCRIPTION
/a /
1. The back of th e tongue is raised.
2. T he tongue is raised to a position a little above half-close.
3. T he lips are fairly rounded, but slightly protruded.
4. T he openning betw een th e jaw s is medium.
II. SPELLING
1. L etter O: bosom, woman.
2. OU: could, should, would, douche /d o J/
3. OO: book, brook, good, look
4. L etter U: bush, full, pull, push, put, butcher, bullock, b u llet
5. Special case: W orcester Avỏsta/, bouquet /bókei/, bosom /bỏZ 3 m/
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