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  3. Những cách tiếp cận nhân học về hiện đại và động thái truyền thống ở Việt Nam (Quyển 1): Phần 1

Những cách tiếp cận nhân học về hiện đại và động thái truyền thống ở Việt Nam (Quyển 1): Phần 1

Hiện đại và động thái của truyền thống ở Việt Nam: Những cách tiếp cận nhân học gồm những bài tham luận trong Hội thảo quốc tế Nhân học về Việt Nam tại Bình Châu trong 4 ngày vào tháng 12 năm 2007. Phần 1 của cuốn sách Hiện đại và động thái truyền thống ở Việt Nam: Những cách tiếp cận nhân học (Quyển 1) tập hợp các bài viết về chủ đề môi trường và kinh tế, mời các bạn cùng tham khảo! BANBIENT!P 1. GS.TS. LUONG VANHY 2. GS.TS. NGO V~NLt 3. PGS.TS. NGUYEN VAN TI~~P 4. PGS.TS. PHAN THl YEN TUYET A'

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  1. BANBIENT!P 1. GS.TS. LUONG VANHY 2. GS.TS. NGO V~NLt 3. PGS.TS. NGUYEN VAN TI~~P 4. PGS.TS. PHAN THl YEN TUYET A' ? XUAT BAN HOC QUDC GIA THANH PHD HO CHI MINH Ghi: 145.000d
  2. "' Nhieu tac ghi HIEN •• DAI vA DONG • THAI CVA TRUYEN THONG 0 VIET NAM: . NHUNG CACH TIEP CAN. NHAN HOC . , (Quy~n 1) . BAN BIEN, TAp 1. GS.TS. LUONG VAN HY 2. GS.TS. NGO VAN L:E: 3. PGS.TS. NGUYEN VAN TI:E:P 4. PGS.TS. PHAN THl YEN TUYET NHA XUAT BAN f)~I HQC Quac GIA ..... x. ~ " THANH PHO HO CHI MINH - 2010
  3. LClITUA • Trang hai th~p kY vua qua, Vi~t Narn hQc da phat tri~n rn~nh 6 B~c My, Dc Chau, Nh~t B~m, va vai nuac 6 Au Chau. Trang Vi~t Nam hQc 6 nhCing nm nay, Nhan hQc la nganh hQc dong gop r~t 100, vai s6 luqng cong trlnh nghien Clm thuQc hang d~u, nha vi~c cac nha nhan hQc nuac ngohl co di~u ki~n thvc dia nghien Clm 6 Vi~t Narn, du la di~u ki~n thvc dia con g?P nhi~u tr6 ng~i so vOi r~t nhi~u nm khac tren thS giOi. Trong tMp kY tu 1996 dSn 2006, 6 cac nm tren thS giffi khOng k~ Vi~t Narn, 48 lu~n an tiSn sl nhan hQc v~ Vi~t Narn da duQ'c bao v~ (5 6 Nh~t, 3 6 Phap, 4 6 Ha Lan, 6 6 nhCing nuac khac 6 Chau Au va 6 Israel, 6 6 Dc, 3 6 Canada, va 21 6 My). 11 trang s6 48 lu~n an nay la do nhfrng nghien Clm sinh Vi~t Narn di hQc 6 nuac ngoai viSt. Nhi~u nha nhan hQc tharn nien hon cung da cong b6 nhfrng cong trlnh quan trQng dVa VaG nghien Clm thvc dia 6 Vi~t Narn. Nhi~u nha nhan hQc va dan tQc hQc trong nuac cung dli co nhfrng nghien Clm quan trQng v~ Vi~t Nam. Nhfrng nghien Clm cua cac nha nhan hQc trang va ngohl nuac da dong gop dang k~ vao vi~c soi sang nhfrng dQng thai thay d6i van hoa xa hQi, kinh tS, rnoi twang, va qu~m ly a Vi~t Narn duong d~i, g6rn ca v~ nhfrng v~n d~ phat tri~n nhu v~n d~ di dan, do thi, giai, suc khoe, lao dQng, tac dQng cua toan du hoa. Nhfrng dong gop nay phan anh mQt chi~u 'huang quan trQng cua nhan hQc thS giOi ill g~n rnQt thS kY nay: chi~u huang nghien Clm nhfrng v~n d~ phat tri~n 6 nhfrng nuac dang phat tri~n, nhfrng v~n d~ 6 nhfrng n~n van hoa xli hQi cong nghi~p va Mu SA.CH GOM NHIEU BA.I TU HQI THAo NHAN HQC Quac TE cong nghi~p, v~n d~ toan du hoa, C\1 th~ hon la rnQt chi~u huOOg nghien Clm di vao nhfrng vdn d~ VE VI-¢T NAM T~I BINHCHAU, 15-18/12/2007 nhu di dan tu nang than ra do thi va xuyen qu6c gia, van hoa quan tri 6 nhfrng t6 chuc kinh tS, DO TRUONG DAI HOC KHOA HOC & NHAN VAN-DAI HOC truy~n thong hi~n d~i va quang cao, suc khoe (nhu khfa c~nh van hoa xa hQi cua b~nh SIDA hay Quac GIA THANH PHa HO 'CHI MINH, VIET NAM . AIDS), v.v ... vA D~I HQC TORONTO, CANADA' Trang b6i canh n6 r9 cac nghien cuu nhan h9C v~ Vi~t Nam & nhi~u nm tren thS giffi, cac nha DONGTOCHUC nhan hQc 6 nhfrng nuac khac nhau va siX d\1ng cac ngon ngfr khac nhau trong cac cong trlnh in dn cua mlnh nhi~u khi khong biSt v~ nhfrng cong trlnh cua nhau du la cung mQt chuyen d~ nghien Clm. Vi~c nay mN ph~n b~t ngu6n tu vi~c cac nha nghien Clm nuac ngoai cong b6 kSt qua nghien Clm cua mlnh b~ng nhfrng ngon ngfr khac nhau, va ft khi co nhfrng cong trlnh viSt b~ng tiSng Vi~t. C\1 th~ hon, mQt thu rn\1c co chu giai v~ nhfrng cong trlnh cua cac hQc gia NMt v~ Vi~t Nam do Giao su Michio Suenari chu bien la mQt thu rn\1c rdt day rna ft nha nghien Clm iulac 6 ngohl nuac Nh~t biSt r5. Trang b6i canh tren, HQi thao qu6c tS Nhan hQc v~ Vi~t Nam da duQ'C twang D~ hQc Khoa hQc Xa hQi va Nhan van thuQc D~i hQc Qu6c gia TP. H6 Chf Minh va D~i hQC Toronto (Canada) d6ng t6 chuc 6 Blnh Chau trong 4 ngay VaG thang 12 nam 2007. HQi thao quy t\1 hon 150 nha nhan hQc va dan tQc hQc, trong do co khoang 706 trong nuac va 80 618 nuac va lanh th6 khac, g6m My, Canada, Anh, Ha Lan, Phap, Duc, Tay Ban Nha, Th\1Y f)i~n, Ba Lan, Hungary, Nga, Israel, Nh~t, H~m Qu6c, Dai Loan, Singapore, Thai Lan va Dc. HQi thao co 81 tharn lu~n dUQ'c s~p xSp thanh 9 ti~u ban. Day la hQi thao nhan hQc qu6c tS 100 nh~t v~ Vi~t Nam tu twac dSn nay va la rnQt CCY hQi quy gia cho vi~c trao d6i khoa hQc trong nganh nhan hQc v~ nhfrng aong gop cua nhan hQc cho vi~c soi sang nhfrng v~n d~ van hoa, xa hQi, kinh tS, rnoi twang trong b5i canh toan du hoa hi~n nay. Cac tham lu~n siX d\1ng nhi~u phuong phap nghien Clm nhan hQc cung nhu nhi~u ngu6n dfr li~u khac nhau, ill nhfrng dfr li~u siX hQc, nhfrng tu li~u di~n anh, truy~n thong, tri~n lam bao tang, am nh~c, va van hoa dan gian duong d~i, dSn nhfrng dfr li~u tu cUQc di~u tra CO QUAN TAl TRQ: dinh luqng, ph6ng vdn sau, va quan sat tharn dv. V~ rn?t chu d~, tm ngohl nhfrng chu d~ nhu IS nghi, ton giao, quan h~ dan tQc la nhfrng chu d~ truy~n th5ng cua dan tQc h9C Vi~t Nam, hQi thao QUY FORD T~I Vl¢T NAM va QUY WENNER·GREN Qa di VaG nhi~u vdn d~ cua cUQc s5ng do thi nhu v~n d~ lao dQng giup vi~c nM, cong nhan nfr; SUPPORTED BY THE FORD AND WENNER-GREN FOUNDATIONS v
  4. - - - - - - - , - , - - - h'ay nh~ung vAn d~ g~n li~n vm ,to~tn, du hoa nhu nh~g ySu t6 tac dQng dSn ph~ng cach tieu thl,l , . , kh' ~ , h~ h A ~ h' MUCLUC • • 'cong nhan Viet Nam a nuac ngoaI va I ve nuac, on n an xuyen quoc gla, c ung vo A • A .' :i~:'~nh SIDA/AIDS, v.v ... Ngay ca nhfrng pha~ tfc,h v~ nhfrng vAn d~ ton g!ao va Ie nghi cling ? mang nhfrng goe nhln mm. HQi thao nhan hQc quoc te B~nh Chau dli cho thay nghien Clm nhan hoc duang dai cvc kY da d~ng va phong phu ve chu de, ve phuang phap, va co dong gop to 16'11 vio vi~c lam 'sang t6 nhi6u vAn d6 trong cUQC s6ng duang d~i va trong b6i canh toan du hoa. VI nhi6u 19 do khac nhau, hai tuySn t~p tu HQi thao Binh Chau chi co thS in 60 bai trong t6ng L ;..; t· .." ••.••••.••• VI- ~u I •••••••••• II •• " ......................................................................... v ••••••••••• ' ••• tt ••••• t l , •••••••••••••• s6 81 tham lu~n t~i hQi thao. Hai tuySn t~p nay khong phai la kY ySu hQi thao, rna bao g6m nhfrng bill dli dugc cac tac gia tu sua nhi6u dva vao nhfrng trao dbi khoa hQc t~i hQi thao va thea nhfrng " Tom ~ ve tat A " lac cae ... gla ................. ,.. ~ ...............' ... '"7 . t •••••••••• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• . Xl yeu du Cl,l thS cua ban chu bien v6 nQi dung khoa hQc. ~ Ban chu bien va t~p thS cac tac gia xin chan thanh cam an Quy Ford dli tai trq cho hQi thao va A , , Ph§n 1: MOl TRUONG VA KINH TE cho vi~c in An hai tuySn t~p nay dS dong gop cho sv phat triSn cua nganh nhan hQc t~i Vi~t Nam va v6 Vi~t Nam. Quy Wenner-Gren cho nghien Clm nhan hQc cling dli tai trg them cho HQi thao a Binh Chau. Ban chu bien cling xin cam an PGS. TS. Phan Xuan Bien, nguyen Twemg ban tu 1. Vi~t Nam co "td thue ban dia" khong? ............................................................ "............. :........ 1 tuemg van hoa Thanh uy TP. HCM, va PGS. TS. VO Van Sen, Hi~u twemg twemg D~i hQc Khoa hQc Xli hQi va Nhan van,- DHQG ri. HCM dli chi d~o va h6 trg nhi~t tlnh cho HQi thao a Binh Pam McElwee Chau. Chung Wi cling xin cam an cac nha khoa hQc lam t6ng lu~n a 9 tiSu ban cling nhu cac nha khoa hQc khac dli dong gop nhi6u cho nhfrng cUQc thao lu~n t~i hQi thao qu6c tS, va tu do dli dong 2. Phan tieh hie dQng ella di dan de'n sri suy giam ali nguyen moi tru'dng d Tay Nguyen ...... 28 gop vao vi~c tang cuemg chAt lm;mg cac bai viSt trong hai quySn sach nay. Cac nha lam t6ng lu~n Nguyln Van Ti?p g6m ca nhfrng nha khoa hQc ngoai nganh nhan hQc, cling nhu nhi6u nha nhan hQc ten tu6i qu6c tS khong chuyen v6 Vi~t Nam, dli mang dSn hQi thao nhfrng cai nhln so sanh d6i chiSu va qu6c tS v6 , ve~k'IIIh te'" va'b?an sac ~ eua ?' ng u'~'H'" :~VI'e"tNam 3. Nghien euu vI mong v . .. ......... ; .......................... .42 nhfrng vAn dS rna cac nha nhan hQc chuyen vS Vi~t Nam dli quan tam. Cac nha khoa hQc lam t6ng lu~n g6m co: GS. TS. Richard Lee (D~i hQc Toronto, Canada), GS. TS. Katherine Verdery (f)~i Jean Michaud hQc TP. New York, My), PGS. TS. Xin Liu (D~i hQc California a Berkeley, My), GS. TS. Mary Beth Mills (D~ hQc Colby, My), GS. TS. Robert Weller (f)~i hQc Boston, My), GS. TS. Charles 4. "La'y dp ella trdi" nhung khia e~nh sa hQe va Nhan hQe v~ mQt Vi~t Nam Keyes (D~i hQc Washington, My), GS. TS. Janet Hoskins (D~i hQc Nam California, My), GS. TS. vung bidn va di bidn ngu' tru'dng va vi~e sa dl}ng tai nguyen thien nhien ella Roxana Waterson (D~i hQc Qu6c gia Singapore), GS. TS. Ngo Duc Thinh (Vi~n nghien Clm Van hoa), PGS. TS. Phan Xuan Bien (Vi~n nghien Clm xli hQi TP. H6 Chi Minh), PGS. TS. Bui ThS dia phu'dng d Vi~t Nam 1800 - 2000 ........................................................................................ 71 Cuemg, PGS. TS. Phan An va TS. I.e Thanh Sang (Vi~n Phat triSn b6n vfrng vung Nam BQ), John Kleinen PGS. TS. Nguyen Chf B6n (Vi~n nghien Clm van hoa ngh~ thu~t), PGS. TS. Twang Thi Kim Chuyen va PGS. TS. TrAn Thi Kim XuySn (twemg D~i hQc Khoa hQc Xli hQi va Nhan van, S. Do'i mdi ehinh saeh da't dai va va'n d~ tai san ea nhan: nghien euu tru'dng hqp DHQG TP. H6 Chf Minh). "''' dat nong ngh'" ~ B"Q...................................................................................................... .. 97 v Bae l~p 11 Chung toi cling xin chan thanh cam an cac d6ng nghi~p trong va ngoill nuac dli dong gop rAt Nguyln Van Sau nhi6u cho hQi thao va cho hai t~p sach nay qua vi~c dich va hi~u dfnh cac bai nguyen ban b~ng tiSng nuac ngoai. Vi~c dich va hi~u dfnh cvc ky vAt va VI nhi6u tlr chuyen mon chua dugc su "hQe ve~d~ong t'~ 6. Chuyen,:J dOl gm tq: Nhan ,:J • • , - . len 1IV'''tN v l~ am ....... 113 dl,lng hay chu&n hoa trong tiSng Vi~t. Ten cac d6ng nghi~p dli giup dich ·va hi~u dfnh cac bai J ............................................ .. nguyen ban tiSng nuac ngoai n~m a dum cac tva bai trong hai quySn sach nay. Chung tai cling Allison Truitt xin chan thanh cam an cac can bQ Khoa Nhan hQC va Phong Hqp tac qu6c tS cua twemg D~i hQc Khoa hQc Xli hQi va Nhan van - DHQG TP. H6 Chf Minh, dli dong gop hfruhi~u vao vi~c t6 chuc 7. Nam xe may Trung Quo'e ....................................................................................................... 129 hQi thao qu6c tS a Binh Chau, d~c bi~t la ThS. Ngo Phuang Lan va TS. Huynh NgQc Thu dli dong Elizabeth F. Vann mQt vai tro rAt quan trQng trong vi~c t6 chuc hQi thao va vi~c in An hai quySn sach nay. 8. Tinh da thanh ella ehinh saeh: MQt qua trinh ly giai GS.TS. LU'ong Van Hy ve, ehu'dng trIllh " tIll dl}ng nod h??' " th"on H'a 'ITIIIh.................................................. . 151 vung nong Kato Atsufumi D~i hQc Toronto, Canada vi Vll
  5. r Phfin 2: TO CHUC XA H(n I 18. "Giup do" va tll'ong trQ' trong cQng d6ng lang que d mi~n B~c Vi~t Nam: Quan h~ giUa tinh doan ke't ~a sri ph\l thuQc ....................................................... ;\ ............ 347 9. Quy~n hlc d Vi~t Nam nhin tll' trong ra: Nhung chuyin djch qua khong gian Olivier Tessier va thai gian va khai ni~m clla ngll'O'i Vi~t v~ "Noi" va "Ngo ." Erik Harms . ~l ........................................ 167 19• M01 01 u a Ql va quan 1""'" " Cll'''JiH''N'''' y cac mOl quan h"~ ................................................................. 377 ? Alexander Soucy 10. Van hoa Iuy~n t~p thi d\lc thftm my: Gioi, Co thi va va'n d~ thll'ong mai hoa ll t~i mQt cau I~c bQ thi d\lc va thftm my d thanh pho' H6 Chi Minh . 20 . Qua' va, von ,." xa h'"Ql uJih'" N aI cQng dong nong "., th"on V'''tN l~ am .............................................. .. 397 Ann Marie Leshkowich . .. ............................... 184 Luang Van Hy (Hy V. Luong) 11. XtY If di~u ca'm kj: Cac tie'p c~n phll'ong phap Iu~n khi nghien cuu hie'p dam , ,~~, Phan 3: TOAN CA U HOA VA XUYEN QUOC GIA I\. , •./ tai " Viet Nam ............................................................................. 210 Nguyln Thu Huang .............................................. . 21. Chuyin djch trong the' gioi Xii hQi Chll nghla: Xua't khftu lao dQng va nhung 12. "Khong gi co thi thay the'dll'Q'c com, nhll'ng khi chan com, b~n nen an phd": t rao d 01 ~· xuyen ,."..~ " quoc gm glua V'''t l~ Nam va 'D"ong D'~uC cu ................................................ .427 N • MQt each tie'p c~n If thuye't di hiiu v~ nguy co lay truy~n HIV trong hon nhan Christina Schwenkel d H'a N'"01 .................. . Harriet At. Phinney ............................................................. ········· .. ······· .............................. 236 22. Sri trd v~ clla nhung ngll'O'i lao dQng Vi~t Nam t~i Han Quo'c trai nghi~m xuyen quo'c gia, nh~n thuc chinh trf clla ngll'oi lao dQng va sri hQ'p tac khu vrlc Dong A........ .439 Suhong Chae 13. St;i thach thuc do'i v6'i nhUng mo hlnh thufin nhfft v~ nuoi d~y tre: Tie'n trinh giao duc ~~:;~:i~~:~n:i:~ng ngliOl Vi~t... .............................................................................:................. 265 23. Tim hiiu f nghla clla chung vo sinh d YiN Nam dll'ong d~i thong qua khai ni~m "Ni~m hy vQng" ................................................................................................................... 461 Melissa J. Pashigian 14. "Bie't di~u" va "TtY t"'". Nh" h' 1I •• ,,' ." , ? e. ~n t dc ve Glal cap trong Quan h~ giua ngll'oi giup " 24. Dfch chuyin xuyen quo'c gia va b~o lrlc giOi: Dinh vi nhung di~n ngon v~ VH~C :aK~hu~~ue? (Nghien cuu trll'ang hQ'p d Ha NQi, Vi~t Nam) .................................. 272 N guyen 1m lla b~o hanh gia dinh d Vi~t Nam ............................................................................................ 477 Lynn Kwiatkowski 15. Tinh lien tt,lc clla nong thon - thanh thj: CUQc so'ng clla cong nhan may di cll' t~i Ha Noi 25. Kie'n t~o HIV t~i Vi~t Nam ...................................................................................... ,......... .501 . 'Viet. Nam ................................................................. 289 Nghiem Lien Huang ........................................ .. Stephen McNally 26. Tranh lu~n voi quan ni~m v~ hi~n tll'Q'ng xuyen quo'c gia: MQt vai nh~n xet ban d~u 16. Cac t6 chuc phi quan phll'ong trong lang - xii vung chau th6 B~c Bo v~ nhfi'ng nu di dan ngll'oi Vi~t Iffy ch6ng d Dai Loan va mi~n Nam Vi~t Nam ............. 521 ~::!~6~:PQ:!:dng IIi en) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . :. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .307 C. Julia Huang va Kuang-ting Chuang 27. Bang d~ ml,lc (Index) ............................................................................................................ 535 17. Lang va quan h~ dong hQ clla ~gll'O'i Viet Nam Bo Ngo Van L~ ' . ·.. ·.... ·.. ·.......... ·...... ·...... ·...................... 330 viii IX
  6. TOM TAT VE cAc TAc GIA1 BAYLY, Susan (Ti~n sl, Cambridge University, nam 1980) hi~n Ia Reader v~ Nhfm hQc Lich su cua Khoa Nhan hQc Xa hQi, D~i hQc Camblidge, Anh Qu6c. Ba khOi nghi~p a mOt chuyen gia v~ An DO, nhung nghien Clm hi~n thai cua ba la v~ ti~n trlnh dinh hlnh nen dc hlnh thai hi~n d~i da d~ng trong thai leY th\Tc dan, h~u th\Tc dan va xa hOi chu ngma t~i Vi~t Nam, t~p trung chu y~u vao cac dong gop cua cac gia dinh trf thuc vao dm s6ng van hoa xa hOi cua phong trao giai phong dan tQc va dm s6ng van hoa duang d~i cua dAt nuac. Ba la tac gia cua ba quy~n sach, g6m ca quy~n Asian Voices in a Postcolonial Age: Vietnam, India and Beyond (Cambridge University Press 2007). Ba cling da cong b6 rAt nhi~u bai viSt va cac chuang sach, di~n hinh nhu bai 'Vietnamese Intellectuals in Revolutionary and Postcolonial Times', trong t~p chi Critique of Anthropology (24,3) 2004; va 'French Anthropology and the Durkheimians in Colonial Indochina', dang tren t~p chi Modem Asian Studies (34,3) 2000. CHAE, Suhong (Ti~n sl, City University of New York, nam 2003) hi~n Ia Assistant Professor vS Nhan hQc t~i D~i hQc QU6c gia Chonbuk, Han Qu6c. Quan tam nghien Clm cua anh la vS nhan hQc lao dOng (vAn d~ lao dOng cua cong nhan dc nha may), nhi'in h9C do thi (kinh tS chinh tri cua cac do thi), chinh tri hQc v~ tOc ngum va hi~n tUQ'ng xuyen qu6c gia (di dan qu6c t~ va xung dOt tQc nguai). Tac ph~m chu y~u cua anh vi~t vS Vi~t Nam la bai vi~t "Contemporary Ho Chi Minh' city in numerous contradictions: Reform policy, foreign capital, and the working class", dang trong sach Wounded Cities, bien so~n bOi J. Schneider va I. Susser (Berg: New York, 2003); "The political process of a multinational corporation in Ho Chi Minh city", dang tren t~p chi Korean Anthropological Study 36(2), (KAS: Seoul, 2003); va bai "The social economic differentiation and the politics of identity in the Korean society ofHo Chi Minh city", tren t~p chi Cross Cultural Studies 9(1) (ICCS: Seoul, 2005). CHAUVET, Claire (Ti~n sr, Universite de Paris X-Nanterre, nam 2004) Ia thanh vien cua Centre Asie du Sud-Est (Trung tam Dong Nam A) trong Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Trung tam nghien Clm Khoa hQc qu6c gia cua Phap. Co quan tam d~n ton giao, nh~p h6n, nghi IS, cling nhu v~ suc khoe, b~nh t~t va thu6c thang a Vi~t Nam. Ba cong trlnh chinh cua co la "Une femme medium d'esprits de Ha Noi : un destin pas comme les autres", trong quy~n Vietnam au Filninin, do Gisele Bousquet et Nora Taylor bien so~n, trang 253- 265 (Paris, Les Indes Savantes, 2005); "Ho Chi Minh et Ie culte des Quatre Palais. Contradiction ou continuite d'une relation au pouvoir", dang tren t~p chi Aseanie 17: 95-111 1 Chung toi khong djch cac chuc danh khoa h9C cila cac h9C gifl lam vi~c t;;ti cac nuac kMc. Trong h~ th5ng d;;ti h9 Ct;;ti Anh Qu5c, cac chuc danh chfnh tiT cao d~n th~p la Professor, Reader, Senior Lecturer, va Lecturer. 6 UC, thl c6 nai theo dung h~ th5ng cila Anh, c6 nai thay Reader b~ng Associate Professor. Trong h~ th5ng d;;ti h9C cila Phap, cac ch(rc danh chfnh la Professeur va Maitre de conferences hay Maitre-Assistant, tuy r~ng m9t s5 Truang Ian (grandes ecoles) theo h~ th5ng ch(rc danh cila My. Trong h~ th5ng cila My, Canada, Nh~t, f)ai Loan, Thai Lan, va Singapore, cac chuc danh chfnh la Professor, Associate Professor, Assistant Professor, Senior Lecturer va Lecturer. Senior lecturer va Lecturer trong h~ th5ng Clla My va Canada c6 chuc nang giflng d;;ty la chfnh, trong khi trong cac d;;ti h9C nghien cuu (research universities) c6 uy Un t;;ti nhfrng qU5C gia nay, thl tiT dp Assistant Professor tra len, thl ch(rc nang nghien cuu cOng quan tr9ng it fa la ngang b~ng vai chUc nang giflng d;;tY. xi
  7. (2006); va Du commerce avec les esprits des Quatre Palais. Etude d'un culte de possession . Planet· Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modem Life, bien so~n bm Monica Synthe t l c , ) . aHa Noi (Viet Nam) (lu~n van tiSn sl, xuAt bim trong nam 2008, Les Indes Savantes). r (Routledge Press, 2003 . , . CHUANG, Kuang-ting (Th~c SI Nhan h9C, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 2005). Trq 19 Caspe .', ~ 2006) hien nay la Assistant Professor ve,Nhan h9: HARMS, Erik (TiSn sl, ~ornell umver~lty~ n:::n ct'm nhftn h9 C do thi, t~p trung vao moi quan h~ nghien CUu t~i National Tsing Hua University. Quan tam dSn gi6i, ton giao, tiSn trlnh toan tai Yale UniversIty, Anh chuyen g h S' . Edge' Time Space, and Power on Ho Chz du hoa, va da nghien Clm sau t~i dao Kim Man (Quemoy). . . h' h thO Sach cua an azgo n s " 't P s ifra nang thon-t an 1· ,~' f" b' bm the University of Minneso a res . CULAS, Christian (TiSn sl, Universite d' Aix-en-Provence, nam 1998) la nha nghien cuu chfnh v€ ~inh City's Rural-Urban Margm, se duqc xuat an A'" , , Nhan h9 c t~i Research Institute on Comtemporary South-East Asia (IRA SEC - Bangkok), , ' ~ 1984) la Professor ve Nhan h9 C t~I Umverslty HOSK ,INS Janet (TiSn sT, Harvard UmversIty, ~am , A "Dong Nam A chfnh sach va chfnh mQt don vi tllJC thuQc Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) cua Phap Qu6c, , H Ky' Ba nghlen CUll ton gIaO , , b' b . d6ng thOi con la giang vien chuyen v€ Nhan h9C t~i the Universite de Provence (Aix-en- of Southern California, oa , . ~ h / , ~ hoa thi giac. Nhfrng sach cua a ao tri xoay quanh van hoa, s\l' gIaO luu van,?a ~a ;n v~ D6ng Nam A h9 C nam 1996), Provence). Gng quan tam nghien cuu nhan h9C chfnh tri va ton giao, rihan h9 C phat triSn ~m The Play of Time (1994, do~t ~Iat , en a 1 t Asia (1996), va Biographical (m~ng lu6i xa hQi, du Itch van hoa tQc nguOi, san phAm thu cong ml ngh~) va nMn thuc go , d. the Social Imagl11atw/1 111 Sout leas lu~n co tfnh Ung d\mg v€ nhan h9C. Ba cong trlnh nghien cUu chfnh cua ong la Le Headhuntmg an if P pIe's Lives (1998). Objects: How Things Tell the Story 0 eo. , , f Messianisme hmong. La dyn,amique religieuse comme instrument politique (PaIlS, Editions , ' ' ~m 2001) la Associate Professor cu~ Instltut.e 0 du CNRS, 2005); The Hmong/Miao in Asia Today (do Christian Culas, Gary Yia Lee, Jean Umverslt~, na, D" La Ba la tac gia cua quyen Chansma HUANG , C. Julia (Tien sT, Boston Michaud & Nicholas Tapp bien t~p, Chiang Mai, Silkworm Books Edition, 2004); va d6ng 1T' Hua Umverslty Llat an. , P Anthropology, Nationa sm g . 'fi Taiwan (Harvard UniversIty ress, chu bien (cung vai Bui Quang Dung) Phuong phap ili€u tra th1;fc ilia nganh xii h9i h9c va 01 b I Buddhist Movement rom . d Ch' e nhan chung h9c. Ha NQi, NXB Khoa h9C xii h9i. and Compassion: A 0 a , f" h A d A "Wings of Belief: Mo em mes 2009). Ba con la bien t~p chfnh cua s~ c uyen er mal of East Asian Studies, vol. 2, RelI'gious Transnationalism," cua t~~ ChI E;lroPhean .JOL!ch cu'a ba (d6ng tac gia v6i Robert DINH VAN H~NH (TiSn sl Dan tQc h9c t~i Vi~n Khoa h9C Xa hQi t~i TP. H6 Chf Minh, nam 1997) f" / b' ' . At a cac c uang sa , d la can bQ t~i Phan vi~n Nghien cUu Van hoa Thong tin t~i TP. H6 Chf Minh, quan tam no. 2 (Autumn). Trang so cac at, VIe v 'Relief Movement in Taiwan, the Umte nghien cUu ton giao ban dia va tfn ngu5ng dan gian Nam BQ. MQt s6 tac phAm nhu: fJ(lo tu Weller) co bai "Charisma in M~tlOn: com~ahssiConl'tl'es Z'/1 Motion, bien so~n bm Sherman M 1 ," m trong sac . an hdu nghfa cua nguOi Vi?t 6' Nam B9 (1867-1975), NXB Tn~, 1999. Lich sir fJcmg b9 tinh States, Japan, and a aysta k' 1 . I titute of East Asian Studies, 2007). Cochran va David Strand (Ber e ey. ns A 'A Ba Ria-Vung Tau (2 t~p), NXB Chfnh tri Qu6c gia, 2000 (viSt chung v6i NguySn HCru " ~ 1981) la mot hoc gia tv do. Ong ng~l1en Nguyen, Cao Thai Binh, NguySn Dinh Th6ng). Li h9i dan gian cua ngu dan Ba Ria-Vung Tau, NXB Tre, 2004 (v6i Phan An). JAMIESON, Neil.t' , (TiSn sl, University of Hawan, nam h , ' K h ' thS ki xx van c uong ~n. hi A . dai' sa kl va su phap trien 6' ' " . f cuu van hoa cU,a ng~m ,m Ava~~ A g b6 bao g6m Understanding Vietnam (Umver~~ty .~ ENDRES, Kirsten W. (TiSn sl, University of Munich, nam 2000) la nha nghien CUu va giang vien vung cao. Cac an pham cua on~ a con A' Ethnl'c Minorities and Development , VIet , ' , "t "Uplan d leas ' . cua khoa Nhan h9 c , University of Freiburg, Duc Qu6c. Lu~n an tiSn sl cua co va cac nghien California Press, 1993); bat VIe , h postw~r Vietnam: Dynamics of a Transfonnmg cung v6i A. Terry Rm:: , trong sac n and Littlefield, 2003); va "Some T~ings Poet~y bo cuu sau do t~p trung vao S\l' chuySn dbi cua cac IS hQi lang nguOi Vi~t a pilla B~c Vi~t Nam a kS ill nam 1945 trong m6i tuang quan gifra cac cQng d6ng dia phuong va Nha nuac. D\l' an Society, Hy V. Luong bIen so~n (Rown:: 'n Vietnam", trong t~p ChI Tonan Ajla nghien CUu dang con tiSp t\lC cua co khao cuu nghi IS len d6ng a phfa B~c Vi~t Nam. Co Can Tell Us About the Proce~s of SOCIal Ch~nge I g~n day da cong b6 bai viSt "Fate, Memory, and the Postcolonial Construction of the Self: Kenkyu (Southeast Asian Studles), 39 (3) (200 ). , 'A ' The Life-Narrative of a Vietnamese Spirit Medium", tren t~p chf Journal of Vietnamese ~ 2006) hien la mot thanh vien cua Studies 111(2): 34-65 (2008); bai "NhUng khfa c~nh tieu 'c\l'C va tfch C\l'C cua h~u bong qua JAM MES Jeremy (TiSn sl, Universite de Paris X-Nanterre, ~am(centre Nationai de Recherche , . 'ologie comparatIve Kh cai nWn cua bao chf va nhan h9C", T(lp chi Dan t9c h9c 6, p. 23-31, 70 (2006); va chuong Laboratoire d' ethnolo gze et SOCI . , A . h' A CUll chfnh tai Center for me~ P .) 'la mot thanh Vien ng len . , A f" ( " "SpiIit Performance and the Ritual Construction of Personal Identity in Modem Vietnam", Scientifique, CNRS- ans va . .A , hA hoc ton giao cac nhom thieu so ve em nghlen cUU n an , ' " V' A lA trong sach Possessed by the Spirits: Mediul11ship in Contemporary Vietnamese Studies (Siem Reap). An quan a h D" / gI'a'o pha'I' cua ngum Hoa va ngum Iyt, e~ " ' ') D 0 Cao Llal cac , ' ~ h" Communities, do K. Fjelstad & NguySn Thi Hi€n bien so~n(Ithaca, New York, SEAP, m~t ton giao :va t9~ ngum , A~ ,/ h' A "A ky tiSn trlnh th\l'c dan hoa, m~n~ lum ~~ ?~' 2006) d6ng, thi~n dinh, han du~g, t~n gl~O t Ie::nme~a 'lua~ lich suo Anh da cong bo cac bat VIet truy~n giao giai ngma van ban, va phu g p P . d" Pham Cong Tac (1890-1959) - FOX, Diane (TiSn sl, University of Washington, nam 2007) hi~n la Assistant Professor thinh giang ''The Caod~st Holy See of Tay Ninh and the ~eCIU~, china" dang tren t~p chf Dutre- man Lich sir t~i College of the Holy Cross, bang Massachusetts, Hoa Ky. Ba quan tam l' Millenarianism, prose ytism an d political oracles m oc m b (2006)' bai "The Ben Tre Branc 0 h f the / nghien cUu v€ tUOng thu~t, ranh gi6i gifra nhfrng khai ni~m, va h~u qua lau dai. cua chiSn Mers - Revue d'Histoire N° 352-353, Decem d~r . tic ~ractice in question" tren t~p ChI tranh. Ba da xu At ban cac bill viSt "Speaking with Vietnamese Women on the Consequences Cao Dai movement after 1975: or~~~~~/~~ ;,~r;~bolism and representation ofAthe body~ of War, Writing Against Silence and Forgetting", trong sach Le Vietnam au Feminin, do Gisele Bousquet and Nora Taylor bien so~n (Paris, Les Indes Savantes, 2005); va Aseanie N°16, December, pp. 65-88 AdA a view on the weaved pieces of the E e pa m K . Buon Ma Thuot (Vietnam)" tren t~p ChI "Chemical Politics and the Hazards of Modem Warfare: Agent Orange", trong quySn A seame . N°7 June pp 79-114 (2001). , " xiii xii
  8. JELLEMA, Katrin (TiSn sl, University of Michigan, nam 2007) hi~n la giang vien thinh giang t~i .A ' d'0 'hai chuang vS than tQc va gia dinh trong Mong Phu: un Marlboro College, bang Vermont, Hoa Ky. Dinh hu6ng nghien Clm cua co la v€ kf uc, y cong trlnh nghlen CUll, trong u ecodo N u Sn Tung chu bien, pp. 109-160, 257-268 (paris: thuc v€ lich sir, S\X g~n kSt xii hQi va chu ngh1a xii h
  9. , MACLEAN, Ken (Ti~n sl, University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, nam 2005) la Assistant Professor N Columbia University, nam 2007) hi~n la Assistant Pr~fessor vS Nha~ T':" v~ Phat triSn Qu6c t~ va Thay d6i xii hQi, Clark University, Hoa Ky. Quan Him nghien Clm MEEKER, L~uren ( le~ SI, , fN Y rk at New Paltz Hoa Ky. Co quan tam den nhfrng chu ~e hoc tal State Umverslty 0 eyv 0 , " " A h ' t' h d'A cua anh la v~ b~o Ivc, di dOi, cong nghi~p khai kh6ang, nha nuac va cac t6 chuc xuyen qu6c .' . h' h t . vS van h6a ban sac quoc gia va dla phuong, am n ~c va nn l~n khoa hQc sau. c m ho vaq , va'h'A n an hoc h'lnh a'nh . D6ng tac gia chuong "Tu bai hat ra den gia, qufm 19 va ngh~ thu~t qmin 19, xii hQi chu ngh1a, cac ch~ dQ phap 19, nMn hQc va lich d ~ b' AI' cheo) (~c l~t a ~uan. h ' , V' At N~ ngay nay" trong sach Khong gian van hoa quan SU, nghien Clm khoa hQC va k1 thu~t, ban d6 hQc. Tac ph~m dii cong b6 cua anh bao g6m san ~au: .Smh ~o~\qua~ Q, (J, ly -496 (Ha~oi: Vien Van h6a thong tin va Sa Van "Manifest Socialism: The Labor of Representation in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (1956-1959)", dang tren t~p chf loumal of Vietnamese Studies 2(1): 27-79 (2007); "Spaces h~ Ra: Nl1~~:':~o ~n ~a::~~; ~~ia~~~ :~! bai "How Much' for a Song? Local and National hoa thong tl~ ac m, h Folksong." Trong t~p chf loumal of of Extraction: Actually Existing Governance along the Riverine Networks of Nyaunglebin Representatlons of Quan 0 District", trong sach Myanmar: the State, Community and the Environment, do Monique Vietnamese Studies 5(1):125-161 (2010). Skidmore and Trevor Wilson chu bien, pp. 246-267 (Asia-Pacific Press, Australian , N ' " '1 ~ 1995) la Associate Professor vS Nhan hQc National University, 2007); va bill "Sovereignty after the Entrepreneurial Tum: Mosaics of MICHAUD, Jean (Tien SI, Umverslte Ade Montre: ' na~, A lm nguOi thiSu s6 va toan cAu h6a; cac t~i Universite Laval, Canada. OnlS quan Atam ng len c Q:'" hA hoc vS nguOi H'mong; Control, Commodified Spaces, and Regulated Violence in Contemporary Burma", in trong , 'DA N A va Tay Nam Trung uoc, n an . quySn Taking Southeast Asia to Market: Commodification in a Neoliberal Age, do Nancy Peluso va Joe Nevins bien so~n (Cornell University Press, 2008). ~~u:~~ v~~~ ~~~g(Jng;~~ v:~i , tl:remg ; phe phBan r h d A' , ' ac dla phuong a cong ti~n trltnn~nhPhqatu~S~~O~hga~~ltC ~~: ~~~t~~ . dQng cua du lC 01 vm c . tlIO lic Missions on the Tonkin-Yunnan Fro1J.tier, MCELWEE, Pamela (Ti~n sl, Yale University, nam 2003) Ia Assistant Professor cua School of 'Incidental' Ethnographers: Fren~h ca'd , P bl' hers 2007)' "Contending Visions of (Le 'd & B ston' Bnll Aca erruc u I S , , Global Studies, Arizona State ~niversity, Hoa Ky. Quan tam nghien cuu hi~n nay cua co la 1880-193O ,I en. 0" .~ , " ,. S rah Turner) dang tren t~p chfAnnals of . (d~ v~ toan cAu h6a vi~c quan 19 cac ngu6n tai nguyen thien nhien, C\1 thS la a CMu A, t~p trung a Hill-Station m VIetnam, (dong tac gIa vm a, . . , 1 33(3)' 785-808 (2006); va quyen H'monglMzao zn Asza ong c u h' bien vao cac khu vvc duQ'c bao t6n va Cong uac v~ da d~ng sinh' hQc; nghien Clm v~ moi tWOng Tourzsm Researc I . Y Lee) (Chiang Mai: Silkworm, 2004). va phat triSn, va m6i quan h~ giua d6i ngheo va moi twemg; cac tQc nguOi thiSu s6 va vung I v6'i Nicholas Tapp, C. Culas, G. . cao a Dong Nam A I\1C dia; phi t~p trung h6a quan 19 moi twang va sv tham gia cua cQng d6ng dia phuong t~i ch6; va h~u qua v~ m~t moi twang cua chi~n tranh, C\1 thS la ch~t dQc Da Cam a Vi~t Nam. An ph~m g&n day cua co g6m c6 ""Blood Relatives" or Uneasy I ,1 , MUKDAWIJITRA, Yukti (Tien sr, UniverSIty " , of Wisconsm, nam , A ~ 2007) la giang vien Nhan hoc :.. ~ ~ A , ' h' N h'An Clm cac van de ve toc ngum, c u t~i Thammasat University, :ha ~and'A Qu~n tadn:cngta' ldeAan toc hoc Viet Nam,' Thai Lan, va Neighbors? Kinh Migrant and Ethnic Minority Interactions in the TWOng Son Mountains", , :.. A N kf tu hoc van hoa an gtan, ~ .." " VIet, ngon ng:u, A, . ' _" :.., h b g6m "Tai Indigenous LIteracy m dang tren t~p chf loumal of Vietnamese Studies III(3): 81-116 (2008); bai "From the Moral A C g trlnh da cong bo cua an ao Economy to the World Economy: Revisiting Vietnamese Peasants in a Globalizing A N Dong am . ,0; . , A Feasibility of Indigenous Initiatives and ImplementatlOns of Contemporar~ :'Ie nam. A ki :.. hA' thao MMSEA 4th international conference, Sa Pa, Era", tren t~p chf loumal of Vietnamese Studies 2(2): 57-107 (2007); va bai "Of Rice, Development, m trong t~p yeu Ql , h I ifD 1 lent Theory' Mammals, and Men: The Politics of Wild and Domesticated Species in Vietnam", in trong · V Ietnam, M 16 19 2005' Reading 'Community Culture Sc 00 0 ,eve opn k' ay - " ,, 1 (b ~ g tieng Thai) (Bangko : quYSn Where the Wild Things are Now: Domestication Reconsidered, do Molly Mullin va Politics and Poetics of the Community Culture s Ethno~rap ,IY ,an , t am' Knowledge of Rebecca Cassidy bien so~n. (London: Berg, pp. 249-276, 2007). 5) 'b" "The Revival of Black Tal Scnpt m v le n . Fadiawkan, 200 va f a~ w1 dge" (b&ng ti~ng Thai) trong tac phAm Phumpanya Thai-· i, MCNALLV, Stephen (Ti~n sl, Australian National University, nam 2003) la nghien Clm vien cua Locality and Loca Ity 0 . °h ~ h Chakkri Sirindhorn Anthropology Center, 2005). Phumpanya Thet (Bangkok. t e a a Australian Research Centre in Sex, Health and Society, trvc thuQc La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. Anh chu y~u nghien cuu Hnh vvc van h6a va cac lo~i vi rut kf sinh A' , 'h A t d Ha Lan nam 2006) hi~n NGHIEM LIEN HVdNG (TiSn SI ~oa ,hQc xii hQI t~1 D~~ ~~ vam~e:n :~ TP. H6' ChI Minh. Quan trong mau nguOi (vi em gan va HIV) a Australia va Dong Nam A, t~p trung vao vi~c ngan la Giang vien Nhan hQc t~1 D~I hQc ~oa ~oh': xha ~Qt\ chu'c MoAt s6 tac ph~m nhu: "Female ngua va ti~p c~n tri li~u. G&n day anh dii hoan t~t vi~c nghien Clm dinh tfnh v~ dQng thai A 'A' d A h'h' gi6'i vanhoava an VI0 '. ' . tam nghlen CUll 0 t loa" , V' t 'Modernization" trong sach Soczal van h6a xii hQi va b6i canh nam gi6'i quan h~ tinh d\1c v6'i nam gi6'i va 9 ngh1a cua n6 d6i garment workers: The New Volunteers m ~e nam s hili Ta lor chu bien (Singapore: v6'i vi~c ngan ngua HIV a Indonesia va Thai Lan. Anh dii cong b6 mN s6 cong trlnh sau Inequality in Vietnam G1~d t~e ~!Wll~~~~~.t~s~;~a7~:nd F~veriin Hanoi: Ruralization of ~~:t~~a~f:poa~~~~;~~s~~~h ~l~~~lizing citises, Idnhequahlu!tybl~~d(i~~;:g:!~~:'~~:I~~~~C~;, day: (d6ng tac gia v6'i M. Temple-Smith, W. Sievert, va M. Pitts) 'Now, later or never? Challenges associated with hepatitis C treatment' dang tren t~p chf Australian and New Zealand loumal of Public Health, vol. XXX No.5. pp 422-427 (2006); 'Bia Om and . R 'd S Sandhu & Jasmeet an u c . , Countrzes, anvm er . 'H '. How does humor foster the perceptlOn of Karaoke: HIV and Everyday Life in Urban Vietnam', trong quySn Consuming Urban 2007)' "Jokes in a Garment Workshop m anol. .' I 52 2007 ' " commumty 111 SOCia' I movements?" . Intemational Review ofSocwl Hlstory, Vo ., . Culture in Contemporary Vietnam, do Lisa Drummond va Mandy Thomas chu bien (London: Curzon Press, 2003); va bill vi~t (d6ng tac gia v6'i S. Schech) 'Interpreting gender P h T' A Kh~c nam 1999), Giao SU NGO VAN L~ (TiSn sl Dan tQc hQc t~i ~~i hQc TOnghhQ'Px_rahA~' ,lyNPhan v~n Dai hoc Qu6c gia J.. policy: the challenges of negotiating difference in Australian development projects in , A 'A , t uemg Dal hoc Khoa oc a Ql va '., " , A Vietnam', tren t~p chf Canadian loumal of Development Studies, vol. XXII, No.3 (2001). va nguyen IDyu twong I ., hN ':.. d~ t" nguOi van h6a toc ngum va ton TP H6 Chf Minh. Quan tam nghien Clm: n ung van e QC ,' . ,, . XVll xvi
  10. gia? ~ot s8 tac ph~m ~hu; T(j~ nfJU'Oi va van hoa t(jc ngU'Oi, NXB D~i h9c Qu8c gia TP.H6 thuoc d6ng b&ng B~c BO: Ton ti va binh d~ng", trong Ngon ngu hanh chfnh, NguySn van ChI Mi~h, 2004; Mqt so van tie ve van hoa t(jc ngU'ai 6' Nam B(j va Dong Nam A, NXB. Dai Khang chu bien, NXB Van hO,a Thong tin, 2001. h9 C Quoc gia TP.Ho Chf Minh, 2003; Van hoa cac dtuz t(jc thidu s66' Vi¢t Nam, NXB. Giio dl,lc, 1997. NGUYEN THU HUdNG (Th~c SI, f)~i h9C Amsterdam, 2004) hi~n la nghiell, Clm sinh TruOng Nghien Clm Khoa h9C Xa h
  11. nh~c ngh~ IS c~du van. Tac. pham da cong b6 cua anh g6m cO: Songs for the Spirits: Music chuang tanh xoa doi giam ngheo qu6c gia t~i vung cac dan tQc ft nguOi a tinh f)~c L~c " , In a~l~ ~e~~~ms m '!10d~m Vzetnam (Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press. 2009]); trong sach Ngheo d6i 6' Dong Nam 11: H9]J tac va chia Sf thong tin, NXB f)~i hQc Qu6c gia bat vIet Effemmate Men and 'Hot-Tempered' Women: The Performance f M' d TP. H6 Chf Minh, 2007 .' G d . V' 0 USlC an . en C ' Mediumship", in trong quySn Possessed by the Snin'ts' er m letnamese r ~A' d' h' . lrJ.e lums Ip 17~A ontemporary Vzetnamese Communities, do Karen Fjelstad va NguySn Thi Hi€n chu PH AN NGQC CHIEN (Th~c s1 Nhan hQc t~i B~i hQc Washington, Seattle, Ho~ Ky" 1993), dang bIen, . At "S'mgmg . cong tac t~i Tmng tam Nghien cuu Dan tQc va T~n giao, Vi~n Phat trien ben vfrng vung h P trang .55-75 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell Southeast Asia Program ' 2006)', va' ba"1 VIe Nam BQ. Quan tam nghien cUu tfnh dan tQc, bao gom xa hQi va }o~i tm xa hQi, cac d~n tQ,c t east: VIetnamese Ca Tm, Memory and Mode", dang tren tap chf Asian Musl'c 36(2)' 27 56 (2005). . . ,.- thiSu s6 a Tay Nguyen, Chinh s~1ch cua chfnh phu,Vi~t Nam doi v6i cac dan t~c thieu so. Tac phAm chinh gan day la NguOi Kaho 6' Iiim Dong: nghie,l cuu nl1an h9 C ve dan t(Jc va PASHI~IAN, AMelissa J. (TiSn S1, University of California in Los Angeles, nam 2002 Thac S1 Y t A van 116a (chu bien). NXB Tn~, TP H6 Chi Minh, 2005 cQng dong, Harv.ard University, nam 1995) hi~n la Associate Professor trong Department 0; PHAN PHUdNG ANH (TiSn S1 Nhan hQc xa hQi t~i TruOng Cao cap khoa hQc Xa hQi va Nhan van ~nthropolo?y t~l Bryn Mawr College, Hoa Ky. Quan tam nghien CllU chfnh cua co la v€ h~h Vl)'C ,chm~ sacAh v~ chfnh tri co goc dQ gi6i v~ vi~c sinh san, vo sinh va suc kh6e sinh Paris, 2005). Lu~n an TiSn s1 cua co nghien cuu v€ Chfr abc va bUt lOng. Da van tl!,va thu S~?, so Asan~ c~c h5 th?ng y khoa, tac dQng qua l~i cua kiSn thuc v€ cO' thS, ban s~c va quan phap 6' Vi?t Nam duang d(li. Hi~n dang cong tac t~i Ban Di san Van hoa Phi v~t the, Vi~n n~~m ~e Vat ~ro. xa h?1. ~~hien c~ c?a C? t~p tmng vao van d€ trai nghi~m v€ m~t xa hQi Van hoa Thong tin (Ha NQi). Quan tam nghien cUu v~n d€ chu viSt cua cac dan,tQc a V,i~t ~~l v~ s~ vo ,smh .va ~Ol quan h y cua no doi v6i chfnh sach va chfnh tri xoay quanh van Nam, d~c bi~t la cac dan tQc vay mugn chu Mn (Kinh, Tay, Nung, Dao). MQt so tac phat;l o~ ve ~~nh ~an t.~l Vlyt Nam, cunp nhu so sanh vi~c dung thu6c Nam tmy€n th6ng va nhu: "L'ecriture de la modernite dans Ie contexte vietnamien" ["Van hQc hi~n d~i trong boi nhun~ .dleu tq y sl~h. Co ~~ cong bo mQt s6 tac pham nhu "Conceiving the Happy Famil : cfmh Vi~t Nam"] , Annali [T9P san), volume 58(3-4), 463-494, Napoli: Instituto InfeltllIty and Mantal PolItics in Northern Vietnam", trong tac phfrm do Mat·ci I h y, Universitario Orientale [Vi~n nghien cUu Phuang Bong], 1998; "Les bigraphes ~an: van Balen chu bi~n la Infertility Around the Globe: New Thinking on Ch~ld~e~~e;s: vietnatniens: quelques remarques sur les impacts de l'usage de l'ideogramm~ sur leurs ecrits en er, and Reproductlve Technologies, Berkeley: University of California Press 2002 en alphabet" [Nhung nguOi dung hai van tl)' aVi~t Nam: mQt vill nh~n xet ve anh huang cua 134-151' "I .' R 1 . . ~ napplOpnate e atlOns: The Ban on Surrogacy with In Vitro Fertilization and , , vi~c dung chu biSu y d6i v6i nhfmg van ban viSt b~ng qu6c ngu cua hQ]. trong Annales de the LlffiltS. of Stat~ Renovation in Contemporary Vietnam", in trong quySn Assisting la Fondation Fyssen [T~p san Quy Fyssen], nO 22, Paris, 2007. R~productlOn, Tes:lll~ Gen~s: Global.!!ncounters with New Biotechnologies, Daphna ~lrenbaum-Carmel~ .va MarCIa Inhorn bIen so~n, New York: Berghahn Books; va bai viSt PHAN TH! YEN TUYET (TiSn S1 Dan tQc hQc t~i Vi~n Khoa hQc Xa hQi t~i TP. H6 Chi Minh, nam T~e Womb, In~eltlhty, and the Vicissitudes of Kin-Relatedness in Vietnam", dang tren ta 1992) hi~n la Pho Giao su t~i Khoa Vi~t Nam hQc, TruOng f)~i hQc Khoa hQc Xa hQi va ChI loumal ofVletnamese Studies IV (2): 34-68 (2009). .p Nhan van, B~i hQc Qu6c gia TP. H6 Chi Minh. Quan tam nghien CUu van hoa, ton giao ti~ ngu5ng cua cac tQc nguai t~i Nam BQ, nhan hQc biSn va van hoa biSn t~ Nam BQ. MQt so PH~M ~UYNH. ~Hlf~NG (TiSn S1 Nhan hQc t~i B~i hQc La Trobe, Dc, 2005) dang lam viec tai tac phfrm nhu: Vdn d€ dan t(Jc 6' D6ng b6ng song Ciru Long, NXB Khoa hQ~ xa ~Qi, 1991 Vl~n Ng~~~n ~uu Van hoa. Quan tam nghien CUu dOi s6ng ton giao tfn ngu5ng van h6a d~i (Sach nhi€u tac gia); Nha 6', trang ph1,lc, an u6ng cua cac dan t(Jc viing dong, bang song chung, gl~ tre trong xa hQi hi~n d~i. MQt s6 tac pham nhu: "Empowerment and Innovatio'n Ciru Long, NXB Khba hQc xa hQi, 1993; X6m ngh€ va ngh€ thu cong truyJn thOng t(li Nam among Samt Tran's female m ed'mms "t ~A' ' h modenllty • b(J, NXB Tre, 2002 (Chu bien, nhi€u tac gia khac). . ' . , rong sac and Re-Enchantment: Reli ion ~1 :~st-Re:olutlOllary Vletnam, Philip Taylor chu bien, ISEAS, Institule of Southeast A~ian tu les, Smgapore, 2007; "Tran Hung Dao and Mother Goddess religion" t ' h PHINNEY, Harriet (TiSn S1, University of Washington, nam 2003) hi~n Ja Giang vien t~ Seattle Possessed b S·· . U d' " ' rong sac University, va nghien CUu vien t~i University of Washington. Co quan tam nghien cUu gi6i Felstad ,y Pl;ztS. . e .l~mslll~ l~lA Contemporary Vietnamese, Communities. Karen J. . va Nguyen Thl Hien chu bIen, Southeast Asia Program Publications Cornell va suc kh6e. Nhfmg cong tanh da cong b6 g6m co "The Shifting yet Conventional Logic of 2;~~~~~Y3 ~~~~~ New York, 2006; 'The war against evil sphits", Vietnames; Studies, Sex and Reproduction in NOlthern Vietnam: Postwar Refashioning of Single Women's Reproductive Space", Asia-Pacific loumal of Anthropology VI: 215-230 (2005); va bai "Discursive Transformations: Maternal Desire among Older Single Women in Northern PH~MCT~A~H THOI (Th~c S1 Nhan hQc t~i TruOng BH Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van TP HA Vietnam", dang trong quySn Le Vietnam au feminine, do Gisele Bousquet va Nora Taylor hi Minh 2009 2010) G" 'A '" . 0 chu bien (paris, Les Indes Savantes, 2005). A ~' . - " lang vlen Khoa Nhan hQc, TruOng Bai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va' Nh an van Bat hoc Q A . TP HA , . A" . . A. ' , ' h ' uoc gla . 0 ChI Minh. Quan tam nghien cuu nhan hoc phM trie"n trong b 01 can do thi h' 'A A, " h' A , . " oa va cong ng lyp hoa t~l khu vuc cac cong dong toc ngum'. 0" TaAy PROSCHAN, Frank (TiSn S1, University of Texas at Austin, nam 1989) Ja chuyen gia Chuang N guyen va TP HA Ch'M' h , . 0 1 m. MQt A"so bai viet nhu: "Hoat. dong "kinh . . " , .A tS via he' tanh Di san van hoa phi v~t thS cua UNESCO t~i Paris, Phap Qu6c. Chuyen nganh ng~en hoach xay d ~ . h A" . . va vlec quy cUu cua ong la v€ van hoa dan gian, ngM thu~t ngon ngu, va nguOi Kh()" Mu. Cac tac pha~ Xa~ dun B~~~andffiln d? thl a TP.Ho Chf Minh," T(lp ch~ ChUye,l nganh Quy h~(lch _ chinh da cong b6 cua ong gan day nhat g6m co "Vietnam's Ethnic Mosaic",.in trong~ quyen do Ang n' g:. CQ'1 ~y yng, so 17 (5-2005); "Nhfrng chuyen doi kinh tS xa hoi trong cong gum 1 0' xa Ba Sar h A La D ' A A . . Vietnam: loumeys of Body, Mind, and Spirit, Pp. 53-69, do Laurel Kend~ll va Nguyen Van Anthro 010 200'''' A '. AuYyn ~ . c Aucn;g, tmh Lam Bong," Hakusan Review of 'P gy ( 6), Nh~n dlyn nhung van de phat sinh trong qua trinh thuc . hien. c'ac Huy chu bien (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2003); bill viet "Peoples of the xx xxi
  12. Gourd: Imagined Ethnicities in Highland Southeast A ." A Northern Vietnam" trong quy€n Modemity and Re-enchantment: Religion in Post- Studies 60, 999-1032 (2001); va bai ""We A All sm ,tren t;;tp chf Joumal of Asian Ethnic Identities, and Ethnic Groups" dV t ;-e ~mu, J~st the Same": Ethnonyms, revolutionary Vietnam, do Philip Taylor.chu bien (Singapore, ISEAS, 2006). (1997). ' ang ren t;;tp ChI Amerzcan Ethnologist 24, 91-113 SUENARI Michio (Ti~n sI, University of Tokyo, nam 1971) nguyen la Giao su D;;ti hQc Tokyo va hien Ia nha nghien Clru t;;ti Toyo Bunko, Tokyo, Nh~t Ban. Quan tam nghien cuu cua ong la SALEMINK, Oscar (Tien sI Universit of A vs' bi~n d6i xa h9i the hi~n qua dm s6ng cua ngum dan blnh thUOng aDong A. Ba tac phim h9 i va TruOng Khoa man hoc Jan h6~:~e~~a~:.na~ 1999).la Professor v~ Nhan hQc Xa v Quan tam nghien Clru gkn dfry cua l~)..a QI:~:'U ~mversiteit Amsterdam, Ha Lan. chfnh da cong b6 cua ong g6m c6 Taiwan Amizoku no Shakai Soshiki (T6 chuc xa hQi cua ngum Ami t;;ti duyen hai phfa Dong Dai Loan) (Tokyo University Press, 1883, b&ng ti~ng A V N~ A trong b6i canh xuyen qu6c g~~g ,a h: Sh\l' tat ~mh cua ~ac ton ghlo bim xu a Dong " d- " ' va n an oc ve su an toan cu' ,. Nh~t); Perspectives on Chinese Society: View from Japan (d6ng chu bien vrn J.S. Eades & pham a cong bo g~n day la cac quy€n Colonial'S . . . a con ngum. Nhfrng tac C. Daniels) (Center for Social Anthropology and Computing, University of Kent at of Anthropology (dong chu bI'e"n ,. P P ubJects. Essays on the Practical History VOl eter els - 1999)' Th E h Canterbury, England, 1995); va Betonamu no Sosen saishi: Cho kyoku no Shakai Seikatsu Central Highlanders: A Hist . I C " , e t nography of Vietnam's (Ther cling t6 tien a Vi~t Nam: Dm s6ng xa hQi trong mQt lang a ngo;;ti vi Ha NQi) ~ith the Dead: The politics o~~~:al :,~extuahz:tlOn, ~850-1990 (2003); va bill viet 'Living so chuyen d~ d~c bi~t cua ta 'chf Michael DiGregorio _ 2007): p J: remem rance m con.tempor~y Vi~tnam', trong m9 t umal of Southeast Aszan StudIes (dong chu bien vai (Fukyosha, 1998). TESSIER, Oliver (Ti~n sI, Universite d' Aix-Marseille, nam 2003) la Maitre de conferences t;;ti :Ecole fran
  13. • • f.. "d~n v~n de day va hoc ti~ng Vi~t trong nha tlUbng ph6 thong cong dan a New Orleans; va nhCing viSn tuqng do thi m6i Co da xu~t ban m9t s5 bai viSt ni~m "Nang l\l'c g~ao tl~p g _ f.. 4 nam' 2006; ';Nhfrng tuong d6ng v~ khac bi~t trong ca~h sau day: "New Money, Big Money, ATMs: The Value of Currency in Ho Chi Minh City", hi~n nay", T
  14. Phinl A , , ~ MOl TRUONG VA KINH TE
  15. 1 l'h6n 1: M6i truollg va killh ti VIET . KHONG? . NAM eo "TRI THITe BAN DIA" ' Pam McElwee Nglfoi dich: Th.S. va Til! Di?u Hlflmg Ngu'oi hi?u tlillh: Nguyill Th! HiJIl &Llflmg Van Hy GIOITHI$U Trong nhfmg nam g§.n day, khai ni~m vS "tri thuc ban dia" (IK) duQ'c chu y den nhiSu trong cac lInh V1JC nhu nhan hQc, nghien CUu moi truOng va nghien CUu phat triSn. Thu~t ngu IK thucmg duO'c sir d\IDg thay d6i v6i cac thu~t ngu khac nhu "tri thuc dia phuang", "tri thuc sinh thai truySn th6'ng" (TEK), ho~c "tri thuc h6n hQ'p" (Scott 1998). Ngum ta thuOng cho r5.ng cac hinh thai da d~g cua tri thuc do dia ,phuang nfun giU duQ'c thu nh~n thong qua cac qua trinh tnii nghi~m th\1'C ti~n va wang tac v6i the gi6i tv nhien xung quanh. Nhfmg tri thuc nhu v~y thuOng duQ'c so sanh wang phan v6i tri thuc "khoa hQc" oua phuang Tay hay tri thuc duy ly duQ'c hinh thanh qua cac qua trinh suy di~n th\1'c chUng, luon luon a trong cac thS chS chinh thuc nhu cac trung tam nghien cUu, cac t6 chuc chinh phu, cac truang d~i hQc ho~c cac nganh cong nghi~p (Brokensha va cac cQng S\1' 1980). Cac y kien ling hQ cho IK nhu la mQt hinh thai chinh th6ng cua vi~c t~o ra tri thuc da tranh lu~n r&ng, sau hang th~p ky nh~p khAu cac phuang thuc tiSp c~ "khoa hQc", "duy If' d6i v6i cac v§.n dS nhu bao t6n moi truOng va giam ngheo trong the gi6i dang phat triSn, nhUng giai phap ky thu~t nay da th~t b~i trong vi~c t~o ra cac bu6c phat triSn han. NguQ'c l~i, nhfmg YkiSn ung hQ IK tranh lu~ r5.ng, IK la "mQt ngu6n tM nguyen quan trQng c6 thS h6 trq qua trinh phat triSn rnQt cach co hi~u qua vS m~t chi phf, c6 sv tham gia va bSn vtrng, v.v ... IK la tri thuc dia phuang - tri thuc dQc nh~t d6i v6i rnQt nSn van h6a ho~c xa hQi v.v ..: N6la CO' sa cho vi~c dua ra quyet dinh a dp dia phuang trong nong nghi~p, cham s6c suc kh6e, chuAn bi thuc an, giao d\lc, quan ly tai nguyen thien nhien va la Co' sa cho cac ho~t dQng khac trong cac cQng d6ng nong thon, v.v ... Tri thuc ban dia c6 gia tri khong nhUng d6i v6i nSn van h6a rna n6 hinh thanh trong d6, rna'con co gia tri d6i v6i cac nha khoa hQc va nhfmg nha l~p kS ho~ch dang het suc nang cao cac diSu ki~n t~i cac dia phuang" (Warren 1991:1). aVi~t Nam, khai ni~m vS IK (tri thuc ban dia) dang ngay cang duQ'c dS c~p den, d~c bi~t khi n6i vS quan ly moi truang. Bai viSt nay se tim hiSu lich sir cac y tuang vS IK a Vi~t Narn, t~p trung chu ySu van tri thuc truySn th5ng vS moi truang (TEK). Toi cho r&ng phan 100 cac nghien cUu vS IKfTEK chd den hi~n nay a Vi~t Nam chi sir d\lng mQt cach ch9n IQc khai ni~m vS IK nhu mQt ban ch~t [it thay d6i], t~p trung van vi~c gQi ten va phan lo~i [dQng thvc v~t] ho~c vao vi~c quan ly cac thl nguyen thien nhien qua lu~t wc, rna khong co n6 Ivc dS hiSu the gi6i nh~n thuc lu~n rQng 100 han rna nm do tri thuc ban dia dUQ'c hinh thanh. Trong bhl viSt nay, d6i l~p v6i diSu do toi tIm hiSu rnQt vhl dan tQc thiSu s6 a day nui TruOng San dS chi ra 1a tri thuc ban dia din phai dUQ'c hiSu nhu 1a mQt h~ th6ng ho~c thS gi6i quan hoan chinh bao g6m cac khai ni~m khong chi vS ten dia phuO'ng d~t cho dQng thvc v~t va khong chi cac h~ phan 1o~i, rna con dn hiSu biSt v6 ton giao, tfn nguang va 1~ nghi, cac khfa qnh cua tri thuc
  16. 2 Hi~n d?i va d9 ng thai cua truYSn th6ng & Vi~t Nam: Nhfi'ng cach tiep c~n nhan hQc , A' truong va, k'IIII1 te 3 ban dia truac do khong dmlc quan Him trong bao t6n moi truemg. Toi de y d6n vi~c cac dg an bao phdn I: Mot ' 0 'B 1996). Danh sach cae chu - A eh0 vUng dat (Rundstrom 199, assn ). d' l' va dat ten v t5n thien nhien cua ti\ chirc phi chlnh phil phuong Tay va chfnh phu Viet Nam khOng sir dvng tri den lap ban do la ~ hien CUu vS IK 1a vo t~.. , ).). thuc bim dia, dia phucmg va ki6n thuc truYSn th6ng vS moi truemg khi giai thi~u cac lu~t va cac '*). " thS danb cho cae ng , , nh'). nha' hoc thuat da d~t van de ve ue co ' : . . A At da dang leu ., L' A Mnh Slr mai vS bao t6n vai nguOi dan Truemg Scm trong nhling nam gan day. Thay van do, hQ l?i 'A 1 IK co thS bao gom cac ye~ to ra " nhu thuat ngu IK (Agrawa119~?).:.. ly~ dga van cac quan diem clla ben ngoai vS cac t~p quan na~ clla cQng d6ng dia phucmg se duQ'c coi Tuy nhlen, vcua , moAt.thuat ' ngfr mang tlnh bao t~ A tren A. kha~'p cae vling tren tra! dat, de la co thS ch~p nh~n duQ'C va ho?t dQng nao khong the ch~p nh~n duQ'c. Vi~c t~p trung nhiSu hQat lruy~n phua~g tron~ A hi 1 hQ'P , tral rong d(lng bao t5n va~ mi~n Trung Viet Nam d\Ia tren cac phuong thuc ti€p c~ "khoa hQc", kh6ng mite dQ I, C1 " hire thilng,
  17. 4 Hi~n d?i va d
  18. 6 Hi~n d~i va d9ng thai cua truySn th6ng 0' Vi~t Nam: NhU'ng each tiep c~n nMn h9C PluJn I: M6i trU'ong va kinh d 7 (Luoga va nhUng mc gia khac 2000), Tuy nhien, mQt vai nha nhan hQc dff bay to m6i quan tam v€ - '" lru ). ve IK nh ung h kho" ng' goi no la tri thuc ban dia, Cac 0 h~ th6ng tri thuc duQ'c tim A hi~u cac phuong phap tiSp c?n phan lo~i nay d6i vai IK. HQ l?p lu?n dl1g "h~u hSt cac ban ke dan tQc h ng len c , ' d " l' thanA thoai truyen tlmyet, truy((n truyen kh au, Iu~"t t \Ic, v,v .. , (Ngo , , , " A 1 " thuang uac gOl a , , "h l' , kh' sinh hQc, t?P trung v€ li~t ke, chi d\lng ch~ dSn mQt phk nho tri thuc ban dia v€ sv da d~g sinh va thu twp 7< HA 'K' 1994' Ngo Duc Thinh 1996), Di nguQ'c sau on tra ~ qua u, 0 hQc, NhUng khao sat thvc V?t dan tQc hQc mang tinh mo ta thuk my vi~c cac loai thvc V?t duQ'c Duc Thim: 1992~ Do, ~~g to~ chi c~a cac nha truy€n giao va bQ ph?n quan dQi trong c,ac thm ~y su d\lng nhu thS nao cho chung ta biSt dt it v€ sv ho~t dQng cua thS giai tv nhien tir goc nhln ban chung ta cung thaI' cac han ; nhiA tho"ng tl'n veA IK mac dil chUng khong duQ'c gQl nhu v~y ,a , h'''n tran co eu , , 'A dia, co Ie vai gia dinh r~ng ngum ban dia noi chung khong quml tfull dSn cac m6i quan M giua thuQC dt va c Ie / 'A hien Clru cua Vien Ngon ngfr Mila He t~i khu V\l'C filen trung (Michaud 2004), VI dr nh~,n;~eu~f' t nh ch6ng My dff co chu Yto'i cac chu d€ thuQ~ IK, ba? cac 10M ho~c cac qua trinh sinh thai, ma chi quan tam dSn cac loai hfru ich" (Nabhan 2000: 1288), T~'UCrng, ~ml !ron ~u~t ~a~ruYh~c :nr~ia g (Jennings 1980); thu?t ghi chep su va truyen thuyet Nher co cac y kiSn phe binh nay, cac nghien cuu IK ngay cang kSt n6i cac M philn lo~i va gom, thie~ van hQc va 1976' 'c bb '1980)' va Iwit tuc va lu?t clUM thong (Gregerson 1980), dan tQc thvc V?t hQc vai cac cau hoi mang tilm nh?il thuc lu?il sau han, ch~ng h~ Imu tri thuc v€ truyen kh~u O?loo,d: c',S: A d~y ~ua~xu&t b~n dua 'va~ viec thu th?p cac lu?t tl,lc coua cac nho~ cac m6i quan h~ sinh thai ho~c cac qua trinh sinh thai dM h~ duQ'c san sinh fa nhu thS nao va Co m"Qt so ~uon sac ~m~~e~': khi hoi'thao do Quy Ford va Vi~n Dan tQc hQc duQ'c to chuc ~ D~c chung philn anh cac goc nhln thS giai quan dia phuong nhu thS nao (Mokuku va Mokuku 2004), dful tQc khac nhau, d~c h; dA , (N' "Du'c Thinh 1999b' a), Cac tap chi Vi~t Nam nhu Dan tQc .!, , ~ 1999 ve cue nay go , , " f.. b' 'b' ' Cac nghien Clru nay dff c6 g~ng vuqt ra khoi trQng tfull phful lo~i cua dan tQc thvc V?t hQc, va nhin Lac hoc vao nmn SocIal Vietnam " SCIences, va, .N"ong ng111(('''p va Phat trien Nong thon cling xuat an cac a! nh?n TEK la mQt h~ th6ng tri thuc quy mo tbng th~, thay vi chi la mQt d~ng philn lo~i va d~t ten tr~dg nhfi11g nam gk day t?P trung vao IK, , [cho cac 10M trong] thS giai [thvc V?t]; cac vi d\I v€ cac nghien Clru tbng hQ'P hon v€ TEK dff t?P trung vao cac chu d€ nlm xac dinh m6i quan h~ nhan qua trong thay dbi moi truang va tim hiSu tri " , ' / h f Sp can crunh chiSm uu the, trong kllOi ' lUQ'ng un" 1'" , can l yU ngay 'g ~ Hmg '" ve, IK" MQt Val cac 1 A , "d' a h ua cac Ioai cay dac bletla cac thuc v€ cac khai ni~m sinh thai din ban (Berkes va nhfrng tac gia khac 1998), Vi d\l, trong mQt , Mot cach tiSp c?n t?P tlUng vao vi~c SUll tmn ca: ten, t p ~an~~m dSn kSt wi c~c d~ sach q Ii nghien Clru vai ngum Turkana t~i Kenya, tri thuc ban dia v€ sv pMt tan diy trong tiSn trinh tim an cay' sir dung lam thu6c va thuQc tfnh cua nhfrnl? cay nay, th~ong, T A Th , " An 2005) Cac cua loai voi dff dem l~i y tuong mai cho mQt nhom cac Ima tlwc V?t hQc la nhung ngum khong biSt duQ'c hi~n tuQ'llg nay (Stave & c,s, 2007), MQt nghien Clru khac v€ nllung ngum chan gia suc " ," cua mQt so c~c ~ay ~~u~c f.., a:n"t' Q ~1~ cu the (HuYlm Van Keo & ran d'h l((n khac nhau va cac hinh thai da d~g gien do nghien Clru ve cac lOa! cay no~g n~ ll((~A ta ~on~ _ _ I' mot chu d€ cua mot vai nghien Clru l ' dan tQc Himba (y Nmnibia dff phcit hi~n ra tri thue cua hQ v€ cac ki~u mua va h~n han hoan toan ." d" d' h g va cac dan toc thleu so nanl gm cung a , ,',,,, A, ngum ml ta p uon ' / " kh / 2005) trong do co cac nghien CUll ve cac, hung khap vai cac du li~u "khoa hQc" do cac tr~m klli tuQ'llg thu th?p duQ'c, di€u do chi ra r~ng ,~ 7< Thi N Hue va nhfrng tac gta ac , gan day (Nptlyen . ~Qc ~ " , A d ' ba v€ mat kinh tS nhu cM "Shan" ho~c "ga TEK co th~ dUQ'e su d\lng d~ thay thS mQt cach co hi~u qua va 1t t6n kem cho vi~c thea doi quan tr~c ky thu?t v€ sv thay dbi cua moi truerng (Bollig va Schulte 1999), lo~i san phfull nong 12gl11((P d~c ~an codt)heN;?c qua~~" lru v~ cac hoat dong nong nghi~p ho~c den Hmong" (Nguyen Hinh Mmh n, '~ "mng ng, ~en c A ," rfr coo la mot nhfrng giai phap ky thu?t dia phuang v~ nong n~hi((p MU7 cac giai phap dem den mQt hieu blet ve the glOl,quan (phan h D~ Nh"t 1999) Tuy nhien nhieu trong co th~ duQ'c g~ vao vO'i ho~t dQng truy~n th6ng trong cong tac phcit tri~n (Nadasdy 1999, Nygren 1996; 1998; Ngo Duc Thinh & Canl TrQng 19?9;,P an " an¥ '" ~ r h~ nao dS nhUng Iuat MU 1999; Briggs 2005), Vi~c "chQn Iva" tri thuc ban dia d~ ap d\lllg vao cac dv an C\l th~ thuang tach nhfrng nghien Clru nay khong cho chung ta mQt cam nh~n ;~ V~((C :mdteA duong dai nhu th~ nao, IK ra khoi b6i canh [C\l th~ cua IK] va l&y di cua tri thuc ban dia cai phong phu v€ 9 nghI'a cua no, ' , h'" ' h ' g tllich hap VOl cac van , V?y tiep ,tl;Ic thay doi qU~"t m, glan v~ c _~, nh~ Ia mot dm1h muc cac tan tich cua qua ~u, Ngum ta dff nh&n m~nh vao kinh nghi~m Iu?n va tri thuc thvc ti~n thay vi vao nh?n thuc lu?ilva Nguy hiem Ia nhung nghien CUll IK nay se t xe~, A' f.. :., ~ ck duac bao ton h~ gia tri dia phuong (Briggs 2005), Vi~c tach IK ra khOi b6i canh C\l th~ cua no co th~ duQ'c th&y r&t it lien quan vo'i hi~n t~i ho~c bi xem nhd~ IH a ,~ac t~y~nnthghiO~e"gn tclUll~ c1~n;e th6ng hon v~ toan ro trong website v€ IK cua Ngan hang ThS giO'i dff duQ'c d€ C?P (y tren, Nhfrng lo~i li~t ke va cac , " h"' l' "I "n thay 01 Iem co cac , nguyen v((n chu khong p al a cm uo A ' , A f.. ~ , " " hien Clru ta trung vao ho~t dQng chuy~n giao cua Ngan hang ThS giO'i va nhfrng ca quan phat tri~n khac cling t~o nen bo nhan thuc luan cua IK trong cac cQng dong thi~u so, d~c bl((~ ~a cac n , g , ,'Paf.. do" pha't mQt cach nhln nh?n v€ IK nhu tri thuc mang HIm ch&t tInh chu khong phili la kiSn thuc duQ'c lien " , ;\ , b" ' , h th Y dOl nhm1h chong a cac c p . viec su dung tri thuc ban dia dang thay dOl trong ol can a ' M nh Q " 2006) Toi tl;Ic san sinh va tai san sinh tuy thea cac nhu du va sv thay dbi cua cac nhu du nay trong cQng tri~n kinh tS (y nhi€u vling cao nguyen (Bili Xuan ,!,ruang 1~99; Hoang ~ uan ' d6ng, Vi~c bao t6n lo~i tri thuc thea ki~u tach no ra khoi moi truang cua no duQ'c xem nhu la co nghI' r~g r&t ck co nhi€u hmllo~i nghien Clru M thong nhu v~y, , v&n d€ (Semali & Kincheloe 1999; Agrawal 2002), N1~un n hien Clru v€ IK khong giO'ih~ ~ moi tru~ng han.!, lfull (YA Vi~t ~mn, Thvc V?y,.~Qt ~o 3. Bim luan v~ tri thrrc ban dia 0' Viet Nam . .. nhUng n6 file ~&m nh&t thllc dii~quan, tam ;:hieu, han :~ ~~ ~i::g~~"';,;~i=U::~~: ~: Khong ro r~ng thu?t ngu IK (thuang duQ'c dich ra la "tri thue him ilia", doi khi con gQi la "tri t?P trung vao phat trien ho~c, cac" ~V, an ~ol truon:~c Lfull n hie (FSI), Mot trong nhUng dV an thue truy§n th6ng") duQ'c su d\lllg lk d~u tien (y Vi~t Nmn khi nao, nhung mQt vai vi~n va nha moi truang) thuQc DHQG Ha N,QI va Vl((n ??a " g ,.P "t thanh t6 uan trong cua ho~t nghien Clru dff su d\lllg tlmang xuyen thu?t ngu nay vao giua nhfrng nam 90 (Le TrQng Cuc phcit tri~n duQ'c tai trQ' d~u tien de t?P trung ro rang vao IK ~u la ~? Clru pha~ triSn 'qu6c t~ cua 1998), Tuy nhien, truac do, cac nha nhan hQc va dan tQc hQc (y Vi~t Nmn dff thmn gia vao cac dQng moi truerng l~i la mQt dy an, du?c I~Rd~ (T:u~~ ta~'tn;,l~nnong nghiep mi~n nm (y Vi~t Canada) va Quy Ford tai trQ' ve ''Tn thuc ban ta va VI((C pane ,
  19. 9 8 Hi~n d~i va d9ng thai ella truy~n th6ng o· Vi~t Nam:,NhU'ng each tiSp e~n nban hQe 1: M6i va kinh t~ , , . A/'" tam v~ bao t6n trong nhfrng nam gful day. Sv chu y " d' d' em co nhieu mOl quan . " h' , , , . , Nam" do TS. Hoang Xuan Ty a FSI Utm chu nhi~m. DV an nay nhfun tim hiSu "kh6i tri thuc ban SO'll, mQt Ala 1 ." "h' 'nhung nam 1990, mQt Val lOa! t u co vu mm rna dia da dang dong vai tro quan tn;mg trong vi~c huOOg dfu1 cac ho~t dQng nong nghi~p va chi~n lu9'c , h 100 tir Vlec kham para, vao " b" t t hi nay b~t nguon p an .; t' hu Sao 1a (Pseudoryx nghetinhensis). MQt ,a! rong ~p ~A si~ t6n'cua hQ", va dS dua ra "cac khuy~n nghi lien quan d~n bao t6n va phat triSn tri thuc ban dia trUac do khoa hQc chua m:eu "a, n nhfrng kham pM. v6 cac Ioai, dua ra y kien Ia vimg mIen hien tai va nang cao ung d\lng hqp ly cua chUng trong d6ng ruQng" (Hoang Xuan Ty 1998; To N ature [Thien nhien] li~t ke mQtd~ond~ A a~t sinh vat 1a nm rna cac 10ai nguyen sinh dff tuy~t Lhm &, Hoang Xuan Ty 2001). CQng d6ng cac nha tai tr9' ti~p wc phat triSn y wang v~ IK trong l ' ot "vling oc ao ve m ., , h- t' ., nui cua Vi~t am am.. N , .', h;( /. " t d~n cu6i th~ k5' XX" (Groves va n ung ac gm cac dv an phat triSn. Thvc v~y, phk Ion cac vi d\l v~ IK a Vi~t Nam du9'c tim th~y trong nhi~ucO' , nh- nm khac 1a! co t e song so , " h d-" khu chung tU Iau a, :rug 200 trieu do-la giup dO' bao ton cac dQng v~t ?ru;g ~;ra cac , sa du li~u Internet chinh do cac dv an du9'c tai trq dua len, nhu cac qui dinh v~ lam nghi~p cQng khac 1997). Tu nam 1995, han . " " k~t giup Viet Nam va rat nhleu khu bao d- d cac nha tal tra nuac ngoa! cam .' anh 1" ,. hA d6ng cua ngum Thai du9'c tim hiSu bm dV an Phat triSn Lam nghi~p Xff hQi song 8a cua GTZ bao t6n (KBT) a ~~c 1" thuoc B6 Nong nghiep va Phat triSn Nong thon th', ~p, vm~.~ (Anon. n.d.). Nha t:ii trq ~p hung nhi~u vao IK nh~m dS hiSu du9'c cac qui diM va truy~n th6ng t6n m6i du9'c C\lc,Kie~. a.n: 'A' . Tru6n 'San duO'c thanh l~p tir 1998 den ~oo~. }e~ ("lu~t")·cua cQng d6ng rna ngum ta co thS thu tMp va Slr dl,lllg nhu la cac cong C\l dS l~p k~ ho~ch Ian cac khu bao ton ~m t~l ml~n ~~g cac Ia! tlUang ~ua tinh va cac cong ty che, bien go co trong lam nghi~p cQng d6ng dia phuang va cac k~ ho~ch Slr dl,lllg t:ii nguyen khac (86 8inh Sam trong s6 cac khu bao ton ~o t:u ac a , a, 0 , , 'h hfru va quan ly nay la ph6 bien tren toan 1 2002; Morris & c.s. 2002). Ti~p c~n nay d6i v6i IK co thS du9'c xem chu y~u la mQt h~ phan lo~i, dfnh dang d~n nha nu6c sa huu va qua~ y, ~a cac ,--.s~----~-----l--I ." Nam. M"t Q khi chung du9'c chuyen , thanh vi no tham gia vao vi~c li~t ke cac qui dinh ho~c qui t~c rna du6ng nhu thich hqp v6i nhfrng gi rna VIet " , dv an tai tr9' dang ling hQ. Nhu toi dff luu y atren, trong gi6i hQc gia phuO'ng Tay, kiSu ti~p c~ li~t kh' bao t6n cling co nghla la se ~ong con cac ke nay d6i v6i IK bi phe phan vi da tach IK ra khoi b6i canh cua n6 (Briggs 2005). ho~t dong khai thac nao trong do, ke c,a ca~ ho~t LEGEND ' do~g c~a cQng d6ng dia ~huang nhu l~ kh~l th~c Tuy nhien, nhfrng ti~p c~n nhu v~y co thS du9'c xem la ti~n bQ khi du9'c so saM v6i vi~c x no"ng nghiep go, . , san ban va thu nh~t . cac san nhi~u chinh sach cua chinh phu da coi nhy IK dia phuang. Ta chi ck nhin vao cac chinh sach da phfunrUng. c6 tir Iau nh~m xoa bo nong nghi~p nuang r~y nhu la mQt vi d\l v~ vi~c thi~u sv ch~p nh~ thoi Tuy nhien, khi cac khu bao t~n nay du?c DAK~ONG NR quen, tri thuc va m6i quan tam dia phuang (McElwee 2004). MQt bfuIg chUng nua v~·vi~c thi~u thi~t l~p, nguai ta it ho~c kh~ng :~p, trung v~o sv chu y cua chinh phu d6i v6i IK co thS th~y trong cac hanh dQng cua chinh phu Vi~t Nam trong . " xem nhfrng nh6m .dan nao da su dl,lllg cac vi~c hoan thanh cac nghla V\l cua mQt qu6c gia kY vao Cong uac v~ da d~g sinh hye (CBD), Vlec h 'th;( b' aM . An tai nguyen rung nay va Q co . e., l cong uac nay xac dinh IK phai du9'c xem nhu la mQt thanh t6 quan trQng cua vi~c bao t6n moi nguo - A Nhi" khu huang ra sao bm cac no lvc bao to~. e~ " tlU6ng a cac nuac ky k~t (8i~u 80) cua Cong uac). T~t ca cac nuac ky Cong uac phai trinh cac vuc cua mi6n Trung Truang ,San, ill xua la qu: bao cao thu6ng xuyen v~ vi~c thvc hi~n CBD cua hQ va tra 1m cac diu hoi v~ cac ph~n khac nhau . huang ' ~an cua nhieu " tQc thi"eu so, "bao ," gom . ca, cua CBD du9'c thvc hi~n cho d~n hi~n nay nhu th~ nao. Vi d\l, m~u bao cao hoi cac nuac v~ li~u " BruNan Kieu Pa col Pa Hy/ Ta 01, ya hQ Oa thvc hi~n cae bi~n phap dS nang cao va cung c6 nang lvc cua cQng d6ng ban dia va dia nguO'l " C' T nguO'l a u. LI ns . ' hinh thanh cac' khu- b' t" ao onb' phuang trong vi~c tham gia hi~u qua vao vi~c quy~t dinh c6 lien quan d~n Slr dl,lllg tri thuc truy~n 6i nhi6u trong s6 nhfrng cQng dong nay da 1 th6ng cua hQ, nhfrng d6i m6i va ho~t dQng c6 lien quan d~n vi~c bao t6n va Slr dl,lllg b~n vfrng da ~an 'ch~ nghiem ng~t vS m~t ~~t d:ii rna hQ C? the d~g sinh hQc. Bao cao mai nh~t cua Vi~t Nam v6i CBD khfuIg dinh rfuIg chi mQt vai nghien CUu sir dl,lllg dS canh tac nuO'ng ray, clin~ nh~ bl ~~n "nho, khong c6 tfnh M th6ng" v~ IK du9'c thvc hi~n, trich dfu1 cac nghien CUu du9'c tai tr9' nuac chS trong vi~c thu nh~t va Slr dl,lllg "cac s~n pham ngoai nhu cua TS. Hoang Xuan Ty va nhfrng ngm'yi khac. Them vao do, ti~p c~ kiSu len danh rung nhu g6, cui, la CQ, may, va dQng v~t h~~g dff. C\l thS a day toi se ban lu~ hai trong ~o c~c sach m\lc I\lc v~ IK chi~m uu th~, va vi~c thi~u hiSu bi~t v~ IK nhu la mQt ngu6n tri thuc co h~ khu bao t6n thien nhien m6i Ii Khu Bao ton th6ng, co thS du9'c th~y 1'5 rang trong vi~c tra 1m d.u hoi, "8~t nuac b~ co tr9' giup cac cQng thien nhien song Thanh a phia Tay Q~an~ Na:n d6ng ban dia va dia phuang thvc hi~n cac nghien CUu thvc dia dS xac dinh tinh tr~g, xu hUOOg va nhfrng m6i de dQa lien quan d~n tri thuc, nhfrng sang t~o va cac ho~t dQng cua cQng d6ng dia va Khu Bao t6n thien nhien Dakrong 0' phia Tay . , Kh bao tBn Dakrong va song Thanh Quang' T' ( q xem hinh 1) Hinh 1. VI tn u . A. h phuang va dan tQc khong?"; va Vi~t Nam dff tra lai "Nhi~u nghien cUu du9'c thvc hi~n v6i cac hanh la vao nam 2000 va bao gom 93,249 a gi6ng lua, cac cay c6 cu; cac cay thu6c, cac city an qua c\l thS nhu cam, bum." (C\lC Bao v~ Moi Khu Bao t6n thien nhien song T~anh ~u9'C : " . pN Giang va Phuac San cua Quang tlU6ng 2006). Vi~c nh~p IK vao ki~n thuc k5' thu~t va h~ phan lo~i thvc v~t la diSn hinh cho cach vimg 15i va 108,398 ha VUng d~m, nat? t~en ~m ~U~y~. ; : nhu cha va chan do (Pygathrix d~ c~p d~n IK rna toi th~y trong nhfrng I~n lam vi~c v6i dich V\l khuy~n nong va cac t6 chuc chinh Nam. Khu Bao t6n du9'c thanh l~p de bao Vy cac oat ~"b' ve luu vuc song Thu B6n va phukhac. , A - d' g vai tro quan trong trong VlyC a o . . , b nemaeus). Khu Bao ton cung on, ." .,,' akr d thanh lap vao nam 2001 va ao , uan T' Kh B' 0 ton thien nhien Dong u a c . 1 " , Vu Gia. d 9 g q, u a, hinh thanh lap khu bao t6n nay la vi~c tai phat hi~n o,at ~a 4. Sfr d\mg va sfr d\mg sai I~ trong vi~c bao tan 0' Vi~t Nam trinn vling dat rQng 40,526 ha. Ly ~o c, ~ 6 lk nhin th~y cu6i cung loai chim nay la vao loi lam Edwm'ds (Lopl~ura e~Wa;dST! v~o n~ 19~A' b~ co dong song Dakrong (Th~ch Han) Bay gia toi muf>n d~ c~p d~n cac vi d\l C\I thS v~ vi~c IK du9'c Slr dl,lllg va Slr dl,lllg sai nhu th~ nam 1929. Khu Bao ton phan 100 la nmg vung ong ang nao, d~c bi~t trong ho~t dQng bao t6n moi tru6ng. Khu Vl,l'C trQng tam cua toi la mi~n Trung
  20. 10 Hi~n d~i va d9 ng thai eua truYSn th6ng 0' Vi~t Nam: Nha'ng each ti~p e~n nhiin hQe A' va kinh d 11 chay qua. a ca hai Khu Bao t6n nay, t~t ca cac khu V\l'c co rung bao phu trong ranh gi&i cua ~~m I: MOl , "" 'ng ho~c . 'nh' hv vanf.. Aa- su dung nit it thm glan a c~c cQ 1hi ~n cac ~,f.. a lU ~ tir .tinh va huyen ve, kI'nl1 te~ va, san , vi~c th~p ~~ I~Ut ba~ Khu Bao t6n dc3u khong con la vling dat rna nguOi dan dja phuang co the ra vao tv do hgp , A - hoi cua klm Vl,1'c; tuy 1 e l'U phap, va can b
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