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- NHONG B I E N DONG TRONG CHiNH SACH CUA MY Otil VOU CHAU A - THAI BlNH DUVNG THAP N I C N DAU T H £ KY XXI: COSOrTH^TliNVALtLUAN NGUYEN T H A I YfeN HlTONG' N hiing nim diu thdp l^y ^^i hai cua thd ky XXI dang ching kidn nhflng bidn ddng ddng cfi y nghia eiia My tgi khu My ddi vdi khu vi^c. D l gdp phin cfi dflpc dfinh gid mdt cflch khich quan vd diln b i ^ gin dfiy cd nhilu cfich tidp e^n v i giai vflc ehdu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, khdng chi thfch, cflch tilp cdn dfla vio Ijch s i v i cd sd bing cfic ldi tuydn bd c i a Idnh dgo My - ly ludn l i muc dfch m i t i c gia bii vilt niy trong thdng didp lidn bang thfing 2-2012, hfldng tdi. Tdng thdng Barack Obama da nhflii mgnh Trong sudt qud trlnh ljeh s i hinh thdnh "nfldc My Ik mdt cfldng quoc Thfii Binh v i phfit triln cua nfldc My. mdt thi?c td Dudng" vd di kdm Id hdng logt ddng thdi khdng t b l p h i nhdn, da dflpc nhilu nhi tao ndn mdi quan tfim trong gidi hogch nghidn ciu My v i thd gidi chia a&, dd li dinh ehfnh sfich v i nghien cflu trdn t b l nhdn t h i e cua ban thfin cfic n h i lanh dgo gifii. Bdn canh diy. tbeo chu ky nfldc My My v i ndn tang ly lu^n tdc ddng tdi nh^Ln. hidn nay dang trong giai dogn chuIn bi cho t h i e chfnh tri c i a Chfnh phu MS ddi vdi mdt cufie biu c i mdi chua ro thing Ipi nbflng diln bidn xay ra trong hd thdng thufic vd Dang Dfin chu hay Dang Cdng chfnh trj thd gidi da quydt djnh r i t nhilu hda, Tidp theo diln bidn gin ddy nhd't cua ddn vide hp dfla ra nhiing phan iing nhu My ddi vdi khu vi^c, trong gidi nghidn ciu thd nio d ^ vdi si^ thay ddi dang diln ra My d i cd ludng nhdn djnh eho r i n g My trdn thd gidi v i cflc khu v\tc khdc nhau. dang chuyin hfldng sang kbu vi^c chfiu A - Nhdn t h i e n i y ciing t i y thudc vdo tfic ddng Thdi Binh Dfldng. Ludng y kidn t h i bai lgi c i a cfich nhdn thflc. t i c l i vide cdc nhd cho ring My vSn tidp ti^c sU ed m$t tai khu hogch djnh v i triln khai chfnh sfich x i sU vi^c, nhing h i n h ddng gin ddy chi l i dilu nhu thd n i o dfii vdi bidn thijlc khfieb quan; chinh theo hfldng tdng cfldng c b i khfing dilu niy lidn quan ddn quan nidm chfnh tri phai 8\f chuydn hfldng. Tuy nhidn. cfic y cia chfnh hp v i tiinh dp nh^n thie, t i c U kiln ddu chia se Id khu vuc vd cu t b l l i cfich t h i e cfic ehfnh khfieb niy thi hidn Vi§t Nam sd chju tdc ddng bdi nbiing dilu nhdn t h i e cua minh trong q u i trinh trien chinh ho$c tilp tyc trong ehfnh sfich c i a khai theo mdt trinh tU nhU thd nio. Vi vfiy, TGS.TS. Hpc v i ^ Ngogi giao
- RhOmg blgn dQng frong ehlnh s6eh cia niy,. dl hidu rfi dflpc b i t ky vide hogch dinh vd Chu nghia Bidt lfip (1) Id mdt tfl duy triln khai cbfnh sfich cua My trong mdt chidn Iflpc ddi ngogi cia My trong mdt thdi giai dogn cu thd ndo deu ndn dua vd 4 ydu gian ddi v i sau ndy trd thdnh mfit xu td trong chidn Iflpc ddi vfii khu vi^c eua My: budng trong chfnh sdeh dfii ngoai eia My. 1) Tfl duy chfnh trj cua cdc n h i lanh dgo Chi ngbia Bidt Up l i xu bUfing mudn My My; 2) Thfl ti^ flu tiSn cua khu vi^c dd vfii ding ngoii cfic cdng vide eua qude tdvdi Up khu vi^c khfic trdn t b l gidi theo cfich tidp ludn r^ng "My ndn trfinh lidn minh Vinh cfin so sfinh trinh tt; flu tidn; 3) Mi^c tiSu viln vdi bd't ky khu vi^e ndo trdn thd gidi". cia My dfii vdi khu vflc trong giai dogn cy Chu nghia Bi^t Up dflpc ra ddi trong bdi thd v i 4) Vide thijc hidn chidn Iflpc v i phgm canh nfldc My mdi giinh dpc Idp, t h i v d lUc vi cbfnh sfich dflpc triln khai. rd't ylu so vfii cdc d l qude chfiu Au, do d6 phai ddn li^c dl ciing cd ddc Up. phfit triln 1. Tit duy chinh tri cua cfic n h i l i n h chi nghia tu ban My v i gfiy dflng anh dgo - ndn t&ng chinh sflch ddti ngogi My hfldng d Tfiy bfin elu. Nim 1793. trfldc kbi Vide hogch djnh v i triln khai chidn lupc rdi nhidm sd Tdng thdng G. Washington an ninh v i dfii ngogi cua My tfly thudc d tuyfin bd My "trung Up" d£fi vdi cudc chidn mic dp ldn vio quan dilm cua gidi lanh tranh Anh - Phfip "Lidn bang My cd y dinh dgo My va thien hfldng cbfnh trj trong thvic hidn m§t chfnh sdch thfin" Uli^n vd chfnh quyen My. Cho d i mi^c tidu ed ban cdng b^ng, khfing thidn vi vdi edc cfldng qude dang tham chien" (2). Sau G, trong chien Iflpc an ninh cua My khdng Washington, cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky thay ddi, vide hoach djnh chinh adch eu tbl ndy diu rdt th^n trpng can du qude td, nh^m dat dfldc myc tidu chien Iflpc phu trfinh lidn minh, tranh gay kl t h i d l tfip thufic vdo quan dilm cua bd mdy hogch trung vdo cung c l the chd chfnh tri v i thflc dinh chfnh sfich an ninh, ddi ngogi. Ly do \\fc eua nfldc My, Anh hfldng cua Chu nghia chfnh Id vi ehfnh quyen phai dung hoi Ipi Bidt U P UU nay tfldng ddi thd'p. Trong lich fch gifla cdc phdi nhdm dl dl ra chfnh sfich s i . su t h i t bgi cua My tgi Vi^t Nam v i sau CO ldi nhfi't cho ldi ich qude gia. cho giai cdp ndy Id tbfi't bai cua chfnh quyin tdng thdng thing tri My trong tiftig giai dogn lich s i Bush tgi Trung Dfing da thie diy Chu dhdt dinh. Nhin tdng t h i co thd thdy tfl nghia Bidt Ifip trong chfnh sdch doi ngogi duy cua cfic nhd hogch dinh cbinh afich cia My. Cfi the ndi chfnh quyin Obama hidn My chiu anh hfldng eua cdc trfldng phfii ly nay se khdng v^n dung hpc thuyet ndy. ludn cd ban l i Chu nghia Bi^t Up, Chu nghia Hidn thi^c, Chu nghia Tfl do, Chu Cdn theo cdch tidp cdn cia Chi nghia nghia tfin Hidn thi^c... Mdt m§t, chidn iflpc Hidn thvtc, hd thdng cbfnh trj qude tl" chiu chfnh tri c i a My l i mdt svt kdt hpp cua bin tfic dfing eua ba vfi'n dl c h i dgo: 1) Cfic loai quan nidm chfnh tri ndy. Didu niy lim qude gia theo dudi Ipi fch, chi khfing phai cho chfnh adch vd h i n h vi cua My t b l hidn hfia binh; ndu chidn tranh xfim Iflpc v i cfic ro cdc mdt khfic nhau. Mfit khdc, anh bidn pbdp khdc phuc vi^ ldi fch cua hp thi hfldng tUdng ddi c i a bdn trfldng phdi ly tim kidm hda binh chi cdn Id ao tfldng; 2) luan CO ban ndy khdc nhau trong thdi ky Sic mgnh chfnh tri v i qudn sy l i nhiing nhdt dinh. Dfiy chinh U dilm cdt ldi lim ydu td chu dgo cua quyin lflc; 3) Trong khi cbo cbfnh sdch eua My cfi tfnh quy luSit vd cdc wda dl khfic nhfl thfldng mai vd nhan tfnh I n dinh nhdt djnh. quyin quan trong hdn trfldc Ida. chien
- Rghien ciii Ljeh sit, atf ».2Qt2 tranh vd xfim Iflpc v&n n^m d trung tfim dfln c b i vd kh& nfing t h i e diy cdc qude gia chfldng trinh nghj si^ qude t l (3). An ninh khdc phfit triln thfldng mgi ty do. Quan qude gia dflpc hilu chi ydu Id an ninh qufln nidm vd sic mgnh qufic gia c i a C h i nghia a}f v i sic mgnh qude gia dflpc ddnh gifi ehi Ty do vi vdy cing cd anh hfldng ddn ede ydu trdn cd sd s i c mgnh qufin si^. Thuylt bidn pbdp chfnh sfich ddi ngoai. Khdc v6i Hidn thi^c mdi (4) di;la trdn nhing nguyin C h i nghia Hidn thyc, C h i nghia Ty do ly cd ban cia thuydt Hidn thi^c cd didn, tuy khdng nhln mgnh vide s i dyng cfic biln nhiln nhln mgnh vio tfnh cd'u t r i e trong phfip cfldng ehd, s i dyng aflc mgnh qufin sy quan hd qude t l coi cfic cfldng qude cd vai 1dm edng cy trong quan hd qude td. Nbflng trd trung tfim v i ddng thdi nhfl!n mgnh din ngudi ty do thifin vl nhiing bidn phfip ba bd thdng ciu t r i e trong quan hd qude td, "mdm", ding s i c mgnh kinh td, anh hfldng gdm: ddn cijlc, hai ci^e v i da cijlc. Bdn cgnh cbfnh trj v i cfic gifi trj dfln chu dl tfic ddng dd'y, cfic nhd Tfin hidn thyc cung nhfi'n nh&m dgt dupe kdt qua roong mudn. Chu mgnh tdi uy tfn, anh hfldng vd vj t b l cua ngbia ty do cfi lie sd ndng ldn thdnh lye qude gia l i ylu td' khdng t b l thilu b l sung Iflpng chu dgo, nhflng dS bj suy ydu, khfi cho sflc mgnh qufln svt. Chu nghia Hidn klo dii, Trong thdi ky Tdng thdng Barack tbvlc v i nhflng quan didm c h i dgo cia nd l i Obama vd dfii vdi chfiu A Thdi Binh trfldng phdi ly ludn cd anh budng ldn trong DUPng C h i nghia Ty do s5 c6 djp phfit huy, sudt thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh. Xem xlt d My. nbflng trUdng phfii tfl duy ddi trong mdt thdi p a n ddi. nd l i dong chay ngogi niy lufin tdn tgi song song, anh ehfnh c i a chfnh adch ddi ngoai My. Dilu hfldng lie mgnh hdn hay ylu di. t i y thufic niy lim cho chidn lUdc dd'i vdi ehdu A • vdo tinh binh tCtng l i e v i mdt phin vio Thfii Binh Dudng gii ving tfnh dn djnh quan didm dang phfii cua mSi tdng thdng n h i t djnh, My. M$c d i c6 sy khfic bidt giia cde nhdm. nhflng sy khfic nhau niy chi U tfldng dfii. Chi nghia TU do coi trong vai trd ciia cfi khi nbflng ngfldi thudc phfii ndy Ui cfi kinh td v i tfl do cd nhfln. Chfnh vl v$y, sic ngudn gdc tfl phfii kia v i trong qufi trinh mgnh qufic gia dupc nhln nhfin trfldc bdt v i phfit triln cd bd sung v i dilu chinh nhit chu ydu t i sfl phdn thjnh kinh td c i a mdt djnh. Didu ndy 1dm eho ehfnh sdch eiia My qufic gia v i svt truyin bfi cfic gifi trj dfln cd tfnh quy ludt v i tfnh dn djnh nhdt dinh. cbi. nh&n quyin kilu My nhfl tvt do cfl Theo y kidn cua nhilu n h i phfin tfch v i hpc nhfin (5). Si? truyin bfi cua cdc quyin ty do gia, quan didm chu dgo ve s i c mgnh qufic dfin ehi theo Chu nghia Ty do l i mdt bd gia cua cfic chfnh quyin My thdi ky sau phfin elu thinh quan trpng cua sic mgnh Chiln tranh Ignh v i thdp >^ilii i^u thd ky qude gia. Khfic vdi cdc n h i hidn thyc, XXI, l i sy pha trdn, kdt hpp gifla Chi nhing ngfldi theo Chu ngbia Ty do cho ngbia Hi$n thyc v i Chu nghia Ty do, Nhbi ring cfic thidt c h l qude td cfi tlm quan chung. cfic tdng thdng Dang Cdng hda thidn trpng d^c bidt v i hd qua tfi't ylu cua sy vl tfl duy bidn thyc chfnh trj trong khi phfit triln mgnh md c i a trlnh dd khoa hpc Dang Dfln chu tbiSn hdn vl C h i nghia Ty edng nghd v i phfln cdng lao ddng qufic td l i do, song khfing cd chfnh quyin nio thuin sy cin thidt phai hdi nhdp qude td, Mdt t i y theo c h i nghTa hidn thyc hay ty do. dilm dflng c h i y khdc Id vide Chu nghia Ty Chfnh vl vdy. ni$c d i chu nghia tan hidn do cho rling s i e manh qufic gia cdn dflpc thyc dang c6 chilu hfldng quay trd lai trong t h i hidn d kha nfing phd bidn cflc gid trj
- tthCmg bi4&i dpng frong chinh 56eh cio my,. chinh sach cua My vdi chdu A - Thdi Binh cia nfldc Nga. Cfi y kidn cho ring, Trung A Dfldng do sfl xult bidn cua "nhdn td Trung Id ving d i t "trfii tim" cua bai chfiu luc Au, Qud'c", chinh sfich dd se dfla trfin sfl kdt hpp A. Vi vfiy, vi^c gfin hai chfiu lye Au, A vdi khdo ldo gifla qufin sy vd s i c mgnh ngogi nhau trong cfic phfin tfch dia chiln lUpc giao v i cbi ding qudn sfl nhfl lidu phdp p h i hpp vdi thyc tiin quan hd quIc t l t i eudi cflng. Dfi Id sfl k i t hpp gifla ede nguydn kbi xay ra Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai tic vd chu nghia thflc di^ng chfl khdng phai ddn nay, ddc bidt Id trong bfii canb todn elu tbeo y thflc hp cflng nhfic, bod tfl cuoi thdky XX. Chdu Au gin bd vdi My khfing chi vi Ipi 2. Thijf t y liu tidn cua khu vijfc chfiu fch an ninh, m i cdn vi nhflng gin bfi vdn A - Thai Binh Dticftig t r o n g chidn lifOc bda lfiu ddi, lidn b^ ching tdc truyin thdng. toan cau cua My Lich s i nhdp cfl eia nfldc My Id bSng Chinh sfich e i a My dfii vdi chfiu A - Thfii chflng gin gdc r l eua My chfnh Id t i chau Binh Dfldng nim trong td'ng t b l chidn Iflpc Au. Sfl cfi mdt cua My tgi khu vflc da dflpc todn ciu cia My k l t i trong thdi ky nfldc xfic U P tfl aau Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai My tham gia vdo bd thdng chinh tri thd nhim tgo dilng vj trf cia My tgi khu vyc, gidi. Cho ddn nay, chie'n lupc todn ciu cia ddng thdi nbu Henry Kissinger da tflng My triln kbai quanh luc dja Au - A, trong nhdn xdt "My vd chdu Au cfi mpt ldi ich tiing giai dogn nhd't djnh sfl flu tidn se "dao chimg trong vide ngdn can cac chinh sdch ddng" gifla hai khu vyc cd tlm quan trpng dfin tdc khfing kiem che eua Dflc vd Nga dja ehfnh trj ndy. Cdc nhd dja chiln lUdc tranh gidnh nhau trung tdm luc dja chdu My d cac thdi ky khac nhau tfl Alfred Au" (9). Chfnh vi vdy, trong sudt thdi gian Thayer Mahan den Brzezinski deu dua ra Chidn tranh lanh, chau Au trd thdnh ndi nhflng quan dilm khac nhau vl sy hogch dupc My chu trpng mpi ngudn lflc trong dinh chfnh aaeh khu vflc va trinh tfl trpng trien khai chinh sach ddi ngogi nhim ngdn didm ehiln Ifldc doi vdi chfiu Au vd chau A. chfin anh hfldng cua Lidn Xd vd hd thdng Khai nidm "luc dia Au - A" dflpc Brzezinski xa bpi chi ngbia phoi hpp vfii vide kilm (6), dua ra trong culn "Bdn cd ldn: Uu tidn soat cdc nfldc ehdu Au cu (10). Cdc tong vd ldi fch dja chinh tri cua My" (7), Tuy thdng cua thdi ky h^u Chidn tranh lanh nhidn, tdc gia diu tidn cua y tfldng gbdp nhfl Bush (cha), CUnton vd Bush (con) da hai chdu luc niy vdi nhau ed Id Id Mac the hidn sy dilu chinh chinh sfich cia My Kinder vd Nicholas Spykman. Theo ddi vfii chfiu A - Thfii Bbih Dfldng. Tuy Spykman: T h a i lya chpn mdt chfnh sfich nhidn, trong giai dogn ndy, dfii vdi nfldc doi ngogi khiin cbo trdn luc dia Au • A My, khu vyc Trung Dfing ciing Id mot khu khfing nay sinh mfit quydn lye chi phfii cd vyc "ndng" thu hut nhieu sflc lflc. O chfiu tinh fip dao d chau Au va Viln Ddng, cfi Au, sy ra ddi vd cung ed Lidn minh chfiu nhfl vgy, nin an ninh vd ddc Idp cia quoc Au, vige cfic moi quan hp gifla cfic nUfic ldn gia ndy (nfldc My) mdi dfldc dam bao chic va edc qude gia tgi chdu Au khfing cdn cfing chdn" (8). Ve dja ly tfl nhidn, hai chau luc thfing vd phflc tgp v i ddng thdi Id mpt nfldc Au, A gidp Uen vdi nhau va ed nUdc Nga, Nga tuy cd tilm lflc ldn nhflng hifin dang mfit cfldng qude cd lanh thd trai dii trdn ca gfip kbd khdn, chfla thd Id ddi thu ngang hai lye dia ndy, thdm chi ving lanh thd hdng vdi My trong mdt vdi thdp ky tdi, ndn nim trdn chau A chilm tdi 2/3 di$n tfch cd thi tam thdi My khfing phai quan tdm
- Bghien ein Ljeh s i . atf 4.2012 tdi kbu vyc ndy trong todn bd "tfnh todn lye dja" chflu Au, Chflu A tilm I n nhilu chidn lupc dfii vdi lye dja A-Au" cua My. thfleh t h i e an ninh v i chfla cd mdt cd chd DIu nfim 2011, My dfi tuyfin bd cit gi&m hpp tfic an ninh toin khu vyc. Lin ddu tidn ngfin sfich qude phfing cho chfiu Au v i ding trong Ijch s i , h l u nhfl todn bd nhing thfich thdi giSm bdt sd qufin ddi My tgi chfiu Au. thflc chu ydu ddi vdi hoi blnh v i dn djnh Qufin ddi My sd r i t hai IQ doin bd binh v i qude td Ii d chfiu A. Nhilu di san cua Chidn hai phi ddi khdng qufln, cflng vdi khoang tranh Ignh vin chfla dflpc giai quydt, l^nh 2.500 Ifnh bd trp, khdi chfiu Au tfl ndm hinb trdn bfin dao Trilu Tidn, xung ddt d eo nay. Hai l i doin b^ binh hgng n$ng v i mdt biln Ddi Loan, chgy dua hgt nhfin d Nam A phi ddi khfing qufin, gdm nhing chile phi vd hdn bdt l i sy trdi ddy cua Trung Qude li cd chidn diu A-10 dflpc mdnh danh Id nhing thfich thflc an ninh ngin cung nhu "hung thin cia xe tfing", hidn dfing tgi dii bgn dCTi vdi My. Die. Phi ddi khfing qufin cfin lgi dang ddn Trong thdi gian d m quydn cua Tdng t r i tgi Aviano, Italy. Kd hogch r i t qufin thdng Barack Obama. c6 nhiing chuyin niy sg giam tdng ad binh sT My d chfiu Au bidn mgnh md trong chfnh sfich ciia My ddi t i gin 81,000 Ifnh nhu hidn nay xudng cfin vfii khu vyc chflu A - Thfii Binh DUdng, khoang 70.000 Ifnh. Trong nhidm ky Tdng nhflng cd t b l khing djnh r i n g "cam kdt ed thdng Obama, mfii quan hd gifla chfiu Au tfnh lich sii" c i a My ddi vdi chflu Au sd vin vdi nudc My chu ydu dya trdn bdi canh Id tidp tyc. Gin dfiy nbtft, diu thfing 2- khung hoang kinh ttf v i ddi bfin cflng chung nS lye dd giai quylt, Dilu niy da tgo 2012. Ngogi trfldng My H, Clinton da tuydn ndn quan tfim trong cfic bgn bd ddng minh bd "chfiu Au tidp tuc l i doi tflc hing diu Uu ddi cia My. cua My" (partner at first resort) (12). Tdng thdng Obama t h i a nh^n gifla My v i ehfiu VI Ijch s i nude My cd nhflng mdi lidn hd Au cd nhing bd't ddng vd chle chin sd cdn lfiu ddi vdi chfiu A vl thuong mgi v i truyin bd't ddng trong tfldng lai, nhflng "nfldc My giao tfl thd ky XVIII. Mflc d i v$y, khdng khdng cd d^i tfic ndo tdt hdn l i chfiu Au", lfiu sau kbi nfldc My ra ddi. khu vyc chfiu A Ly do chfnh l i vi t h i nhfi't, My cho ring • Thdi Bhib Dfldng. nlu xlt vl ljeh s i phdt chfiu Au nhfl thd l i tgm dn dfii vdi My v i triln, ngay sau Chiln tranh thd gidi t h i t h i hai, do cfin cdn quyin lye chfnh trj vi Hai khfing dupe coi l i khu vyc trpng dilm kmh td trSn thd gidi dang chuyin din sang chidn lupc nhfl chfiu Au (11). Tuy nhiSn, chfiu A ndn vdi chfnh sfich thyc dyng ciia kbi cfich mgng Trung Qude thdnh cfing v i nudc Cdng bda nhfin dfln Trung Hoa ra ddi minh, My coi trpng chfiu A - Thfii Binh (1949) v i phong trio giai phdng dfin tdc Dfldng hdn vl nd lidn quan afit sUdn din ldi phfit tridn d khu vyc niy nhfi't t i d Vidt fch an ninh v i kinh t d c i a My. Nam. khu vyc ndy bit diu "nim trong tfnh Cd thd thfi'y mdt thyc td rd ring ring, todn chidn lUpc cia My". My vfi cing lo chidn lupc an ninh ddi ngogi ddi vdi t b l gidi ngai trflde anh hfldng ngdy cing lan rdng CUB nfldc My dflpc dya trdn vi^c thi hdnh eua chu nghia cdng san d chfiu A. "nnh chfnh sfich dao ddng qua lai gifla hai khu hinh ndy da d&n ddn nhflng thay ddi cd ban vyc quan trpng l i chfiu Au vd chfiu A tiy trong tfnh tofin chidn lupc c i a My d khu thudc vio Ipi fch v i tfnh tofin chiln Iflpc vyc. D$c bidt. trong giai dogn hidn nay, bfii c i a My tgi tCftig thdi dilm nhfift djnh. Nhin canh tgi chfiu A hoin toin khdc vii "cflu tdng thi, chidn Iflpc chfiu A - Thfii Binh
- Rhil-ng blgn dpng trong chinh s&ch eia my.. Dfldng ludn Id mdt bd phfin quan trpng Ngay sau khi Chidn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai trong chidn Iflpc todn elu cua My. Nd phyc kdt thie cho din cufii thdp niSn 60 cia thd vu nhflng Ipi fch an ninh chu ydu cua My d ky XX, My hogch djnh chfnh sach an ninh khu vyc ed t l m quan trpng ngiy cing tfing ddi vdi kbu vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng ddi vdi My trong thdi ky sau Chidn tranh theo hudng via tranh t h i ddng minh dl lanh, thidt U P By hidn didn qudn afl vfla triln 3. Chinh sfich cua My dfiTl vdi chflu A khai cfic bidn phfip ngfin chdn sy phfit triln - Thdi Binh Diftfng: lich suf v i h i | n tgi cua chu nghia cdng san, tbl bidn ro nhit qua chfnh sfich ciia My ddi vdi cfic nfldc Lich s i quan hd qude td dd cho thd'y Trung Qude, Nhdt Ban vi kbu vyc Ddng ring trong thdi ky Chiln tranh Ignh, tgi Nam A. My din tlm cfich thay thd cdc nude ehdu A • Thfii Bhih Dfldng, chfnh sfich ddi d l qude ehfiu Au d khu vyc. thilt lfip quan ngoai cia My ddi vdi khu vyc thyc chit Id hd ddng minh tay ddi vdi mfit logt nfldc sy "klo ddi" trdt ty chdu Au. Sy "kdo ddi" (Nh^t. Philippines. Thdi Lan, Nam Trilu ndy mfit mfit phan finh tfl duy bfi quyin t h i Tidn,..), U P cfic khdi quan afl d khu vyc gidi cia My, m$t khdc phan finh tfldng (ANZUS nira 1951. SEATO ndm 1954,..), quan lye Iflpng gifla hai phe "Ddng v i Tfiy" sdn sing can thidp bing qufin sy dl ngdn do Lien Xfi v i My lanh dgo. NhU trdn da ch$n anh hfldng cua Lidn Xfi vd cdc nUdc xa phan tfch, khi tUdng quan lye lupng cd Ipi hdi, ay phdt triln eia phong trio giai eho phong trdo cfich mgng vd giai phdng phdng dfin tfic. tidu bidu trong thdi ky ndy dfin tfic chdu A, My quan tfim den chfiu A - Id hai cudc chidn tranh Trilu Tidn vd Vidt Thdi Binh Dfldng nhim phdt triln anh Nam. hudng d khu vflc niy, ngdn chdn l i n sdng "edng san" va phong trio giai phdng ddn Thit bgi d Vidt Nam da 1dm dao lfin tdc, tgo ndn afl ra ddi c i a Hpc thuyet chidn Iflpc tofin elu cua My, bupc My phai Domino do D. Eiaenhower de xfldng. Chau thay ddi lgi nhdn thie gifla kha nfing v i A - Thfii Binh Dfldng da trd thinh ndi dl tham vpng, tidn hinh nhiing dieu chinh ldn My giai quydt nhflng mdu thuin vdi phe xa ve chiin Iflpc thfing qua "Hpc thuydt bfii chi nghia, chu ydu nhim bao vd v i duy Nbcon", dd Id giam cam kdt d khu vyc, tdp tri sfl lanh dao cua My tgi Tfiy Au tfl ban trung Cling cd lgi sic mgnh qude gia vd cdc chi nghia. Vi vdy. tuy khdng quan trpng trpng didm chiln Iflpc thidt ydu cia My. bing chdu Au trong chien Iflpc todn ciu eia "Sau Vidt Nam", My chuyen chfnh sach dfii My, chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng ciing l i mdt ngogi theo hUdng: t h i a n h | n thyc t l My dia bdn quan trpng di My xfic lfip quyin khfing thd ty y '1dm dflpc td't ca". "cam kdt lye v i anh hfldng. Dd Id myc tiSu ed tfnh cfi chpn Ipc" nhiing ndi thupc ldi fch cua My chit xuydn sudt eua My d& vdi khu vyc (13); diy mgnh chdi "con bdi cdc nfldc ldn", trong thdi ky Chidn tranh Ignh, ddng nghia vdi vide phai chia se quyin lye trong cac wStn dl qufic td. Am anh bdi sy ldn mgnh ciia Lidn Xd v i cfic nfldc Dfing Au, My cho ring nlu khfing Chidn tranh lanh kdt thie, tinh blnh t h i sdm ed mdt dfii sfich, muc tidu hpp ly dfii vdi gidi v i khu vyc thay ddi cfin ban. Vdi vide chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng. chu nghia cdng Lidn Xd v i hd thdng Xa hdi chu nghia Ddng aan se trd thdnh mfit nguy cd khfing chi d Au syp dd. My trd thdnh sidu cUdng duy khu vyc md thdm chi trdn toin thd giii. nhd't nhflng ft nhilu da bj suy ylu v i g§p
- 52 Rghien ciu Ueh s i . ad 4.2012 nbidu khfi khdn, thdch thflc phflc tgp. Lin tfing mdi lo nggi vl phd bidn vu khf l i hai diu tidn sau nhilu thfip ky can dy. My thfich thflc an ninh lidn quan tryc tidp ddn thyc sy trd thdnh cudng qude thdng trj todn an ninh ndi dja e i a My, do vfiy vide duy tri khu vyc chfiu A (14) vd tidp tyc cd nhflng vd md rdng didn hpp tfic trong khufin khd Ipi fch quan trpng vl kinh td, chfnh trj v i ede lidn minh qufin ay aong phfldng cua My v i an ninh trong khu vyc. Ngon ed "kilm cdng trd nfin cin thidt. Nhln chung, cfic chl cdng san" khfing cdn gid trj tdp hpp lye chfnh quydn My thdi ky sau Chiln tranh Iflpng, My budc tim kilm ehiln Iflpc kbdc Ignh diu coi cfic ddng minb qudn sy cia My dl thfch i n g tinh blnh mdi, trong khi vin Id mdt trong nhing try cdt trong cbfnh • tilp tyc theo dudi tham vpng bd cbi thd sfich cia My ddi vii khu vyc (15), gidi, Chidn lupc dfii ngogi "can dy" dUpc My Chfnh quyin Bush (con) nhfln manh vai lya chpn. trd cua edc lidn minh qufln afl dUdi sy lanh Chiln Iflpc "can dy" dupc tbl hidn kbd ro dgo cua My U try cdt ehfnh trj - an ninh ndt thfing qua chfnh sdch dfii ngogi cia My trong kiln t r i e khu vyc bdn cgnh try cdt ddi vfii chfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng. Sau kinh t l • thUdng mgi (16). Quan hd ddng Chidn tranh Ignh, My g$p hai thfich tbic minb My - Nh^t (dupc ndng d p dfldi chfnh ldn d khu vflc: thfl nhit, nguy eO "Up quydn CUnton nhflng ndm 1996-1997) tidp khoang trdng" do cac cfldng qude kbu vflc tyc dflpc cung ed hPn nfla, d^e bidt trong Ipi dung My, Nga giam anh budng kbu vyc; cudc chiln chdng khung bd do My lanh dgo. thi hai, xu the "khu vyc hod" cua cfic nfldc Chfnh p h i Australia dfldi thdi Thu tfldng trong khu vyc chfiu A cd tbl diy My ra John Howard iing hp mgnh md cfic ehfnh ngodi. Muc tieu cua My lie niy la cung cd sfich an ninh vfi bdnb ddng cia My. Dfii vfii anh budng, vai trd lanh dao vd tham gia cfic ddng minh ngoii NATO nhU Thfii Lan cdc vd'n di khu vyc; ngdn chdn vide mpt vd Philippines, My ting cfldng quan hd nfldc hay nhdm nfldc ndi ldn khdng cbe, ddng minh thfing qua cfic chfldng trinh thdch thflc vai tro My d khu vflc. De thyc huln luydn chdng khung bd', cung d p ho hidn myc tieu ndy, My ehi trUdng "can dy" trp vd trang thidt bj qufin sy. tdng cfldng cac vin dl cua khu vyc (tfl tham gia AEF, tham vlh vd an ninh vd trao ddi ngoai giao chu dpng nim APEC, dfnh Ifu giai phfip cd'p cao vl cfic vin dd an ninh cing quan bfin dao Trilu Tidn, vfi'n dl Ddng Timor...). tfim, Quan hd d ^ tfic chiln Iflpc My - An Dd Vide cd cdu lgi quan hd cdc nfldc lfin, nhfi't dupc ting cfldng mgnh mg. Nfira 2005, My li cfip My - Trung, d khu vyc t i gifla thdp vd An Dd da ky Hidp ^\dh Khung mdi vd ky 90 cua thd ky XX, cdng khing djnh Hpp tdc qude phdng vd quan trpng nfla Id chilu hfldng "can dfl" trong cbfnh sdch ddi hai bdn da ky Hidp iinb Hgt nhfin dfin sy. ngogi cua My d khu vyc. Trong cfic bidn Ngodi ra My ciing quan tfim ddn vi^c thie phfip thyc hidn (kinh tl; qudn sy; dfin chi, ddy hpp tfic an ninh vdi mpt sd nUdc quan nhfin quyin) ddng c h i y lfi vipc My duy tri trpng khfic trong khu vyc nhfl Indonesia vd 100.000 qufin d khu vyc (ngang vdi ehfiu Vidt Nam (17), Ddi thogi an ninh Vilt - My Au) nhu mfit cdng cu hflu hidu vl sy bidn da trd thdnh cd chd thfldng nidn gifla hai di^n khfing thd thidu cua My d chfiu A - nfldc, Trao ddi gifla lanh dao qufln dfii hai Thdi Binh Dfldng. Cy t b l trong linh vyc an nfldc trd nSn thfldng xuySn hdn. vdi trpng ninh, sy toin elu hda cfic thdch thflc an tfim tim hidu cd hdi hdp tfic trong vide ddi ninh dfic biSt l i c b i nghia khung bd v i gia phd vdi cdc vtfn dl an ninh phi truydn
- Rhfimg bidn dQng trong chinh afieh ein my.. thdng. Nhflng cbfnh sdch dflpc triln khai bd 2010 cia Ngogi trfldng Clinton v i Thfing trong gin bdn ndm d m quyin cia chfnh didp Lidn bang cua Tdng thing Obama quydn Tdng thdng Barack Obama eho thiy thfing 2-2012 diu nhd'n manh cam kit cia cd cdch tilp cdn hod giai vd ngoai giao, ldng My vdi cfic ddng minh aong phUdng, tdng nghe hdn l i fip d$t, s i dyng ngogi giao bdn cudng sy cfi mdt qufin sy tgi cdc nfldc ddng Id quan sy, da pbUdng hOn l i ddn phfldng, minh truyin thing. hpc bdi hdn l i dgy bao. Cbfnh sfich ehfiu A - Nhfl v^y cfi tbl thfi'y ring, vi tri chfnh Thfii Binh Dfldng cia My hi^n nay thi bidn sfich chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dudng thd hidn xu tinh lidn tyc vdi ehfnh sdch cia chfnh thd lidn tyc tdng lfin trong cfic chidn Ifldc an quydn trfldc, dd l i flu tidn quan hd vfii ddng ninh qude gia cia My trong thdi ky sau minh v i can dy vdi Trung Qude. My da cd Chidn tranh lanh. M$e dii My khfing ngflng nhflng biiu bidn coi trpng hdn ddi vdi khu chuydn djch v i tdp trung afle manh vfio vflc thd bidn qua chuyin thfim cua Ngogi khu vyc, dfl xu thd chuyin dich niy bj nglt trudng My Clinton tdi Nb§t Ban, Trung qudng do cudc chidn chdng khung bd, Quoc, Hdn QuIc vd Indonesia ngay trong nhflng xdt vl lfiu ddi, chfiu A - Thfii Binh nam diu tidn cia chfnh quyin Obama, Dfldng ed xu thd trd thdnh vj tri quan trpng Myc tidu cua chuydn cdng du ndy Id trfi'n trong tfnh tofin chien Iflpc tofin elu cia My. an cfic ddng minb v i doi tfic trong khu vyc Trong thdi gian trfldc, trdn thyc te My chfla ring My se tiep tyc cam kdt vfii khu vflc vd de ra mfit chien Ifldc ehdu A toin didn. cac ddng minh vd mudn cfi mfit m^i quan hd Hogch djnh vd triln khai chfnh sdch eia hpp tac vdi Trung Qude. My da ky Hidp fldc My ddi vdi khu vyc cbi tdp trung cbi ydu Thdn thidn vd Hpp tac d Dfing Nam A vao khu vyc Dong Bfie A - Nhfit Ban, Trung CTAC), cam ket tiep tuc can dy d khu vyc Qude, H i n Qude, Trilu Tidn v i gin dfiy l i vd ciing co quan hd vdi dong minh ciing An Dp, Cd the thiy ring, d i My cd tilm dupc tbl hien qua ede phfit bidu vd cac ndng aic mgnh trong khu vyc, ehfnh sdch chuyen cfing du eiia Tdng thdng My Barack eua My vin khfing tgo dflpc kdt nfii cdc ndi Obama via qua (18). Cd the ndi ring, chfla dung cdt yeu thfinh mot ehiln Iflpc hdp ly bao gid cdc quan chflc cd'p cao eua My lgi vd dn khdp. Sang den giai doan diu t h i k y nbaii manh ddn vai trd cua khu vyc chfiu A XXI, dfic bidt Id trong bdn nfim elm quyin - Thfii Binh Dfldng nhfl thdi gian gin day. eua Tfi'ng thdng Obama, My nh^n thflc Tgi hlu h i t cdc cudc hpp quoc td ciing nhu dflde ring My khfing thi r i t lui hay ddnh trong nfldc, e h i de vl ehdu A - Thai Binh gifi qufi thd'p nhflng ldi fch cdn ban cua Dfldng dflpc cac quan chflc My lidn tyc dl minb trong khu vyc bdt sflc quan trpng cfip vd vdi t i n s u i t ngdy cing cao hdn. Cfic nfiy, Gid Id lie My ein t^p trung vao vide bidn phfip My triln khai da tfip trung vdo thyc bidn nhidm vu dfi. ngoai giao song phfldng, da phfldng vfi tham gia tich cyc vdo cfic thidt chl khu vyc. 4. Cd sd tgo nSn aif dieu chinh hofic Dilu ndy da t b l hidn ro trong trien kbai t i n g cydng chinh sfich ddii ngoai c i a chinb sdch cia My dfii vdi edc nfldc d khu My ddi vdi k h u viYc vyc. My thd hidn qua hdng loat tuydn bd Tfnh quy lufit l i mdt dfic trflng trong chfnh sfich cua cfic nhd lanh dao cdp cao hogch djnh chfnh sdch ddi ngoai eua My trong thdi gian g i n ddy: tuydn bd 2009 eua ndi chung v i ddi vdi khu vyc chdu A - Thdi Bfi trfldng Qud'c phdng Robert Gates, tuydn Binh Dfldng ndi ridng, Xem xdt cbfnh sdch
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- RhBmg biln dQng trong ehfnh s6ch eia m t - hidn nay "Tdi se di ddn b i t c i ndi ndo trdn nfii trong hdn n i a thd ky qua, quan hd thd gifii de md cfic tbj trfldng mfii cho san ddng minh ndy dfi tgo ndn mdt cd chl an phim eua My. V i tdi se khdng ding ydn ninh khdng chfnh thie tdn tgi d khu vyc. khi cdc dSi thu cgnh tranh cua ching ta mfic d i cfi lie ndng lie Ignh t i y vio tfnh khfing chdi ding ludt" (20). tofin cia My vd cfic nfldc trong tfftig thdi Thi hai, cdc tuyin dudng biln quan dilm, Dfiy Id nin tang vflng chic cho My cfi trpng nhfi't cia thd gifii. cde ddi tfic chfnh thd dfldng diu vdi nhiing thfich thflc da trong nhiing nd lye chdng khiing brf, nbiing phfldng bode nhflng vfin dS gai gdc tai khu lidn hd mang tfnh adng cfin ddi vdi trp giiip vyc vfi Id m§t ed chd tao eho My cdn bing nhfin dgo vd giam nhg thidn tai. giim nhp vl quyin lye dl cd kha ndng dfldng diu vdi anh hfldng e i a sy bidn ddi khf bdu cua My bdt ky sy ndi ISn nio cua mdt cfldng qude khdc cd tbl thdch thflc lgi vj tri cia My tgi ddu nim tgi khu vyc ndy, Trong 5 khdng khu vyc ehfiu A - Thdi Binh Dfldng, gian chiln lupc m i cfic cfldng qurfc dang cgnh tranh diu t h i ki XXI thi vide tranh Thi tu. nhfin trf Trung Qude lfi nhfin trf giinh quyin lflc biln diln ra sfii dfing nhl't theo nhilu hoc gii vd nhd nghidn cflu Id d khu vyc chfiu A-Thfii Binh Dfldng. Tgi dang thfich tbic lai lufit chdi cia My, Tuy khu vyc ndy, My cd mdt mgng Ifldi qudn ay nhidn. cfich thflc x i ly quan hd vdi Trung tfl Thfii Binh Dfldng sang An Dd Dfldng, tfl Qude lgi Id mfit cdu boi ldn. Nhfl trdn da Nam Cyc ldn Bic Cyc vdi 3 tuydn chi ylu. phfin tfch. t i sau ndm 1975 ddn nay, sy DSng Nam A nim gifla tuydn 1 gdm cfic cfin chu trpng cia My dfii vdi khu vyc chdu A - ci quan sy tfl Nhfit Bin, Hdn Qude den dao Thdi Binh Dfldng thfldng bj tie ddng bdi Diego Gacia trdn An Dfi Dfldng. Dai cfin cfl dien biln ciia tinh hinh khu vflc, chfnh tiin duydn kieu chuSi dao niy kilm sofit sdch cia My chua phdt triln dflpc thdnh cde eo biln, vung biln vd dfldng hing hai mdt chidn Iflpc p h i hpp. Vide My thieu mdt ehiln iupe bdt afle quan trpng, trd thdnh Id chidn Iflpe doi vdi chdu A lau nay da anh chfin tien duydn cho tuyen 2 gdm cfic dao hfldng tdi cdn bing trong khu vyc. Dilu trung tfim Id Guam vfi cfic cfin cfl d nfiy dd tgo didu kidn cbo Trung Qude tfing Australlia, New Zealand. Tuydn 3 gdm cfic cfldng anh hfldng tgi ddy, de dpa quyin Ipi cdn cfl tfl Hawai ddn Alaska vfi quin dao ciia My v i din din sd lim ydu di kha nfing dam bio an ninh cia chfnh nfldc My. Bdn Aleutian. Trong mgng d u tnic ba tuydn cgnh dd. ban thdn cfic nfldc d chfiu A - Thfii ndy. My cfin coi Nh|lt Ban vd Australia li Binh Dfldng. cbo din nay vin tim kilm sy hai chide neo Nam Bic trong chidn Iflpc an cfin bing. vl t h i hp se ddn nhdn sy hidn ninh chau A - Thai Binh Dfldng, cdn Dong didn cua My trong khu vyc ding thdi duy Nam A lfi elu noi gifla hai chile neo dd, tri cfic mfii quan hd song vfi da phfldng vfii Trung tfim cua cym cfin c i Dfing Nam A Trung Qude. Khdng mdt nfldc ndo trong trfldc day l i cfin cfl hai qufin Subic v i cdn kbu vyc niy muln bi diy vdo thd phii lya ci khfing qufln Clark d PhiUppines. nay Id chpn gifla hai cfldng qude. Vi vdy, My ein cfin c i hai qudn d Changyi d Singapo, t^p trung hdn vio chidn Iflpc duy tri vj tri Thi ba, khu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh cua My trong tfnh tofin c i a edc nfldc trong Dudng l i ndi My cfi nhilu ddng minh chidn khu vyc. lupc v i Ifiu bin, do l i Nhfit Ban, H i n Qude, Australia, Philippines v i Thai Lan. Cd thi Thi ndm, mfit nhfin to d i khfing dflpc
- Rghien ciu Lich s i . atf 4.2012 nhilu nhd nghiSn cflu d l cdp nhflng khfing Dfldng sd l i tfim dilm cua cudc canh tranh tbl khfing tfnh ddn trong t b l gifii todn ciu quyin lye todn d u gifla My, sidu cfldng hfia bidn nay. Vd vfin hda, xfi hdi, cfi thd duy nhdt vfi Trung Qurfc, cfldng qude dang thfi'y rfi mdt thyc td Id thfinh phin ngfldi trfii ddy v i phdn diu trd thfinh mdt cyc My gdc A (21) vfi sy md rdng "gifi trj vfin trong thd gidi da eye. hda" My tgi khu vyc bidn nay cd chilu Ljeh s i eho thrfy m3i lin mdt nfldc ldn hfldng phfit triln. Sic mgnh qufln sy vfi sy dilu chinh chidn lupc ddu tie ddng dfing kl hi^n didn eua My tidp tyc dflpc mdt sd nfldc ddn quan hd qurfc td, t b i c diy dilu chinb trong khu vyc dl eao trong vide dam bao an chidn lupc eua cfic nfldc khfic. Dilu chinh ninh, hfia blnh kbu vyc, d$e bidt li vai trd chidn Iflpc cua My vfio thdi dilm niy cfing cia My trong vide duy tri t b l cfin bing lye cfi y nghia quan trpng vl My mfit nUdc ldn lupng trfldc sfl trSi d^y cia cfic cfldng qude trong mdt hd thong chfnh trj qurfc td cfi khu vyc nhfl Trung Qurfc. Tuy vdy, My chUa nbidu bidn ddng. Tuy nhidn, dfii vdi khu bao gid cfing kbai cbo ring vide cung erf cdc vyc chfiu A - Thdi Blnh Dfldng, ehfnh sdch lidn minh qudn sy song phfldng trong khu eua My sd ehi l i sy dilu chinh theo hfldng vyc Id nhim chrfng lgi Trung Qude bay bit tdng cfldng afl cfi m$t bo^c lfi "ay quay trd c i nfldc nio, v i chic chfin My sd khdng di lai" cua My tgi khu vyc thfing qua quan bd theo hfldng niy "trfl khi Trung Qude cd aong phUdng vfi cfic t b l chd da phUdng hinh dpng de dog tryc tilp din an ninh qurfc dang tdn tgi v i s i p blnh thdnh dya trdn gia cia My vd cfic ddng minh" (22), nhiing cd sd quan hd da cd vfi tfnh kd t h i a Nhfl vdy. dfla trdn nhflng cP sd dflpc ndu vd quy ludt dfi dflpc dinh hinh trong cbfnh cd the thd'y rd ring vi tri cia chfiu A • Thfii sfich ddi ngogi cua My. Ro rfing "sfl quay Binh Dfldng tdng ldn trong chiln Iflpc todn trd lgi" kbu vyc chfiu A - Thfii Binh Dfldng elu e i a My e h i ydu do dfiy l i nPi hpi ty da dflpc thd hidn rd tfl cd sd ly lufin cho tu nhflng cd bdi (vl kinh tl) cing nhfl nhflng duy cua cfic n h i lanh dgo ddn chidn Iflpc, thach thie an ninh ldn nhfi't ddi vdi My chfnh sfich triln khai cua My tgi khu vyc, trong tfldng lai, Cbfnh tai khu vyc niy, Thyc td niy dfi gdp phin lim cho ddi sdng nhiing thach t h i e an ninh trfldc m i t cung chfnh trj c i a kbu vyc v i thd gidi trd ndn nhfl lfiu ddi dfii vdi My ddi bdi My phii tdp sdng ddng vdi nhiing tfnh tofin chidn Ifldc trung ddi phd. Xdt t i gfic dd dd, ed t b l thiy khfic nhau cua d c nfldc trong nhiing nfim trong thd ky XXI, ehfiu A - Thfii Binh gin dfiy. CHUTHtCH (1). Ngufin g8c cua vi$c My dUa ra Chu nghia lik.m^t lilnh thAc phfit triln cua Chu nghia Bi$t "bi^t l^p" 1ft vi^c tham cli;! vfio chfnh trj c&n bllng l$p. Trong Th&ng di^p lifin bang nfim 1823, Tdng quydn Ipc trfin t h i gidi vdi nhflng qurfc gia khflng thdng James Monroe tuySn brf r i n g '^\ic dja chfiu dfing tin c^y B^ dAn tdi nguy hgi cho Ipi Ich cua My My, vdi dilu ki^n tvl do vfi d$c l$p d& gilknh vk giQ b ngodi nUdc vjt giam tp do d i n chu h trong nUdc, dupc, khflng t h i bj coi lfi d^i tiA;ng ciia vifc thdc Xu hudng quan dilm nfiy cho r&ng My chl ndn d&n hofi trong tUOng lai bdi bSCt ky cUcing qufic chfiu d6ng vai trii I& m^t t l m gUOng v& m$t hinh mSu v l Au n&o" vfi My "coi btft ky cff glng nio nh&m md m^t xa h$i ti^ do ch£[ khdng nfin g&nh trfich nhi$m r^ng hf thrfng cua hg tdi bfit ky ndi ngo cua ban quSc trf dii Id nhfin danh ty do. H90 thuylt Monroe c i u nfiy lfi nguy hilm dffi vdi hofi blnh vfi an ninh
- Rhflmg bjgn dprigfrongehlnh s^eh eia fflf... 57 cia My"; dl dfl'i l^i, My hCia "khflng can thi§p vfio h ttp :llyr^vi •breitbart.com/Drint.tihD?i d=CNG. c 77bb cac thupc dja ho$c cfic manh d&'t ph\i thu$c dang 96fc2c6873be2Q ton tai cua b i t ky cudng quflc chfiu Au nfto". Hpc (13). Ph&t biiu cua Nixon t^ii Guam ngfty 25-7- thuydt "chfku My lfi cua ngUdi chfiu My" nfiy A& cd 1969, Nixon n6u: "My khfing t h i vfi sfi khdng vfich tSc dong mgnh mS din chiln lUpc My ciing nhu ly ra mpi k l ho^ch, thi^t k l mpi chfldng trlnh, thi lu&n chinh tri qu^c t l (kh&i ni^m vl phfin chia khu hiknh mpi quylt djnh v& thpc hi^n tfft ca vi^c hko vVc anh budn^. Hpc thuylt n^y dupc sul d^ng v$ cfic quflc gia tfl do trSn t h i gidi. My sS giup trong nhQng n&m 1920 khi Chu nghia Bi$t t^ip nhflng ndi n^o thflc sfl mang l^i kit qua vfi dupc phit triln tdi dinh cao cOng nhU ngay trUdc Th^ xem \h Ipi (ch c i a My". chiS'n I v& II. (14). Robert Sutter "The United States in Asia: (2). Erick Bruun vfi Jay Crosby, Our Nation's Challenged but Durable Leadership" trong David Archive - the History of the United States in Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited). Documents, Black Dog and Levental Publishers, International Relations in Asia. New York, 1999, tr. 192. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 10. (3). Stephen Walt. "Quan h§ Quefc t^: M^t t h i (15). Chinh quyin George H. W. Bush vh Chinh gidi nhilu ly thuyS*!^. (Ban dich). Ly ludn Quan h^ quyin Clinton lufln nhfin manh vai tro try cot ciia c&c QuSc ti. Hoc vifn Quan h$ Qufic tS. 2007, tr. 7. li6n minh cfia My d khu vflc chau A - Thai Binh (4). Cdn dupc goi la Tan hi^n thi^c, DUdng trong cSc bao cao chifo lUpc cua My d Dong A. (5). Stephen Walt. "Quan h^ Quoc tf: M^t thi (16). Ralph A. Coaaa, "Security Dynamics in gidi nhilu ly thuyfi't". (Ban djch). Ly luan Quan he Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions" Quic t^. Hoc vifln Qaan h§ Quoc t^, 2007, tr.7 trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (edited). International Relations in Asia. (6). Co vfi^n an ninh quSc gia dudi thdi ky Tdng Rowrman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 323. thong Carter. (7). Braezinki. The Grand Chessboard: (17). Dfii thogi an ninh c^p thfl trudng Vi|t-My American Primacy and its Geotrategic Imperatives, da trd thfinh cd che thfldng nien. 1997. (18). Tdng thd'ng Obama, trong bii phat bilu trfldc Quoc h§i Australia d Canberra, da nhlCn (8). N.J.Skyman. The Geography of the Peace. mgnh: "Hoa Ky Ik cudng qufic Thai Binh Dfldng vii Har-Court, 1994, tr. 34. chflng toi sS mai hi^n di^n d dfiy. (9). Richard L. Ruasell. L(ri tch quic gia cua My (19). Divine Breen Fredrichson Williams. dchduAu, Tin TKQHQT sff 11/95, tr. 52. "America - Pat and Present". Scott, Foresman (10). Timo Behr. US attitudes towards Europe - Company, 1987, tr. 45. a shift of paradigms?. Research and European (20). Thfing di§p Hfin bang cua Ting thong IsBuea No 29. November 2003. Tr.8 Barack Obama. Thfing 2-2012. (11). Sau Chijfn tranh thd gidi thfl Hai, My ua (21). Ngfldi My gflc A hi^n nay chilm 6%. Theo ho trfl chfiu Au ph'ic hoi kinh t^ qua Vi ho^ch bfio di^n tfl Ddn tri. Ng6y 12-5-2011. Marshall (1949) vfi thfinh l§p LiSn minh Bic D^i (22). Ralph A. Cossa, "Security Dynamics in Tiy Difflng (1949) nhim cung erf vj trf cua My tgii Eas Asia: Geopolitics vs. Regional Institutions" l^c dja nfiy. trong David Shambaugh and Michael Yahuda (12). AFP. Clinton pledges US commitment to (edited). International Relations in Asia. Europe. Rowman&Littlefield Publishers, Inc, 2008, tr. 319.
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