Xem mẫu
- JUL
TRlfONG OiNH Tl/ONG
741
N h f f n g
n h a n v a t
l i c h s i r
t ' h d i
C2
N H A X U A T B A N V A N HOA DAN TOC
- NHUfNG NHAN VAT LjCH SUf
THOI D I N H L E
- T R l / d N G D I N H Tl/CfNG
N H U M G N H A N V A T L l C H S l f
• •
THdl DINHLE
(Tdi ban lan thit 3)
Tac pham da dutpc tang Giai thuung cua
Hoi Van nghe dan gian Viet Nam nam 1998.
y i < td-.J • g
> 1 to!
4 ) f H ' i
N H A X U A T B A N V A N H O A D A N TOC
H A N O I - 2002
- Anh: TiiOng Vua Dinh Tien Hoeing thd d
din vua Dinh, xci Gia Phtfc/ng, huyen Gia
Viin, tinh Ninh Binh.
- D I N H T I E N H O \ \ < ; 1)1?
(»24 - f)7»)
Dinh Bo Linh smh ngay ram thang hai nam
Giap T h a n (924) d t h o n K i m L i i , l a n g D a i H t f u ,
chau D a i H o a n g (nay l a t h o n V a n Bong, xa Gia
P h i f d n g , h u y e n Gia V i l n , t i n h N m h B i n h ) Than
p h u la D i n h Cong TrvL, l a m q u a n T h i i s\i (2}
Hoan
C h a u (Nghe A n ) ve ddi D u o n g D i n h Nghe, (930-
937) den t h o i Ngo Q u y e n (939-944) v a n g i i i chile
v u ay.
Cha m a t s6m, D i n h Bo L i n h theo me la D a m
T h i ve que, nu'Ong t h a n vol c h u r u o t la D i n h Du\ 6
chan t r a u . O n g t h U d n g cung n h o m tre chan t r a u be
hoa l a u l a m cd, lap t r a n gia d a n h n h a u , to ro co t a i
chi h u y . B o n t r e thUdng k h o a n h t a y l a m k i e u de
(1) Hien nay d thon Van Bong, xd Gia Phvtdng, huyen Gia
Vien con ddu vet nen nhd cu ndi sinh ra vua Binh goi la
go B6 De, gdn do la den thb vua Dinh vd nui Ky Ldn, ndi
phdt tich cua ho Dinh.
(2) Thit sit: Chile quan diing ddu mot chau.
5
- rUdc ong nhu! n g h i ve T h i e n tut, l a i k e t n g h i a "Dao
v i e n " , - b o h n g t f d i c u n g l a n g , c u n g t u d i la
( i
Dinh
D i e n , N g u y i n Bac, L v m Cd, T r i n h T u , coi n h i f r u o t
t h i t . Sau n a y d i d a n h dep cac n d i , ca b o h n g i f d i b a n
t h i e u t h d i n a y deu d i t i e n p h o n g , sau l a Q u a n T i i
t r u cua n h a D i n h .
Luc bay gid t r o n g niidc l o a n lac, sxi goi l a l o a n
T h a p n h i s i l q u a n . N h d t h o n g m i n h , co k h f phach,
l a i co t a i t h a o liidc n e n D i n h Bo L i n h d i l n g cd day
n g h i a , m o n g l a p n g h i e p 16n, d a n q u a n h v u n g theo
ve r a t dong. B i e t l\lc lUdng cua m i n h con mong,
D i n h Bo L i n h sang x i n theo s i i q u a n T r a n Lam
( T r a n M i n h Cong) d Bo H a i K h a u < ) T h a y D i n h Bo
2
L i n h la n g i i d i k h o i ngo, co c h i k h i , co t a i t h a o lufdc,
l a i la con cua D i n h Cong T r i f , b a n dong l i e u co
nhieu an n g h i a v 6 i n h a u d i i d i t h d i Ngo VUdng
Q u y e n , T r a n L a m m e n t a i , ga con gai cho, D i n h Bo
L i n h cang vQng b\idc t r e n con du"dng b i n h n g h i e p ,
K h o a n g n a m 950, t h a y m i n h t u d i cao, siic lute
co h a n , T r a n L a m giao t o a n bo binh quyen cho
£>do Vien: Hoi the ket nghia anh em giiCa LiCu Bi, Quan
Cong vd Trtfpng Phi thdi Tarn Quoc (Trung Quoc) de khoi
ph,uc nhd Han.
.(2) Nay Id Ky Bd, thi xd Thdi Binh, tinh Thdi Binh
6
- D i n h Bo L m h . T h a y Bo" H a i K h a u l a v u n g dat r o n g
n h i i n g k h o n g co t h e h i e m yeu de d u n g b i n h , D i n h
Bo L i n h q u y e t d i n h du"a t o a n q u a n d day ve chiem
g i f l Hoa L i i \ c h i e u mo hao kiet, h u n g cxi m o t
( 1
phiidng, chong l a i n h a Ngo va cac sti q u a n khac.
N a m T a n H d i (951), ddi H a u Ngo V i i d n g , N a m
T a n V i i d n g c u n g T h i e n Sach V i f d n g keo q u a n den
Hoa L i i d a n h D i n h Bo L m h , n h i i n g ca h a i deu b i
dai b a i , p h a i r u t q u a n ve Co Loa. L i e n do, D i n h Bo
L i n h d u h a n g diidc s\i q u a n P h a m Bach Ho, ( P h a m
Phong A t ) , d D a n g C h a u ( H ^ n g Yen), thu"a the, ong
keo q u a n den d a n h Do D o n g ( T h a n h Oai, H a Tay),
pha t a n difdc sii q u a n Do C a n h Thac. U y d a n h cua
D i n h Bo L i n h cang l i i n g lay.
Sau k h i T h i e n Sach V i i d n g va N a m T a n Vu"dng
n h a H a u Ngo m a t , con T h i e n Sach V i i d n g l a Ngo
Xu'dng X i n o i n g h i e p , qua suy yeu, p h a i ve dong
g i f l dat B i n h K i e u (thuoc h u y e n T r i e u Sdn, T h a n h
Hoa) . D i n h Bo L i n h t h i i a cd hu"ng b i n h d a n h 16n,
(2>
chi t r o n g m o t n a m dep y e n cac sti quan, du"dc xxing
tung la V a n T h a n g V t f c f n g .
(1) Dong Hoa Lit nay thuoc xa. Gia Hitng, huyen Gia Vien, tinh
Ninh Binh la can cii ban ddu cua nghia quan Dinh Bp Linh
(2) Theo Dai Viet sfi ky tien bi&n thi thuoc Hai HiCng.
7
- N a m M a u T h i n (968), V a n T h a n g V t f d n g l e n
ngoi Hoang De, hieu la Dai Thang Minh
H o a n g De, d a t q u o c h i e u l a D a i Co V i e t (nvfdc
V i e t t o 16n), d o n g d o d H o a Lu* ( 1
i d l i n g cung
dien, dat trieu nghi, "dinh tram quan, dat sau
ican,
H chedo gdn du". N t f d c N a m t a dtfcfc c h i n h
t h o n g ke t i f day.
N a m 969, v u a D i n h p h o n g cho con t r i i d n g D i n h
Lien la N a m Viet Viidng.
N a m C a n h N g o ( 9 7 0 ) , ong d a t n i e n h i e u la
T h a i B i n h , cho due t i e n d o n g "Thdi Binh" l a dong
t i e n xu"a n h a t cua niidc ta. C u n g t r o n g n a m nay,
ong lap n a m H o a n g h a u l a : D a n G i a , T r i n h M i n h ,
K i e u Quoc, Co Quoc, Ca O n g . Theo cac Sri gia va
cac n h a nho p h o n g k i e n t h i day l a cho k e m cua vua
t o i n h a D i n h , l a "khcti ra moi loan sau nay, nham
le nghia loan phep luan thubng".
N a m 9 7 1 , v u a D i n h b a t d a u d i n h t h i i bac p h a m
t r a t cho cac q u a n v a n vo va t a n g dao: N g u y e n Bac
l a m D i n h Quoc Cong, L u i i Cd l a m D o H o phu. si sU,
Le H o a n l a m T h a p Dao Tu"6ng q u a n , T a n g t h o n g
Ngo C h a n L t f u l a K h u o n g V i e t D a i su*, T r i i d n g M a
N i l a m T a n g luc Dao si, D a n g H u y e n Q u a n g l a m
Sung Chan uy nghi.
< ) Nay la xa Triidng Yen, huyen Hoa Lie, tinh R(inh Binh.
1
8
- N a m N h a m T h a n ( 9 7 2 ) , ong sai con l a N a m
V i e t V i i d n g D i n h L i e n sang t r i e u cohg n h a Tong,
diidc n h a T o n g p h o n g ong l a G i a o C h i Quan
Vvfdng va N a m Viet Vtfdng D i n h Lien lam
T i n h H a i q u a n T i e t d o svt A n N a m d o h o . "Tic
(1)
do niidc ta giu le sang trieu cohg nUdc Tau" . Ve
viec n h a T o n g b a n sac p h o n g cho cha con v u a
D i n h , Su" t h a n N g o Si L i e n n o i t h a t c h i l y : "Tieng
tarn cua Van Thang Vtfovig vang xa, the quan nhd
Tong cdng yeu. Viec bien gidi Ludng Qudng thiibng
lo ngay ngdy, danh phai ban tudc sac khen ngoi
viCOt miic la de de phong moi lo ngodi y nghi day
thoi" . (2)
T h a n g 2 n a m 974, D a i T h a n g M i n h H o a n g De
cho d i n h 10 dao q u a n , m o i dao q u a n co 10 lCi, m o i
\\L co 10 t o t , m 6 i t o t co 10 n g u , m o i n g u co 10 ngitdi.
Tong toan quan la mot trieu ngiidi.
D a u n a m 975, D a i T h a n g M i n h H o a n g De quy
d i n h ao m u cho cac q u a n v a n vo.
T r o n g nu"6c luc b a y gid con co n h i e u ngUdi quen
t h o i t h d i loan, k h o n g c h i u t u a n theo l u a t le, D a i
Viet Nam Sit litdc Sdd
( 1 }
(2) Dai Viet Sitky Tien Bien, Sdd, trang 164
9
- T h a n g M i n h H o a n g D e p h a i d u n g oai de t r i m g t r i
nhiJng bon g i a n ac n h i i d a t vac d a u d trufdc san
rong, n u o i g i a i t r o n g ao, n h o t h d du~ t r o n g h a n g r o i
r a l e n h r a n g h i a i p h a m t o i se b i truing t r i . "Hinh
luat uy nghiem nhw the thi cung qua lam, nhiing
nhd co nhiing hinh luat ay thi dan trong niidc mdi
dan dan dtftic yen"
N a m 977, v u a lap con l a H a n g L a n g l a H o a n g
T h a i t u \ con thCf la T o a n l a m Ve V i i d n g . SxL t h a n
N g u y e n N g h i e m phe p h a n gay gat rang: "Tien
Hoang yeu con nhd nen lap Hang Lang lam Thdi
tit, nhieu yeu ma lap nam Hoang hau, dam duoi
trong tinh duyen ma gay nen mam hau hoa. Phep
nhd khong dung dan thi lam sao ma tri nUdc dU(3c.
Rot cuqc dd gay nen sit chia re trong gia dinh, tai
bien xdy ra trong ke ndch, hoa den than, md hai
lay den cd con chau dbi s a a " .(2)
Vao dem T r u n g t h u n a m K y M a o ( 9 7 9 ) , tile l a
dem 9-9-979, ong va con t r U d n g l a N a m V i e t Vvfdng
D i n h L i e n b i t e n h a u can, chtic C h i H a u N o i n h a n
la Do T h i c h sat h a i k h i d a n g n g u d san r o n g .
(1) Viet Nam Si£ lUdc
(2) Dai Viet Si/ ky Tiin Bien, Sdd, trang 156
10
- D a i T h a n g M i n h H o a n g De mat, (hide t r i e u
t h a n t o n l a T i e n H o a n g D e , l i n h ciiu t a n g 0 Son
L a n g - n u i M a Y e n 6 T r i i d n g Y e n , Hoa L i i
D a i T h a n g M i n h H o a n g De d n g o i 12 n a m (9 68- (
979), tho 56 t u d i . D e n t h d ong diiOc d i i n g diidi chan
n u i M a Y e n d T r i i d n g Y e n , Hoa L u , ngay t r e n nen
cung d i e n cu. D a n h gia ve D i n h T i e n Hoang, T o a n
T h i f viet: "Vua tai ndng, thong minh hem ngiidi,
dung ItfQc nhd't ddi, quet sach ede hiing tru'dng, noi
lai dai thong cua Trieu Vu Be. Song khong biet diC
phong, khong giit du'cfc iron ddi. Dang tiec thay!" . (2)
D a i su" gia L e V a n H i i u d a n h gia t a i n a n g va
cong lao to l d n cua D i n h T i e n H o a n g t h a t xac
dang: "Tien Hoang tai ndng, sang suot hern ngUbi,
dung Itftic nhdt ddi. DiCcfng luc nUdc Viet ta khong
chu, cac hiing tru'dng cat cii, danh mot cdi ma mUdi
hai sit quan than phuc hei, roi md niCdc dong do,
ddi xUng Hoang De, dat tram quan, dung sau
quan, che do gdn du, chdc la y trdi vi niCdc Viet ta
Theo Dai Viet Si£ ky Toan Thti, trang 158
1
Dai Viet Sit ky Toan Thtf, Sdd, trang 153, 154
( 2 )
11
- lai sink ra bac Thanh Triet de tiep ndi chinh thong
cua Trieu Vtfdng chang?
Ngo V i i d n g Q u y e n l a n g i f d i m d d a u cho k y
n g u y e n doc lap, t\i c h u . D i n h T i e n H o a n g l a v i
a n h h u n g d a n t o e , moi d a u v a d a t n e n thong
n h a t q u o c g i a . Biic D a i t a "Chinh thong thuy"
t r o n g den t h d v u a D i n h d Tru'dng Y e n n h i i b a n g
v a n g l ^ u l a i n g a n t h u vo cong v a v a n t r i "khodng
tien vo hau" do. "Bac De vii&ng chinh thong cua
nutdc Viet ta khdi ddu tii day. Cac bac Vua Thanh
De'Thdn ke tiep nhau
chan tdc sau nay cung deu to
•> * (2)
rong theo bdi hoc cua trieu Dinh" . D o l a "y trdi
sinh ra cho nitdc Viet ta bdc Thanh Nhdn sang sudt
dendi tiep quoc thong" .(3)
'
( ) Dai Viet Sii ky Toan Thii, Sdd, trang 155
1
(2) Van bia din thd vua Dinh d Tru'dng Yen, huyen Hoa Ltf,
tinh Ninh Binh
X3) Le Van Htfu: Dai Viet Sti ky Tiin Bien, Sdd, trang 153
12
- LE D A I H A N I I HOANG DE
(941 - 1005)
Le Hoan sinh ngay ram thang 7 nam Tan Sxtu
(941), que d l a n g Bao T h a i , h u y e n T h a n h L i e m ,
tinh Ha Nam T h a n p h u ong l a L e M i c h , me la
D a n g T h i , t i f d n g t r u y e n ong ba l a m nghe ddm do
va quet san chua de k i e m song. D a n g i a n t r u y e n
t u n g cau "Cha do cd, me Id chua" de n o i ve s i l x u a t
t h a n cua v u a L e .
Cha me m a t sdm, L e H o a n d i 6" cho v i e n Q u a n
sat ho L e ^ ^. T h a y "tU each dtia tre nay khong
2
phai
nhtf ngiibi thubng" (Toan Thu"), Le Q u a n sat n h a n
ong l a m con n u o i , do'i xxl, day do nhu" con de. K h i
ldn len, L e H o a n gia n h a p n g h i a q u a n Hoa L a ,
theo N a m V i e t ViiOng D i n h L i e n t h a m da cac t r a n
mac, d a n h dep cac stf q u a n cat ca, sdm to r a "la
ngUbi phong khodng, co chi ldn, Tien Hoang khen
^ Theo Toan Thii va mot so'tai lieu khdc chip ong que d di
Chau (Thanh Hod).
( ) Co tai lieu noi Id Le LvCdng d di Chdy, (Thanh Hod)
2
13
- Id tri dung, chdc the ndo cung lam dUdc viec, m&i
giao cho trong coi 2000 binh si, roi thang den chtic
Thdp Dao Tw&ng Quan Dien Tien Do chi huy si?" ! (1
N a m 9 7 1 , ong l a m T h a p Dao T i i d n g q u a n nha
D i n h , t i i c l a n g i i d i T o n g c h i h u y q u a n doi luc bay
gid. M u a t h u n a m K y M a o (979), D i n h T i e n H o a n g
va D i n h L i e n b i Do T h i c h sat h a i . D i n h T o a n m o i 6
t u d i l e n n o i ngoi. L e H o a n chide T h a i h a u Du"dng
V a n N g a giao l a m N h i e p c h i n h d a i t h a n , sau tvt
x i i n g la P h o V i f d n g , quyen binh trieu dinh Hoa
L i i liic nay deu n a m t r o n g t a y ong. D a i t h a n nha
D i n h la D i n h D i e n , N g u y e n Bac, P h a m H a p , cho l a
ong l a n at v u a nho, m U u do c h i e m ngoi, b e n hoi
q u a n tvL C h a u a i ( T h a n h Hoa) keo ve bao vay k i n h
t h a n h Hoa Lu", n h a n g deu b i ong giet chet ca.
Nam T a n T X ( 9 8 1 ) , n h a T o n g cat b i n h v d i t a r n
t i i d n g cam dau sang d a n h nu"6c ta. O n g sai P h a m
C\i L a d n g l a m D a i t i i d n g t i e n p h o n g , d a n b i n h d i
chohg giQ. K h i b a n ke sach x u a t b i n h , P h a m C i i
Lu"dng c u n g cac t a d n g deu mac do n h u n g p h u c d i
t h a n g vao t r o n g p h u bao m o i n g t f d i r a n g : "Thiidng
ngiCdi co cong, giet ke khong theo menh lenh Id ky
(1) Dai Viet Siiky Toan Thtf, Sdd, trang 167
14-
- luat hdnh quan. Nay chua thu&ng tre. thd, chung
ta dii hei site lieu chei chdng ke dich ben ngodi,
may lap dtfOc chut cong thi ai biei cho. Chi bang
trUdc hay ton Thap Dao Tudng quan lam Thien tii,
roi sau se dem quan di danh thi hon". Q u a n si
nghe n o i the deu ho "Van tue '.
1
Thai hau DiiOng
V a n N g a t h a y m o i n g i i d i v u i long quy phuc, sai lay
ao long con mac cho L e H o a n , m d i L e H o a n len
ngoi H o a n g De, lay n i e n h i e u la Thien Phuc
nam thu 1
nhat, giang phong Dinh Toan lam
Ve V i f d n g .
Thang 3 nam 981 ( T a n T y ) , q u a n T o n g p h a t
b i n h x a m lvfdc nttdc ta. H a u N h a n Bao va Ton
T o a n Hu"ng den L a n g Sdn. T r a n K h a m To den Tay
Ket, hxiu T r i i n g den song B a c h D a n g . Le H o a n tvt
l a m tu"6ng chong giac, sai b i n h si dong coc n g a n
song B a c h D a n g , q u a n T o n g r u t l u i . N h a vua l a i
cho b i n h t i e n den a i C h i L a n g , cho b i n h si gia
hang, dat phuc b i n h , chem diidc dau t i i d n g giac la
H a u N h a n Bao. Q u a n cua T r a n K h a m To nghe t i n
cac canh b i d a n h b a i , ben t h u q u a n quay ve nUdc.
V u a Le sai cac tvfdng hdp b i n h dudi d a n h . "Quan
15
- cua Kham To thua to, chei den qua niia, thay chat
day ddng, bat dtfcfc tUdng la Qudch Quan Bien,
Trieu Phung Huan dem ve Hoa Ltf. Tie day trong
nUdc yen tinh. Bay toi dang ton hieu la Minh Can
ling van than vu thang binh chi nhan qudng hieu
Hoang Be" !
nguon tai.lieu . vn