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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Baøi 1: THÌ CUÛA ÑOÄNG TÖØ
I- Hieän taïi ñôn (Simple Present): 1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
S + V(s/es);
S + do/does + not + V;
Do/Does + S + V?;
S + am/is/are
S + am/is/are + not
Am/Is/Are + S?
Thì hieän taïi ñôn ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2.1 Moät thoùi quen, moät haønh ñoäng ñöôïc laëp ñi laëp laïi thöôøng xuyeân. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: always, often, usually, sometimes, seldom, rarely, every day/week/month …
Ex: Mary often gets up early in the morning. 2.2 Moät söï thaät luùc naøo cuõng ñuùng, moät chaân lyù.
Ex: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng trong töông lai ñaõ ñöôïc ñöa vaøo chöông trình,keá hoaïch. Ex: The last train leaves at 4.45.
II- Hieän taïi tieáp dieãn (Present Continuous): 1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
S + am/is/are + V-ing
S + am/is/are + not + V-ing
Am/Is/Are + S + V-ing?
Thì hieän taïi tieáp dieãn duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang dieãn ra ôû hieän taïi (trong luùc noùi); sau caâu meänh leänh, ñeà nghò. Trong caâu thöôøng coù caùc traïng töø: now, right now, at the moment, at present, …
Ex: What are you doing at the moment? - I’m writing a letter.
Be quiet! My mother is sleeping.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ ñöôïc leân keá hoaïch thöïc hieän trong töông lai gaàn. Ex: What are you doing tonight?
- I am going to the cinema with my father.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng nhaát thôøi khoâng keùo daøi laâu, thöôøng duøng vôùi today, this week, this month, these days, …
Ex: What is your daughter doing these days?
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
- She is studying English at the foreign language center. 3) Nhöõng ñoäng töø khoâng ñöôïc duøng ôû thì HTTD:
3.1 Ñoäng töø chæ giaùc quan: hear, see, smell, taste
3.2 Ñoäng töø chæ tình caûm, caûm xuùc: love, hate, like, dislike, want, wish
3.3 Ñoäng töø chæ traïng thaùi, söï lieân heä, sôû höõu: look, seem, appear, have, own, belong to, need, …
3.4 Ñoäng töø chæ sinh hoaït trí tueä: agree, understand, remember, know, … III- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh (Present Perfect):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì HTHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
S + have/has+ V3/ed
S + have/has + not + V3/ed
Have/Has + S + V3/ed?
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù khoâng xaùc ñònh roõ thôøi ñieåm. Ex: Have you had breakfast? – No, I haven’t.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra trong quaù khöù, coøn keùo daøi ñeán hieän taïi. Ex: My friend Nam has lived in HCMC since 1998.
2.3 Moät haønh ñoäng vöøa môùi xaûy ra. Ex: I have just finished my homework. 2.4 Trong caáu truùc:
Be + the first/second… time + S + have/has + V3/ed Be + the ss nhaát + N + S + have/has + V3/ed
Ex: This is the first time I have been to Paris.
She is the most honest person I have ever met. 3) Caùc traïng töø thöôøng duøng vôùi thì HTHT:
just (vöøa môùi), recently/lately (gaàn ñaây), ever (ñaõ töøng), never (chöa bao giôø), yet (chöa), already (roài), since (töø khi – moác thôøi gian), for (khoaûng), so far/until now/up to now/up to the present (cho ñeán baây giôø)
IV- Hieän taïi hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Present Perfect Continuous):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Study, study more, study forever!!!
S + have/has+ been + V-ing
S + have/has + not + been + V-ing Have/Has + S + been + V-ing?
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Thì HTHTTD ñöôïc duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
* Haønh ñoäng baét ñaàu trong quaù khöù vaø keùo daøi LIEÂN TUÏC ñeán hieän taïi vaø coøn tieáp dieãn ñeán töông lai, thöôøng duøng vôùi How long, since vaø for.
Ex: How long have you been waiting for her? - I have been waiting for her for an hour.
* HTHT: haønh ñoäng hoaøn taát HTHTTD: haønh ñoäng coøn tieáp tuïc
V- Quaù khöù ñôn (Simple Past): 1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
S + V2/ed;
S + did + not + V;
Did + S + V?;
S + was/were
S + was/were + not
Was/Were + S?
Thì QKÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát trong quaù khöù vôùi thôøi gian ñöôïc xaùc ñònh roõ. Caùc traïng töø thöôøng ñi keøm: yesterday, ago, last week/month/year, in the past, in 1990, …
Ex: Uncle Ho passed away in 1969. VI- Quaù khöù tieáp dieãn (Past Continuous):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKTD duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
S + was/were + V-ing
S + was/were + not + V-ing
Was/Were + S + V-ing?
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra (vaø keùo daøi) vaøo moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät khoaûng thôøi gian trong quaù khöù.
Ex: She was studying her lesson at 7 last night.
What were you doing from 3pm to 6pm yesterday? - I was practising English at that time.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñang xaûy ra (V-ing) ôû quaù khöù thì coù moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xen vaøo (V2/ed).
Ex: He was sleeping when I came.
While my mother was cooking dinner, the phone rang. 2.3 Hai haønh ñoäng dieãn ra song song cuøng luùc trong quaù khöù.
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Ex: While I was doing my homework, my younger brother was playing video games.
VII- Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh (Past Perfect):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì QKHT duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
S + had + V3/ed
S + had+ not + V3/ed
Had + S + V3/ed?
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng xaûy ra vaø hoaøn taát tröôùc moät thôøi ñieåm hoaëc moät haønh ñoäng khaùc trong quaù khöù (haønh ñoäng tröôùc duøng HAD + V3/ed, haønh ñoäng sau duøng V2/ed).
Ex: We had had dinner before eight o’clock last night. Lucie had learned English before she came to England.
2.2 Moät haønh ñoäng ñaõ xaûy ra nhöng chöa hoaøn thaønh, tính ñeán moät thôøi ñieåm naøo ñoù trong quaù khöù.
Ex: By the time I left that school, I had taught there for ten years. (Tôùi luùc toâi rôøi ngoâi tröôøng aáy, toâi ñaõ daïy ñöôïc 10 naêm.)
3) Thì naøy thöôøng ñöôïc duøng vôùi caùc töø, ngöõ sau ñaây: * After, before, when, as, once
Ex: When I got to the station, the train had already left. * No sooner … than (vöøa môùi … thì)
Hardly/Scarely … when (vöøa môùi … thì)
Ex: He had no sooner returned from abroad than he fell ill. ---> No sooner had he returned from abroad than he fell ill.
(Anh aáy vöøa môùi trôû veà töø nöôùc ngoaøi thì ñaâm ra beänh.) * It was not until … that … (maõi cho tôùi … môùi …)
Not until … that … (maõi cho tôùi … môùi …)
Ex: It was not until I had met her that I understood the problem. ---> Not until I had met her did I understand the problem.
(Maõi tôùi khi toâi gaëp coâ ta, toâi môùi hieåu ñöôïc vaán ñeà.) VIII-Quaù khöù hoaøn thaønh tieáp dieãn (Past Perfect Continuous):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
Study, study more, study forever!!!
S + had + been + V-ing
S + had + not + been + V-ing
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Ngöõ phaùp tieáng Anh THPT
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Nguyeãn Ñaëng Hoaøng Duy
Had + S + been + not + V-ing?
Thì QKHTTD duøng ñeå nhaán maïnh tính LIEÂN TUÏC cuûa haønh ñoäng cho ñeán khi moät haønh ñoäng khaùc xaûy ra trong quaù khöù.
Ex: When she arrived, I had been waiting for three hours. IX- Töông lai ñôn (Simple Future):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp: - Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
2) Caùch duøng chính:
Thì TLÑ duøng ñeå dieãn taû:
S + will/shall + V
S + will/shall + not + V
Will/Shall + S + V?
2.1 Moät haønh ñoäng seõ xaûy ra trong töông lai. Ex: I will call you tomorrow.
2.2 Moät quyeát ñònh ñöa ra vaøo luùc noùi. Ex: It’s cold. I’ll shut the window.
2.3 Moät quyeát taâm, lôøi höùa, ñeà nghò, yeâu caàu. Ex: I will lend you the money.
Will you marry me?
2.4 Moät tieân ñoaùn, döï baùo trong töông lai. Ex: People will travel to Mars one day.
3) Moät soá traïng töø chæ thôøi gian thöôøng gaëp:
tomorrow, tonight, next week/month/year, some day, in the future, … * LÖU YÙ: Caùch duøng cuûa be going to + V:
+ Dieãn taû yù ñònh (khoâng coù trong keá hoaïch)
Ex: I have saved some money. I am going to buy a new computer. (Toâi ñaõ ñeå daønh ñöôïc moät ít tieàn. Toâi ñònh mua moät maùy vi tính môùi.) + Dieãn taû moät döï ñoaùn coù caên cöù
Ex: Look at those clouds. It’s going to rain.
(Haõy nhìn nhöõng ñaùm maây ñoù kìa. Trôøi saép möa.) X- Töông lai tieáp dieãn (Future Continuous):
1) Caùch thaønh laäp:
- Caâu khaúng ñònh - Caâu phuû ñònh
- Caâu hoûi
Study, study more, study forever!!!
S + will/shall + be + V-ing
S + will/shall + not + be + V-ing Will/Shall + S + be + V-ing?
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