Mô hình hành vi thông tin

MO HINH HANH VI THONG TIN
ThS. Bui Ha PhuUng
Khoa Thtf vien • Thdng tin hoc, Oai hpe KHXH&NV Tp. HCM
Tdm tdt

Hanh vitiidngtin^ mgt phin nginh tivng linh vifc khoa hgc Ihdngtinva la mgt linh vyc lien nginh
v& nhteu quan di&n khac nhau r^ift^ly
hgc nhantiiij/c,hinh vi tn chut, truyen thdng, triit hgc, nhin
chiing hgc, s'nh hgc vi bi& hgc tiSi hoa, bong do co khoa hgctitUv^n- thdngtin.Bat wS gftjjtiii$umd
so md hinh hanh vi tiidng tin tir mgt so quan di&n ti^ dn khac nhau. Y nghia cua nghOn aiU md hi
hanh vi thdngtintrong ho^ adng thUviin - thdng tin.
Tif khoi: Thtf vign, hanh vi thdng tin, md hinh, ngudi dung tin.
NoSiatX:

Hanh vitiidngtinla mgt phin nginh tiong linh vyt khoa hpc Uidngtinvi la mdt Ifnh viiC HSn ngan
v& nhiiu quan a&n khac nhau nhu tim ly hgc nh$n tiidt, hinh vltS chtit, tiuyen tiidng, bi^ hgc, nhan
diiing hoc, ^nh hgc vi triS hgctienhoi, trong dd cd Idioa hoctiiiTvien - thdngtin.Bii vi& gidi thi$u md
so md tnnh hanh vi tiidng tint^mgtsS quan di&n ti^ cin khac nhau. 9 ngha cua nghiin citu md hlnh
hinh vltiidngtintrong hoat dgng thu vi^ • thdng bn.
Keywords: Ubraries, informatian behaviour, models, information users.

N

gdy nay, hdnh vi ttidng ttn (HVTT) Id mpt
phdn ngdnh bong linh vyt khoa hpc thdng
tin va Id mpt Iinh vyc lign ngdnh vdi nhieu
quan dilm khdc nhau nhtf tdm ly hpc nhdn thut,
hanh vi tddiiit, buygnttidng,bilt hpc^ nhdn chiing
hpc, sinh hpc vd tria hpe tien hod, trong dd c6
khoa hpcttitfvign -ttidngtin.Thudt ngff HVTT xua
hign ttf nhung ndm 1990 v * nguon goc khdi nigm
nhu du tin, stf dyng ttidng tin da cd tii" nhuhg
ndm 1960 [1]. Nhieu nhd nghUn aiu v^ HVTT da
tip ttung ttf dinh hudng hgttiongd&i djnh h u ^
ngudi dCingtin(NDT). Trong nhQng ndm 1970, cdc
nghign aiu bdt ddu nhSn mgnh d€n yeu ^ c d nhdn
nhtf ngudi tim kiem vd stf dung thdng tin.
HVTT la thudt ngff diing d l md td cddi thtfc
con ngudi bftjng tdc vdi ttiong ttn, ttf each con
ngudi Bm kiem, khaittidc,dipn lpc, stf dyng, dila
s l vd tdi tgo ttiflng Hn. HVTT la toan bd hdnh vi
con ngutfi liin quan d&i thdng tin, bao gom hdnh
vi ttiy ddng vd vd y nhy ngSu nhign g^pttidngtin,
ding nhtf hanh vi aS mye (Ttch ma khdng IHn quan
d&i tim kiSn, nhtf chii ddng ttanh ttidng tin [2].

HVTT cd t h l cd y ttitfc hay tiem ttitfc, bilu hi§n
hay tiem In, ty nguyen hay bSt bupc, Id hdnh vi
ed t h l dan xen vdl cdc hogt dpng hdng ngay ciia
mSi ngtfdi. Nhtf v|y, HVTT Id mdt ttiu§t ngff vdi
nghta rdng bao triim cac khia cgnh khdc nhau ciia
hdnh vl con ngudi lien quan din thdng tin.
Md hinh hdnh vi thong tin
HVTT la m$t ITnh vyc nghign CIJ\J bong khoa
hpc ttitf vign - ttidng tin, nghign eutf todn bd hdnh
vi cua con ngtfdi liin quan den ttidng tin, bao gSm
diii dpng vd bj ddng, bang ttidi tinh thiSn biaj hign
ben ngodi hay tiem In lien quan den ttidng tin, L^
thuya vd md hinh HVTT thtfdng t|p bung vao
mpt trong ba khfa cgnh Idn oia HVTT, dd Id tim
kiem ttidng tin, dypc hilu nhtf tim tin, ba ctfu tin,
khai thac thdng tin vd hilu bia ttidng tin; khia
cgnh ttitf hai Id td chut ttidng tin vd ttitf ba Id stf
dyng thdng tin. Mdc dii vgy, cd ba khia cgnh ndy
lign quan chdt die viH nhau md khdng cd sy tdch
bia vd phdn djnh qud ldn.
Moi md hinh HVTT dSu t h l hign quan dilm
tilp cdn khdc nhau, tuy vdy, cdc md hlnh d3u nhSn

mgnh dai cac khfa canh tigu bieu ciia cac giai
dogn trong md hinh. Cac quan ffiem tiep cgn bao
gom quan diem hanh vi, quan diim nhdn ttiiit hdnh vi, quan d'lem nhdn ttiiit - tinh cam va quan
diem b'di h ^ .

Mfi hinh nay cho thdy, cdc moi lien he chi tia
hay tutfng xx giua cac ttianh phan trong bdt ky
mfi htnh hanh vi tim kian ttifing tin cua ea nhan
phy thupc vao bihg hoan cdnh nhat dinh cua hoat
dpng tim kian thmg tin tai thdi dian cy the.

Md hinh hanh vi

/T\

i

\±,

M6 hinh Blis [8]
Md hinh hdnh vi tim kiem thfing tin ciia tae gia
Ellis [8] bao gom 6 ddc dilm chung. Nhffng ddc
diem nay dtfde mfi td dya b-gn nhihig nghign eiili
ve cdc nhd khoa hpc xa hdi, nhd vgt ly, nhd hod
hpc, ky stf vd cdc nhd nghidn ctfu bong mfit nha
i n d j ^ u ddc d-tem khai qudt cOa md hinh nay
^ ^ ^ ^ 1 khdi ddu (Slatting), xau diuoi (Chaining),
Itfft (Browsing), phdn bia (Differentiating), kiem
tra (Monitoring), bich Ipc (btbacting), xac ttiyt
(Verifying) vd k a ttiiic (Ending).
- Khdi dau (Starting): Xdc djnh ngufin tim phii
hyp.
- Xdu chu5i (Chaining): Theo dfii vd ket noi
nguon mdi duljc tim ttiay ttong nguon tim ban
dSu (quay trd Igi hodc tiep bjc).
- Ludt (Browsing): Nhin ludt npi dung cua cdc
ngudn tim bdng cdch nhin ludt qua mye lye, bdng
tra, chii d§, nhan de...
- Phdn bigt (Differentiating): Trfch Ipc vd ddnh
gid edc nguon tim hOy dyng vd lyS chpn ngudn
tim bdng cdch phan b'ch sy khac bigt giiia bdn
ChSt bf nhign vd chit lu^ng ma ttiong tin mang
lgi.
- Kilm tta (Monitoring): d p nh|t ehii dg dio
ttudc bdng cdch kHm tia ttitfdng xuyln nguon
tim chfnh.
- Trich Ipc (Exbacting): Ldm vigc mpt cdch he
ttidng ttifing qua mdt ngufin tim tdi ligu da ed.
- Xdc ttiyt (VferilVing): Mlm ba b'nh chfnh xdc
eua thi^ig tin.
- Kattwic(Ending): Quattinhtimki&n ka tiiiic

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