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  1. BG()N NGfJ" VAN CHUa-Ne In CHUaNG II , Pitt 'BiNH VAN HQC binb vall AQC cUngo nhU' nghien CtfU van hQc la tU'
  2. ph! Mrth bing tfch khen bay ch! ,A ta kJien.. ch! tUy nhtl" tac 8ii cuOn c6 cUng pbe alnh. 1I\J theo tac thieU 'eam'-ha, ty D&i khi liri qua tiing Itti -glh cae chi khoDl -C6ag khuyah hri.., u(jo,tQbh: ahitDB btit • .•lIUJIg tr$a chli-i baLm"t sat -oh,au .m9t .;de -1ICaohf.. Diy g1lr· khi' nghi den ,nft&ng NM't Linh! f)to.. Lan Nguyin 00'" Hoan v.• chuag ta chi elHl biit nhfrng tic ph. cU3.he}; nhung neu {dQc tp llbiing to- bao rna h9 ch1i t1'U'O'llI _1 tk;va hQ to sat nbau khoi 'nh.:en .1 Mung nha van rna ta Jilu-y Pllv-C' J$ic6 1hl nhO nhen, tien. c;ic.h, -pi dell (thE. 4p khi nghi y:{1 ll}).•it ,chien. ,1!ifb nq6m 1\t' ,I¥"(: :v:6i,dt ca pA&ne' ,.. tih6m_. ' . --,' , VaQ tra cfi. m6'i thvc SV c6 nhitnw '1»li phe,bmh dUng din ya -
  3. J,TGON NGD" VAN CHUaNG Kieu cua bach Khoa; con (y ngoai Bac, chU'a thoat khOi thu- duy gUo dieu, khOng phai de ra ltboi Mn chu nghia duy nhU'ng it ra de vU'O'n t,H rnQt thu- duy ((Sang suot» coi mOo kieu Lukacs, hay Goldmann. Dieu cbtl y la 0- mien Nam, c6 dieu ki?n tiep tnu nhu ng quan meri cu a tay phuO'ng tir nai mU'O'i nlrn nay ho-n, ma kh6ng co nhfrng TrU'O'ng 'fuu, Vfi ng'Qc Phan khac ap nhfrrg quan meri d6 vao van hQc MQt (0 Ie te gan day cua Tuyen, ve Chinh phlJ ngam, De long Van v6i «Nguon uU'6c trong thO' Hi) xuan HuO'ng) ehU'a phai Ia nhfrng ap thanh cong hay mhfrng cong trinh dang rna loi thoat khOi 1'lhfrng .(;l.n dl1'Crng moD. Mt;1c dieh chU'O'ng nay Hong ph.ii nhiim trinh bay lieh sir phe binh van hQc Vi?t-nam, ding kh3ng phit nham gi6i tat cd nhfrng quan van hQc cua the gio i nhU'ng de 5th cho van de ra & ehU'O'ng ba: Ngon ngiT Van chlrO"ng va phe van hQc : qua sinh ho.t phe binh, qua nhfrng quan phe blnh. £6 phe binh dU'Q'c khOnl!' the n?iO la phe blnh t va la gi6i etia.mc;>i phe binh ?. N6i each khac khong phai dirng aquan diem phe biah van hQc de trinh bay lieh su pM binh van hQc, nhtrng '" quan diem ly van hQc de phe binh pM blnh van
  4. NGuyh¥ vAN TRUNG .. nhlm. tim hi'u bin cbitt, tang cU. pht. bleh van hQ(: qua quaa niem ph! blnh vln h9C sinh hott phi "mh. , Trong vien ttrQ'ng d6, chU'O'ng nAy se chi sO nhung quan ph! binh cii eta dU'g'C ap d(tng vie vin h9C va m9t so nhii'ng quan m&i etang bien 0- Au-Ch£iu nhU'Dg chU'a 4U'Q'c ap- dQ.ng 00 van gi&i eli&- lIl9i phe blah trong chU'O'ng ba. Nhii'ng quan niem pM binh ci1 nhU': ph! binh luSn phe binh an tU'9"ng chu quan giao dieu, phe: binh gUo khoa, ph! blnh tam Iy va ph! blnh xa Mi. Nh..., phe binh m&: nhU' pMn tam hQC Jdta slob e4a Same. t&m phan h9C vtt cMt ella Bac1telard, tim phan binb. etia C. Maul'On, phC binb coo dl, pile blnh CO' ciu...
  5. r lVG6N NGO' VAN CHUaNG PH1N I quan pile blnh cO Phi blnh 6n-tU'C]'ng chu quan, g160 PM biob. an tU'gng la mQt hU'&ng phe bioh khOng chit dich tim hi€u if nghia gia trj khach quan eua tac nhwng Ul hay to nhfrng phan ang chu quan c·,ja ngtr
  6. 11'6 chuln. ttOl1g ahi't111 tl!u. chulu cbinh phil U9'P vcYi 4bi hOi . 40. thU'o-ng ngoJtl Ii: «tac phlm hay khi n6 t$o' d\t9'c tung cam nghe , NhU'ug h!n dt ca nhirng tieu chuln cua nb" phe binh an tU'Q'ng chu quan. vi rUSlg cam If thuQc sO- thfch chu quan cua m&i ngU'o-i. PM blnh an tU'Q'ng c6 dnh each giao di!u· khi dl pM blnh muon gan cho nhiing cam tU'ang phe phaa d"a do cM. quan cua mlnh mQt gia trj phl> bien. - dic quan trQng phan quan pM binh tU'9'ng vo-i tat ca nhirng quan 1a aha pM biGh tU'Q'ng hob t03n Qu-ng trong lanh V1!C van chU'O'ng. khong dung nhfrng ylu tiS .ngoai v.an chU'O'ng nhU' cuQC dai. tac gi:i. tho-i tim Iy, xi Mi gi:ii thieh van chU'O'ng. Noi each pM binh chi eM y den tic tach van chU'csg 1'a khoi sir. xli h9i tho-i dii cua tic gao ]);rng Iii {T tanh V1!C vlbt chU'O'ng, nha binh chi muon nhia dinh cau van hay dO-, cOt dUitg .., khOng h9'P Iy, tuy phe blah giai thfeh . . . , sao. d\ta tren m9' qUail nitm 030 ncU' hay ve thttc 1$i, 11. xl &fl.••
  7. : NOON NGfJ" VAN CHUaNG net tren ctia 16i pM blnh an tlrQ'ng Co tim thiy 0- no-i m¢t so nha phe blnh cfa u tien nhU' Bao- duy Anh, Thieu Son, Hoai Thanh, Vfi ng9c Phan, T ftr0'ng Chinh..• Ong f)ao duy Anh mqt nha n ghien cu-u dl1 nhU'ng kbi di vf10 phe binh ong theo quan 50 t1.rQ'ng. Oug dinh Kieu, !1ghien cu-u Str tU' ttro-ng cua Du, nhU'ng khong dung nhii'ng s1! kien thu-c do giai tJ:tich van chU'O'Tlg tt Kieu trM oag chu trtrO'ng mQt· thai dQ thU'o-Dg khi dQc van chtfO'ng Kieu nhU" ong· da viet: (,{chung ta sO- di yeu chuQng Kieu khOng phii vi no Co lam skh Iy cho d&i, rna chi vi trong sich 5y Du da dung nh frog Uri van de rung dQng tam hon ta.. ,» ma lai van than 5y theo hQ Bao «khOng ai la khOng cam thOng! NhU'ng biet het cat hay 5y Ia dieu rat khO, m a giai thich cho ra het cai tinh vi khUc ay la dieu kh6 nUal). Ong Thieu SO'n trong «(PM bloh d Cio (I9'Jt rie dinh mt;1c dich ctia phe binh Ia a:dqc dum cho ngtriri khac', nghIa 13 n6i len cai nghia ly eua cau cai h;1Y dO- ella lai van, nhtrng Thieu Soon khOng cho biEt car.. C1Z V20 diu Dc djnh cai hay dir, nghia It va vi
  8. ·n8 NGuyt.N VAN TRUNG' Iy ella rn9t tae N6i deh khac, nhu-ng dinh pM phan, Soon de ra chi cO dnh cach C' ;; quan va gi;io dieu. N goai' fa. trong tae phe bin! Thieu 'Soon llhlm pM binh nhiing nhin nha val" .hl'o'ng th6'i, nhU'ng Thitu SO'n dt it cM j den' ,; , gi&i ty mi sir, than va s't! cua ,...\ van va nhat la khOng dting nhfrng kien thtrc ve : ':u sir, ·than the lOt;' gidi thick van chttcyng eu: lC gii. Nha phe binh di vao tac gil. !ac pham nhu' tim mQt stf gO' doi va doi chut," -panh llhfrng \Ian de rna chinh nha pM bioh th:ie mftc, y. Thieu Soon da ehi coi tae gia minh pM binh nh11' m¢t -cO' h9i eng neu len m
  9. NG()N NGtt VAN CH iTaNG Hoai Thanh tho-i Ia mQt ebti- trU'O'ng quan vi thu3t. Quan nay thuo-ng dti'a 15i nhln !in dati qlUll thcH tbU'o-ng ve phuO'ng dien pJae Tach van chU'O'ng ra khoi ca nhii'nl Il kh5ng pbai yan chtrO'ng, coi van chuO'ng itbt, mQt iioi biet m9t cu-u dnh t\1' 1:>6 13. quan npe 1flu3t vi va ding la quan phe bloh ter9'ng, Nha phe blnh khong mn tac pUm vo-i lich air van hQc, su- tac thM d:'j.i t?C gil va dung ahii'ng kiln thu-c ve van hQc sir J tMn tM tac tho-i .c gii gi;ii thfch van chuO'ng. Khi viet «Thi nhan Yitt-nam» Hoai Thanh tuy c6 cho' ta hiet qua loa ve tieu sir 811' cua nba thO', nhung khong dung nhii'ng S1! d6 vao tim hieu tho' cua hQ. Trong nhfrng hM hao viet ngM phe hlnh dang 0- cae chi Trang an, Tieu thuyet th'U' bay v.v. nhat la nhung hai troog cUQc tranb ve nghe vi nhan sinh hay vi ngM hoi I935-I936. HoM Thanh (fa hay to res quan di!m vi nght va pM blnh 5n tU'9'ng. Trtr6'c rnQt tac bai thO' nhu Kieu, Hoai Thanh cho rang khOng nen giai thich dt nghia. nhit 12 giai thfch cb nghia Mng nhfrng Iy do, t6 Wag phdi ding dirng tim cong m\lC
  10. , NGuyAN vAN TRUNG dieh khong phai C'lia hal thO', de ma chi nen rung cam. boa dong vi g;ai thieh dt nghia Se tieu chat. thO', chat van ehtrO'ug:« Chat thO' bang trong can phai dtrQ'c cam tMy deh hOn nbien. -Cir phan tach, giang giai n6 se tan die mn day phai im hO'i phii btr6'c meri hong nMn thay cli khi diu dang thuy khi traug huy ho}ng». Trong bal {( van phe binh» Hoai Thanh .quan : «PM blnh va eu.ng mQt dieh, mQt tfnh akh : tim cai tim cal trong tlJ' nhien lao tim cli d«;p trong 13 binb••• «Nita van pbai 00 mQt tam hon gi3U tinp cam I JH1g dQng tr1.!Vc mQi cai t\1'nlden; nhl phe' blnh e lng ph3i e6 m9t tam hon guu tin,b cam hilt rung truO'c cai dl;P trong van Rup.g mQt cacb t\1 &hi@n. Kh6 la 0- eM nay. Ch4ng phaD t\;deu m:ang nhfrng thanh nbir.:,g qQin·do hoan . dnb. do sach vb tlem nbiem tir }Au doin vi tht UtrCrng c6 ve chenb t.ch. muon pb@' binil mQt thO' hay m¢t' .yln hltta phii qutn mQi thinh kien. ,phaidQc tfUtYC mQl each t\1' nhitn; phai It tim tri.minh. .. _h tv nhitn. Xe.m van nhtr t,W.mbi dsn
  11. NG6N NGt! VAN CHUaNG L11c dliu khang nen tim uguyln nhlo vi sao 1$1 hay ; c6- t tim m6i cam se hcic lit lSi, hoij,c khong th1,fc)) T.T, thu- 7-s6-35 :. 26-II-Ig3r Va c1u sau day bAy to thai thuo-og cua- 16i phe blnh tU'9'ng : «Van chU'O'ng muon gi thl gi, trU'O'c ding phai 11 van chU'O'ng da., MQt bai van hay a mQt bong hoa. Lam sao ngU'Cri ta l:;ti cU' ep bong boa phai thanh qua 1a ngbia Iy gi "? MQt ti hU'O'Dg man mac luc canh trU'cYng, nhii'ng m!u xinh tU'O'i rung rinh dU'6'i anh treri -khi ban s6':n khien cho kbach giang ho nbii'ng n6i nh9c ma tron"g cb6c lat huo-Dir nhfrng phut say sU'a, nhU' ch£ng du cho 4..i. hoa hay sao)) (Trang an 15-8-35)' '(rong mQt bai bao khac, Holi Thanh cbi tclch ahfrng ngU'o-i pM binh dai qua, chi biet nhung ciu khen chf' r6i trich m Qt Jam d5n chirrg va doi hOi nha phe binh
  12. NGUYEN V.4.N TRUNG do .U'.. 110M t!eu chuan khong cho biet phai can ett giai thich cat -hay _ca· 4.p, nhfrng deu chu5n d6 c6 gia tri pho haly kht>ng. T.ng th\fc te "lnb, Hoai Thanh ding 'chi biet ,d\fa va. di can tIVC qu n, khieu th1m my chU quae ctta minh • dinh khen che rna thai. 000 V.. DI 11M van
  13. fNOON NGtJ' Tl'iN' ciiuaNG !Vii ngQc Phan khong cho dQc gia biet gi ve ngay s;nh. ,qua tieu cu¢c thM eua nha van- va chi gi6'i thi?u ngay tac cia van. Ri (ft'rng trong Hinh vtyc thuan tuy van Vii ngQc Phan ding chi y pM ph:in cAu van hay . c5t kheo hay v"(l.ng, hoJe xet xem nha van van c6 dung van chlnh tci hay khOng, quan tat ma ta c6 dung lI1f th1!c hay kh6ng, di VaG nhfrng chi tiet dt v"(l.n ma khang nhtm pb:lc 1193 khung clnh nhu-ng dV dinh tong quat can ban ella nha van. Vii ngQc Phan da ue! 0< dau gf{ri 11t:a b1:nh phU'Q'ng ph?p phe blnh cia miuh: «Oli phtrO'ng phap cot yeu ctia nha pM binh chan chinh va c6 tai Ia trong m9t v-an nhu-ng dl hay va nhu-ng cai der t pMi noi C·) ro SaO mlnh eho la hay va sao minh eho Ia roi phai n6i neu da thi ca·a pMi lam nhtr the n 3(':o
  14. r;GTJYEN VAN TRUNG .cot dung hay phu.ng la Vii ngQc Pha..n da din c{r V2.0 nhii'ng tieu co pM ph;1n (van phai can xu-ng: deo gQt, tam 11 thOng thU'o-ng), ,cng ·d'ing chi long khen che roi trich van n;la giai thich q.i sao, nMt la thich theo quan nghe thtp..t Mn hoi va cIS tinh cachkhoa hQc cMng cAu van hay vi hinh anh da J:tU'Q'c cau nhU' 1M nao. tthifng chcr da dU'Q'c ghep lam sao, can c{r vaO nhih.g qui lU4t nao cua tUm tu tit hQC. Vu ngQc -Phan khong c6 I, thuilt phe blah vl t:ung c!l.tng theo h£n mOt 11 thuyet oao r5 ret, cng hay lien he nhii'.,g dinh cua eng vao pMn doan cua cac nba phe blnh tay pbU'ong va lam cho ngU'
  15. "NG 6N NGtJ' V AN CHua KG ta thU'Crng thay trorg n' tl'ng ng:b c&a Ana-E>fe Fral ee, cua Hoffm:m l1, loan khii'ng nha va chti t 12'0'118 roai l:ghi ». ( ;jp. trang 34). N6i each nhfrng xet phe phan coa Vi] ng-Qc Phan ve cot 1&! van hlu ret
  16. "l' NCUYEN VAN TRUNG quan .. can pbaigiaiquyet ngay, No lien thiet dtn tt'O'ng tai nei giong ta :ll' {Dtt'&i toi, t:ang 13B. ()()o M(>t eua ..! pH binhan tU'(tng, ella quan, gHo dieu Iil 1 i,:, '1"; dlJ'a vic nhfrng yeu t5 ngoaivan ":HrO'ng de tim "1(;' va giai t1;;:ch van chU'O'ng (dn etr v> an -hQc sir, v;; \"','- Geri, t1;« Qq.! tac gia, vilo- 1u aAn l' " y :?:,' ,y, a h6" _,1 v,V. _, t",ng kh" !lu;?ng" y'"'' quan nl'A_ phe binh g:"J khoa, luan ly, 't :'rr> Iy, Xa-)
  17. .NOON NOU VAN CHUaNG 2.- Tren phU'O'ng nQ.i dung: hQ ding khOng b6 Hm ly, .Xii MiT Triet 19 'Ii hQ tim Iy Triet Iy X3 hQi, nhU'ng la tir tac khOng phii lay t:lm 19 Xli-h9f, triet It khaeh quan giai thieh tac Ghi nhu- mQt philn aon cua nhung th1fe khOng ph2i -van ehU'O'ng, Trai qual'\" 3a tU'9'ng 13 aii chi ltlng bay to nhn ng dm ttro-ng rung dQng eua nha phl blnh khi dQe fa: 13 gicii thich theo nhii'ng tieu ehU quan cO dnh each giao Hoon nih bO nhii'ng lib cue t:k ph11m v6'i tac gia, theri la nMn gi..'l'i tim nhat)a d6i v&i nhii'ng uha van khOng phai la nllirn. de gia khuyet danh hay vo dat,h.
  18. Phi binh 9160 khoa ta :nQt loi phe binh c6n rat thfnh Mnb. Hau het Rhung sach giao vanhQc sUo, hay sac\} pM binll tfic gia nay deu it nhieu' d1!a tren quan phe bloh nay. ThO'i tJcn chien, m9t so nha' binh nhtr Tran thanh Le Thanh, Kicu thanh DtrO'ng qcang cii,ng eta: ap d\lng nhfrng doi hi?i cua phtrO'ng phap phe binh giao diem eua phU'O'og phap nay la dung van 1i9c' sUo, Cu9cd
  19. , lfG6N NGfJ' vAN CHUO'NG x.- Tim d6'i s(Sng t!c gia ma Lanson cho- dng co lien M den tac 2 . - Bloh van bang each tim hieu xuat xtr, nguiln goc ban van, xac dinh anh htrlrng t;ac gil da nMn dU'Q'c vl y va 1
  20. NGUytN V4N TRUNG v e ngay sinh, nO'I sinh, ten hoan dnh gia dinh, giAo d\1c nhii'ng bien c6 1o-n ve tinb cam, sinh nghe chi ah tri.·.· Hm nbfrng chU'a ai blng eacb tim ra dU'Q'c nhfrng tat mo-i; xac th1J'c do-i song ,ac gil. Tat ca nhfrng S\1' kien d6 se giup nha phe binh glai thich sao nha van da tac ph1m et6, diu van do. hay lily rot I' U \ do. Ho?c nha ph e binh dm nbfrng s\1' xac dmh nguon goc, xuat xli' diu van va anh hU'Crng nha van aa nMn : .- Tac pham c6 phai a dung tac pham v)in dU'Q'c nhin !thIn kh6ng, c6 phai la dung cua dc gia van dU'Q'c gan gbep khong, nha phe binh dU'a ra nhfrng cii mM doi chieu, pM phan nhfrng y kien da pMt lien quan den tac tac gia b1ng ca
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