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- D,;.I HQC Qu6c GIA - TP. HCM
TRUONG D,;.I HQC KHOA HQC TV NHIEN
L Y THJ THANH LOAN
A1...
" , ",,"
NGHIEN CUU MOT SO VI KHUAN VA VIRUS
GA Y B~NH TREN TOM SU (Penaeus monodon)
" A1
NUOI THU
- J>-L
tONG TRiNHaliOC HoANTHANH
T41
VleN NGHIENcl1u NUOITRaNGTHUYSANII
Ngllirihll(fngdin khoahoc:
1. PGS.TS.PH4MTHANH
HO
2~ TS. NGUYENANHAO
V
Phin bien1: .PGS. S.BiJiLai...................
T
, ..
Phin bien 2: PGS.TS. Tran Linh Thuoc.....................
.............................................................................
Phin bien3: .TS.TrinhTruong
Giang...................................
"..,.,...,.........................
Lu~nan se duQc
baav~ truDcHOidongcha'mlu~nan ca'pnhanuDc
hop t~i TruOng hoc Khaahoc TI,lnhien
E>~i , ,
...D(,lihoc Quac gia - Tp.Ho ChI Minh ...............................
vaohoi ,09.giCJ ngay30 thang..01..nam2004...
00
Coth~tim hi~ulu~nant~i thuvi~nKhoa hocTOng va
hOp
thuvi~nTruOng >~i
E hocKhoa hocTI,lnhien- TP.HoChiMinh
- Lu4n an "Nghien cztu m(}t so'vi khudn va virus gay b~nh tren tom su
(Penaeus monodon) nuoi thlldng phdm d'D8ng Bang Song Cau Long"
Chu'dng 1: MO E>AU
1.1. Tinh c6p thiet cua luin an
Trong nhung th4p Bien g~n day, nu6i tr6ng tMy san c1khu vf!c CMu
A n6i chung va Vi~t Nam n6i rieng dang tren da phat tri~n, nha'tla
ngM nu6i t6m bi~n c1nhung vung veil bi~n, cii'a s6ng. Tuy nhien, mQt
trC1
ng~i ldn anh hu'C1nge'n Dang sua't va san 1u'
- 2
M th6ng
- Nghien cti'u va cac b~nh thu
- 3
Rung", "Rung - Tom") va TC (nuMcongnghi~p).
E>~m\lc 3 va 4: gidi thi~u cac ~nh thu'~m\lc 5: gidi thi~u mQt vai phu'dng phap nghien cU'uvi sinh v~t g~y
b~nh tren tom so. va cac loai thuQc h
- 4
3.1.3. XU'IVs61i~u
Ap d\mgcac ph~nm~mtrongchu'dngtrinhSPSSde xii'19s6lic$u.
Dung phep rinh th6ng ke mo ta de rinh cac gia tIi: gia tIi trung biBb
(mean), dQlc$ch chu~n (SD),M s6 tu'dngquaDPearson va phu'dngsai
ANOV de tim cac m6i tu'dngquaD.
A
3.2. Nghi6n ct1u mim b~nh virus: virus g6y b~nh col (MBV)va
virus g6y hoi chang d6m trAng (WSSV)tr6n t6m su va cae loai is
hQt6m he
3.2.1. ThCli ian, dla (liim, htC1ng
g miu ph6n tfch
S6miuthu Me) hlnh
Dia diim
ThO'iIdan
to'02- Cn Dude - 108 mfiu "TOm-LUa"
05/1997 Long An (*)
91 mfiu BTC
to'03- Duyen Hili -
07/1998 Tri'iVinh (*)
to' 06/97 - "Tom-Rimgn,
Ci'iMau (**) 72 mfiu: TOmgitfng
05/98 216 mfiu: TOm trwng thanh "Rimg-Tom"
Ghi eM: (*): phdn tfchMBVva WSSV bdng phllang phdp mo hqc truy€n tMng.
(**): phlin rich MBV bdng phllang phdp mo hqc truyin tMng; WSSV bdng
phllang phap nW hqe va PCR.
3.2.2. Phu'dng phap
- Phltdng phdp M6 hqc: m§u tom du'
- 5
3.2.3. XU'IV soU,u
Ap d~ng cae ph~n m~m trong chu'dng trlnh SPSS d~ xii' ly s6lic$u.
3.3. H, thong mQt so b,nh thuC1ngg4p tr~n t6m su Csm6 hlnh
nu6iTC
3.3.1. ThC1i
gian, dla diim, so ao nghh!n euu
D~e di~m
Thiti gian S6 ao
Dia di~m I
I
n2hi~n eU'u
2 ao
1999-2000 1 Long Hlidng (Bi!
Ria - VfingTau
4 ao
1999-2000 I C6nC6ng
(Tien Gian.
B
- 6
Klt qua ghi nh~n c6 Sf!. ai khae y nghla (p
- 7
Ke't qua khao sat cae m~u t6m tho t~i C~n Dude -Long An, ghi nh~n
cae loai vi khu~n g~y b~nh hi~n di~n trong cae m~u tho d
- 8
4.1.4. Nghi~n cl1u chi t4o khang huyit thanh V. harveyl dg phat
hi,n nhanh vi khu§n nay tr6n tom
Thi nghi~m du'
- 9
NMn xet:
- H~ mi~n dich cua ca tai tu'
- 10
man hdng nh1;ltd6n hdng s~m va ho1;litit K6t qua kbao sat nay phil
h
- 11
Ty I~ nhi~m MBV !ren tdm sli nudi d IDQng Ilia kM cao
(75,57 :i:19,47%),c1f(1ng
dQnhi~m nh~ chi~m da s6 (32,70%) va c1f(1ng
dQ nhi~m n~ng chi~m ty I~ thtp nhtt (15,90%)
~
35
ImMBvl
,-..
-
30
t;I? 25
~ 20 .
15
,;:., 10
5
0
~ 1) ~'c.-. '\c.-. Cdling dO nbi~m
~ ~-2
~ ~~ !f~
"'.sl. '"
~
.
Biiu dd 4.2.1.1. Ty I~ nhi~m MBV tr~n t6m nu6i
-
M6 hlnh "Tom Lila"
- M6hlnh ban thctmcanh
4.2.1.2. TV" nhlim MBVtr6n t6m sti
(BTC)
IDGiU'a chu ky
IBThu hooch
~ DDjch ~nh
:2'
.;:.,
....
~i]I 111 CU'i'lng dQ nhi€m
~~ 4'Jij,~
~~i
~ '% \\'6, f!Q) ~ II;;
~i/!}r;
'1/6
-
Bi6u d6 4.2.1.2. TY 11%
nhi~m MBV tren tom nnoi
Mo h1nhBTC ~i Tr8 Vinh
Tr~n md hlnh BTC t~i Tra Vinh ty I~ nhi~m MBV tren tdm la
30,66 :i:6,26%, C1f(1ng nhi~m n~ng chi hi~n di~n trong d
- 12
HJnb4.6. va4.7. It baG IllY cua16msli bi nhi8m
gan mlm bfnh MBV (X100)
-
4.2.1.3.TyI. nhlim MBVtren cae loaf t6m nu61- M6 hlnh
"T6m - Rting" va "Rting T6m"
-
Bang 4.2.1.3.3Y l~ nhi€m MBV (*)tren cac loai t6m nu6i
T
T I nhi~m MBV (%
LoAiWm M6 hlnh "Tom- M6 hloh "Ritng-
Ritn " Tom"
(1) 34,37 ::I:8,35 & (2)13,75::I:
6,25 &
T6m gi6ng & T6m the
n = 24 45,83::1:
8,98 41,67::1:
6,30
!
r=O,OO' > 005 r= 0,25; > 0,05
I34,37::1:8,35 &
T6m gi6ng & T6m b!!c 13,75::1: ,25&
6
n = 24 54,17:t: 7,91 45,16 ::1:7,35
I
r = 0,18' > 0,05 r = 0,34; > 0,05
I34,37::1:8,35 &
Tom gi6ng & T6m da't 13,75 ::I: ,25 &
6
n = 24 37,50:t: 8,64 38,91 ::I: ,09
6
I
r =0,00; > o 05 r = 0,37;. > 0,05
45,83:t: 8,98 & 41,67::1: ,30 &
6
T6m the & Tom b!!c
n=24 54,17:t:7,91 45,16::1:7,35
1
r = o40; < 0,05 r = 0,34; > 0,05
T6m the & T6m dar-. 45,83:t: 8,98 & 41,67::1: ,30 &
6
.
=
n 24 37,50:t: 8,64 38,91::1: ,09
6
I
r= 0,44;
- 13
Bang 4.2.1.3(a) cho IDly:
-
- Tomgiong: ty I~ nhi~m MBV tr~n tdm gi6ng a rod hinh "Tom
Rilng" cao hdn "Rang -Tom". Di~u nay c6 th~ do kich thtidc tdm
gi6ng a rod hinh "Tom - Rang" (l,67:t:O,39cm/con) hdn kich thtidc
nho
tdm gi6ng a md hinh "Rilng-Tom "(2,1O::I:0,37cm/con). hie gia
Nhi~u
da chrtngminh ty l~ nhi~mMBVtr~n tdm ty I~ nghjchvdi Dch thtidc
(ttidngrtngvdi s6 ngay tu6i) cua t6m, ty I~ nhi~mcao nh(t Ia giai do~n
postlarvae(kichthtidc< 2cm/con)[96, 112, 122].
- Tom trztJng thanh (the, b~c, dlt): ty I~ nhi~m MBV gifi'acac Ioai
tdm trtiang thanh vdi nhau clingghi nMn tr~n mo hinh "Tom - Rang"
va tr~n mo hinh "Rang- Tom" chi c6 tdm b~c vdi t6m d(t va the vdi
d(t c6 sl/ ttidng quaD y nghla (p< 0,05)
Ktt qua khao sat nay da chrtngminh, m
- 14
.
4.2.1.4. Thao aU,"
Trong di~u ki~n nIDitnti~unay dii giiH
- Lua"
thich du'
- 15
Ty l~ nhi8m va cu'Clng nhi8m MBV ~p trung cao nh(t vao nhii'ng
dl)
thang trong mila mu'a - cu6i mila mu'a d:iu mila khd. Ke't qua ghi nh;}.n
du'c;Jc
cfing trilng hc;Jpvdi ke't qua nghi~n cU'ucua Natividad, J.M. va
Lightner, D.V. (1992).
4.2.2. Ty I, nhiim WSSV tf'n cae loal tom nu61 is BBSCL
-M6 hinh - Lus"
4.2.2.1. Ty I, nhtim WSSV tr'n tom nuol "T6m
va ban thAm canh (BTC)
2S
20
tIS
S
P 10
5
B(1Ilhumiu
~"
,,, 9. Q
'\; ~,
t), t), t),
Bi/n d6 4.2.2.1. TY it nhiim wssv tr~n tllm nulli
Mil hlob "TOm. Lthl" lJ GIn Dti"c .Long An.
- Tren roOhinh "Tom - LUa" ~i C~n Du'dc- Long An, ty l~ nhi8m
WSSV tr~n tdm tang d:in trong qua trinh nodi va cao nhR"t ao dc;Jt iii'a
v g
chu ky nodi, diy cling la dc;Jtxiiy ra djch ~nh. Ke't qua nhu'sau: d:iu
chu ky la 17,85%; giii'a chu kY la 22,00% va cu6i chu ky la 10,76%;
trung binh la 16,87:J:3,28% (Bi~u dd 4.2.2.1).
3S
30
2S
! 20
~ IS
10
Dqt tho m
~ q. h ~;
~ ~
- 16
Khao sat m~m b~nh WSSV hi~n di~n tren m.Ohlnh nuoi BTC chung toi
ghi liMn: trong ca 4 d~t thu m~u thl cu'CJngdQnhi~m WSSV chi C1
mti'c
nh~; ty 1~nhi~m C1 tn-figd~t nhu'sau: 2.40% C1 thu m~u d~u chu ky
d~t
nuoi; 14,90% C1 thu m~u giU'achu ky; 12,50% (j d~t thu ~u
d~t tom
thu ho~ch va 33,30% C1 thu ~u djch ~nh.
d~t
D~t thu ~u giU'a chu ky va dc;ftthu ~u cu6i chu ky, ty 1~ nhi~m
9 nghla (p>
WSSV tr~n tom khong c6 sf/.sai khac 0,05). D~t thu ~u
djch b~nh ty 1~nhi~m WSSV ~n tOmcao nh(t (Biiu dd 4.2.2.2.). Ty
1~nhi~m trung blnh C1 dc;fthu mlu chi (Jmti'cth(p: 15,77 :f:6,44%.
cae t
,
Himh 4.9. Mang cua t6m sO bl
Hinh 4.8. Mang cua t6m sO bi nhiim WSSV. (X100)
.
nhiem WSSV (X40)
Hinh 4.10. NhAn t~ baa mang
Hinh 4.11. NhAn tf baa mang
t6m cht1a WSSV . (X 20.000)
.
t6m cht1aWSSV (X 60.000)
Thaoluqn
Mo hlnh "Tom - Lua" rung chinh 130 hinh BTC n~n ty 1~ nhi~m
mo
WSSV tr~n tom nuoi (j ca hai mo hinh nuoi nay dc!u tang ~n theo
thCJi ian nuoi, cao nh(t 130 ao giU'achu ky nuoi. Dic!unay c6 thi 19
g v
- 17
giii do mD hinh noDiHiBTC n~n khdng c6 ao trii'Mng (V30thlfi di~m
khio s~t) d~ xtr 19 nu'de trttde khi ea'p V30 ao nudi, khOng kh6ng eh€
du'm1e -Long An), e~e y€u
to': m~t dQ con gi6ng khi ilia, ngu6n g6e con gi6ng, thli'c an sd' d~ng
... hoan loan khdng c6 tu'dng quaD mQt e~eh c6 9
trong qua trlnh nudi,
nghia vdi 81!xu!t hic$n~m bc$OO
WSSV tr~n tom (p > 0,05).
4.2.2.2. Ty Ii nhiim WSSV ("")r6n t6m tlj nhlin CJ hinh "T6m-
t m6
Rang"va "Rang - T6m"
Bang 4.2.2.2 (8) Tu'dng quaD va tY l~ nhi~m wssv !ren ba loai Wm tI!
-
nhien vdi tom gi6ng - MohInh "Rilng T 15m"(1,2) a "Tt5m- Rilng" (1,2)
v
Tv l nhim WSSV (%)
-
LoBi tl)m Ml) hinh "Rilng-
Ml) hlnh "Tom Rilng"
Tom"
19,44 j;;6,92 & 28,12 j;;6,87 &
Tom gi60g & Tom
the 39,58 j;;7,18 32,94 j;;5,92
0=24 r = 0,25
r = 0,21
19,44 6,92 &
Tom gi60g & Tom 28,12 :t 6,87 &
j;;
bc 43,75 :t 7,56 40,33 j;;7,96
0=24 r = 0 12
r=O.lO
19,44 j;;6,92 & 28,12 j;;6,87 &
Tom gi60g & Tom
d(t 50,00 :t 6,02 31,67 j;;6,24
0=24 r = 0.07 r=OJ4
Tom the & Tom bc 39,58:t 7,18 & 32,94 j;;5,92 &
0=24 43,75 j; 7,56 40,33 j;;7,96
=0,24 = 0,43*
r r
Tom the & Tom d(t 39,58 j;;7,18 & 32,94:t 5,92 &
0=24 50,00 :t 6,02 31,67 :1:6,24
r = 0,37 r = 0.56*
Tom bc & Tom d(t 43,75 j;;7,56 & 40,33 j;;7,96 &
0=24 50,00 :I:6,02 31,67 j;;6,24
r = 0 59* r = 0.50*
Ghi eM: (*):v < 0.05: (1,2): PhlJdnJ! vhdv mt5 hoc va vhlldnJ! vluiv PCR
- 18
- Bang 4.2.2.2 (a) ghi nMn ty l~ nhi~m WSSV tr~n cae loai tom tlf
nhi~n (the, b~c, d!t) giiJ'a cae loai tom vdi nhau tr~n ea hai mo hinh
y nghla
"Tom -Ritng" va "Rung -Tom" Hi tttdng quaD (p < 0,05).
-
Bang 4.2.2.2 (b) T~n sO'xua't hi~n cua m~m b~nh WSSV tIen t6m nuoi
M6 bloh "Tom - Rang" va "Rang - Tom"
4 5
6'" 2 3
7 8 9 10 11 12 198
TMng
0
33,3 0 0
25
8,3 16,6 50
0
0 50 50
0
0 0 25
50
0 100 0
25
0 25 25
0
50 100 50
0
0 0 0
- Rang" (2): Mo JUnk"Rang -
Gki eM: (1) : Mo kink "Tom Tom"
- Bang 4.2.2.2(b)eho th!y: m~m ~nh WSSV hi~n di~n tr~n tom gi6ng
va cae loai tom the, b~e, d!t c6 ty 11$nhi~m va eu'
nguon tai.lieu . vn
