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- BAI HQC Quac GlA THANH PHa HO CHI MINH
TRu'ONGD~I HQC KHOA HQC nJ NHIEN
NGUYEN VAN D1NH
NGHIEN COO HA.THAP DO BIEN DONG vA
GIOI HA.NPHATHIEN VANG vA PLATIN TRONG
MOT SO MAU DIA CHAT BANG PHUONGPHAP
. PHAN TICR QUANGPHO NGUYEN TV
CHUYEN NGA~H: QUANG HQC
MA SO: 1.02.18
TOM TAT LU!N AN TIEN sI V!T LV
TP. HOCHiMINH- 2004
- Lu~n an nay duQc hoan thanh t;;tiBQ moo V~t 1y Dng dl)ng, Khoa
V~t 1y,Truong D;;tihQcKhoa hQcTt! nhien, D;;tihQcQu6c gia Thanh
ph6 H5 Chi Minh va Trung tam Phan tich Thi nghi~m Lien doan
Ban d5 Dia cha't Mi'en Nam, Cl)CDia cha't va Khoang san Vi~t Nam,
Be:> ai nguyen va Moi truong.
T
1) PGS.TS Duong Ai Phuong
Nguoi huang d~n khoa hQc:
2) GS.TS Nguy~n Van De'n
Phan bi~n 1: GS.TSKH. Vii Xuan Quang
Phan bi~n 2: PGS.TS. Cli Thanh Long
PGS.TS. Tdin Minh Thai
Phan bi~n 3:
Lu~n an se duQc bao v~ truac He:>i 5ng cha'm 1u~n an Nha nuac hQp
d
t;;tiTruong D;;tihQc Khoa hQc Tt! nhien, D;;ti hQc Qu6c gia Thanh ph6
H5 Chi Minh vao h5i 9 gio 00, ngay 16 thang 10 Dam 2004
Co th~ tlm hi~u Lu~n an t;;tiThu vi~n Khoa hQc T6ng hQp Thanh
ph6 H5 Chi Minh va Thu vi~n Truong D;;tihQc Khoa hQc Tt! nhien,
D;;tihQcQu6c gia Thanh ph6 H5 Chi Minh.
- Lufjn an tom tlit
?'A ~ A' 'A, A? A'
MO DAU: D~T VAN DE VA MVC TIEU CUA LU~N AN
D~t va'n de
Yang la mQt nguyen t6 qui hie'm co gia tri caD l~i ra't phan
tan trong t1!nhien va ham ht
- Lu(in an tom tilt
NQi dung eua lu~n an bao g'Omvi~e nghien CUllanh huang
eua dQh~t vang len cae phuong sai trong phan tich, ly giai dU
- Lu~n an tom tilt
quang; phuong phap ha'p th1,1nguyen tli'; phuong nung luy~n-ha'p
th1,1nguyen tli'; phuong phap quang ph5 phat X
- E
Luqn an tom tilt
1.3.2. Phep philo tich phudng sai
S1!thong 5n dinh cua phep pMn rich v~mg la do ye'u to'
ng~u nhien va ye'u to' h~ th6ng. Phu'dng sai t5ng sol bAng t5ng cua
phu'dng sai Iffy m~u s/ va phu'dng sai qui trlnh philo rich saz, tuiln
rhea lu~t cQng tinh cua phu'dng sai sol = SaZ S/. C'an phiii daub gia
+
du'Qcca 3 phu'dng sai So s/ , Sa Vi~c daub gia c'an d1!avao chulln
z, z.
th6ng ke Fisher. Phep ANOVA la cong C\1th6ng ke d~ th1!chi~n
nhi~m V\1 nay [19]
Ynghia cua cae phudng sai
1.3.2.1.
Ye'u to' ng~u nhien: la phu'dng sai qui trlnh philo rich hay
phu'dng sai nQibQcac m~u PTN, ky hi~u la Sazhay s/.
Ye'u to' h~ th6ng: trong bai roan philo rich Yang, ye'u to' h~
th6ng la tinh thong d'Ongnhfft cua m~u lam phat sinh tMnh ph'an
phu'dng sai Iffym~u, ky hi~u la s/. Phu'dng sai Iffym~u phat sinh tit
bfft ell ye'u to' M th6ng nao luon luon bi pha trQn voi phu'dng sai
m~u phat sinh tit ye'u to' ng~u omen. Phu'dng sai m~u pha trQn nay
co ten gQirieng la phu'dng sai giii'acac m~u PTN, ky hi~u la s?
1.3.2.2. Mo hlob tht!c nghi~m
1.3.2.3. Cong thuc tinh
Tinh cac phu'dng sai SIZ szz
,
Phu'dng sai Iffym~u du'QcHnh d1!arhea thu~t roan Anova:
Z
= SzZ + nssZ
Sl
Tit do tinh du'Qc phu'dng sai t5ng
Z Z Z
So = Sa + Ss
E>~t:
k n kn
k n
s~ =(1/n)LcLxjl s~ =(1/ k1)Q2}jj)
s~ = ITx7i
j=li=4
j=1 i=1
j=1i=1
=(SSI- ssz)/k(n-l)
s/
Tinh du'Qc cac phu'dng sai:
SIZ =(ssz- ss3)/(k-l)
sol = (SSI-SS3)/(kn-l)
Dung chulln F d~ tinh gia tri FTN = SIZ/SZZa so sanh voi gia
v
tri FLTtea trong bang th6ng ke d~ daub gia s1!sai bi~t giii'a Sl va Sz.
4
- Lurl-n an tom tilt
1.4. GIOI H~N PHAT HItN vA Y NGHIA THVC TIEN
1.4.1. Gi8i h~n phat hi~n do thie't bi do
Gioi h~n phat hi~n duQc phan bi~t theo 2 lo~i LoD (XPH)va
LoQ (XBd. D6i voi XPHva XBL,v'e nguyen tik ta co the ap dl:lllg
btt ding thlic Tchbytchev de dv doan xac Stitt tin c~y ling voi
khoang tin c~y cho truoc. Theo tieu chuftn cua kh6i EC :
XPH=XNEN 3crNEN voi xac Stitt P > (1-1/32) = 0.888::::; 90%
+ ling
XBL= XNEN 10crNEN voi xac Stitt P > (1-1/102) = 99%.
+ ling
1.4.2. GiOih~n phat hi~n eua phu'dng phIlp phan tieh
Day la giOih~n phat hi~n nguyen t6thvc te'trong di'eu ki~n
phudng phap dang stt dl,lllg. GiOi h~n phat hi~n nay thay d5i tuy
trQng luQng din ban d'au va the tich dinh mlie. Ph\l I\lC 1 th6ng ke
tom t~t cac phudng phap phan tich yang va giOi h~n phat hi~n cua
cac phudng phap phan tich.
1.4.3. Ynghia thtfe ti~n eua giOih~n phat hi~n eua phu'dng phIlp
phan tich
Khong the nghien CUumQt nguyen to' nao do khi ma ham
luQng cua no luon thtp hdn giOi h~n phat hi~n cua phudng phap
dang stt dl;lllg.GiOi h~n phat hi~n chi r6 phudng phap din phai stt
d\lng de d~t duQCbai toan cua thvc ti~n nghien cUuva san xutt.
1.4.4. Cae giOih~n phat hi~n vimg du'Qesa d\lng
Trong thiim do tlm kie'm khoang san, cac gia tri tit O.lppm
duQc ghi nMn. Trong nghien cUu dia hoa Yang, ham luQng yang
duQc quail tam tit co ppb trd xu6ng. Trong cac d'e an v'e yang Lam
D'Ongdo cong ty Kim Resources, d'e an Honmo do cong ty Pacific
Basin Group d'eu cua Dc thvc hi~n, cho thty hQ quail tam de'n t~n
ham luQng ppt. Cong ty Cherne x cua Canada cling quail tam t~n
ham luQngco 100ppt.
1.5. NGUYEN TO PLATIN
1.5.1. Nguyen to' platin
1.5.2. Cae phu'dng phIlp xae dinh cae nguyen to' platin
5
- Lu4n an tom tilt
CHUONG 2: NGUYEN LY CUA PHUONG PHAP
Mftu du'
- Lu(in an tom tilt
hi~u chinh. Nghien CUllcd che' cua stf nguyen ti'tbOa b~ng cach tlm
h
- Lugn an tom tift
bOa Au nhu'ng chu'a du d~ nguyen tii' hoa Pt va giai do~n nguyen tii'
bOa Pt d nhi~t dQcao nha't.
2.5. PHAN TICH BANG PHO PHA.T X~ NGUYEN ru
Miiu du'
- Luan an tom tilt
3.2.1.2. S6h~t vang co (j mQt ham luqng nha't djnh.
3.2.1.3. S6h~t vang lJcac ham luqng khac nhau-GiOih~n phat hi~n
Tnn du'
- Lu{in an tom tilt
"t ve'u t'"
B? 3.8: Phan tich Dhlld
MnI RmAu (wn)
(s.J KfiI$1
PIN futl 81 Ss
M
1.34 1 132 12:> LX> trng000 gem
I. Hntt1g sai
122 122 1.17 122 121
12 1OOnh
pint IiiIt sinh
Qffi8 QCFQ QaD Qem ngau nhien trcng
124 1.15 121
1.28 1.18 titsai &)
13
qui trlnh rrnn 1Xh
122 124 12:> 125 1.19
4
4.% 4
494 492 4
2t Hntt1g trng 000 gUn
sai
4. 4.cJ7 5.10 5.00 4.95 1OOnh
pint IiiIt sinh
Qms Qon QaD oms
4. ngau nhien trcng
5,(» 491 4. 4.00 titsai &)
trlnh rrnn 1Xh
qui
5.05 535 4.94 5.():I. 4.
2t
12:> 1 124 1.18 122
31 Hntt1g trng 000jm 2
sai
1.(}i 1.00 1.():I. 1.():I. 1.00 1OOnh
Iiim. Ip Jay niw (00
om!
Qffi2 (W) Q(J)2 cim.Ii: ) h dID J Q% Q84 Q92 Q92
Q
3.J
Ip 00 qui trlnh rrnn 1Xh
1.42 1.40 1.38 1.38 1.36
34
Q82 Qffi Q G74
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4t trng000jm 2
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o
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Q88 G76 092 1OOnh
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orn 0134
QCID 0275 xfun 1fu11li> dID
)h va
135 12:> 124 12:> 1.16
4.J
Ip 00 qui trlnh rrnn 1Xh
Q56 Q58 Qff) Q58
0.54
Chi ehu: Cae mdu I va 2 La MC-I va MC-ll eo kholLtJ(1ng phdn tieh La JOg. Cae mdu 3 La
MC-I eo kholLtJ(1ng phGn tieh La Ig, Cae mdu 4 La 983-2 eo kholLtJ(1ng phdn tieh La 109
3.2.1.5. Phan tich ray
Phu'dng phap philn neh ray du'
- Lu9n an tom tilt
3.2.2. Di'eu nhi~t aau d6t
D~ tang tinh 6n dinh cua ke't qua phan rich, ngoai cac va'n
d~ lien quail de'n m§:u,con phai tinh de'n st! 6n dinh trong phep do
tren may. St! ma't 6n dinh cua ph6 ha'p th\l rhea thai gian trong
phuong phap ngn la dang k~ do nhi~t de>cua d'au d6t tang leD.
lii'a
(hlnh 3.6). Ph'an hi~u ung. giam khong tuye'n tlnh cua de>ha'p th\l
rhea nhi~t de>cua d'au d6t co th~ du
- Luiin an tom tift
qua thtfc nghi~m tinh cac phu'dng sai la'y m§:uva phu'dng sai do qui
trlnh rhea ehuftn Fisher. Vi~e khiie ph\le nhung h
- Lu(m an tom tiit
T
- Luan an tom tilt
hdi phan do~n, nhi~t dQ h1cdo khong du d€ Pt gay anh hu'dng. M~t
b~c dong vai fro la n~n t~o ra mQt phong lien t\,lC chang len v~ch
ph6 phiin tich, vi the' co th€ lo~i trit anh hu'dng nay b~ng cach sii'
d\,lngche' dQ hi~u chinh n~n [87]. Cac nguyen t6 Fe va Mn co th€
gay nhi~m nhi~u cho phep do bdi 2 nguyen t6 nay la ph6 bie'n
trong m5.uqu~ng va loon la t~p cha't trong qtc than va tren nguyen
tilc co v~ch ph6 trung l~p. Khao sat cac nhi~m nhi~u nay du'Qcthlfc
hi~n trong ph'an san
3.8.3. Khao sat giai do~n lam kho
3.8.4. Khao sat giai do~n tro hoa
3.8.4.1. Khao sat nhi~t de}tro hoa
Khao sat nhi~t dQ fro hoa
Abs 0.4
d€ dam bao khong ma't Au
0.35
0.3
va Pt trong giai do~n nay
0.25
0.2
b~ng each do dQ ha'p th\,l
i 0.15
cua vang va Pt. Ke't qua
0.05
cho d hinh 3.12.
MC
0
600 700 8UO 900 1000 1100 1200 1300
l ~"h(p,""".A"
~O.1 ',b(pol"",IoP,
mnh 3.12: Thay d6i cua de}ha'p th1}. u, Pt theo nhi~t de}tro hoa
A
3.8.4.2. Khao sat thai gian tro hoa
Khao sat xung quanh nhi~t dQ
Abo 0.4
fro hoa du'QcchQn 965°C voi
0.35
0.3
cac thai gian fro bOa khac nhau
0.25
0.2
~I 0.0 """""'. b~ng each do dQ ha'p th\,l n~n
..
015
'
trong glal d oan nguyen tit hoa
A?
0~5
'"
.0 ? ,' ?
coca Au va p t. Ket qua thlfc
h
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1(0)
nghi~m cho trong da thi 3.13.
l-+-dOha'Plh~n:ndb~do6n~cuaAu I
--II-do ha'p Ih~ Den d b~dc s6n~ cua PI
mnh 3.13: Ha'p th1}. 'en theo thOi gian
n
Ke't lu~n: Nhi~t dQfro hoa du'QcchQn la 965°C va thai gian
fro hoa la 90s. KhOng th~ giam dQha'p th\,l cua n~n hdn du'Qcnua
14
- Lu{in an tom tilt
dit c6 ke6 d~lithai gian tro h6a lau hdn 90s do bCfitrong 6ng graphit
va:n c6 ffi('>t fi~t d('>hdi khong thoclt ra duQc.
f
3.8.5. Khao sat giai do~n nguyen t1i hoa
Dngla 0.6s (trong d6 thai gian d
Ch1idn~
trlnh 10
graphit
cho phan
5 tich Au
---
. .
. .
, llii[
T
Giai Kli1i Bang 3.22:
0Can , Heat EX>
I
1 RAMP Ch1idn~
trmh 10
~-_J
graphit
3 !
cho phan
4 EX> 2 tich Pt
5
15
- Luqn an tom tat
3.8.6. Khao sat cae ye'u to' gdy nhi~m nhi~u
- B~c la thanh ph'an da h1
- Lu(m an tom tilt
khac co trong long c1/c than. S1/ ma't cae nguyen tit Pt trong giai
do
- Lu!jn an tom tilt
A' ~ A? ,
3.11. PHAN TICH Au va Pt BANG QUANG PRO PHA T X~
L~p chu'dng trlnh tinh loan theo phu'dng phap 3 etalon. DC>
tm cho trong ph\ll\lc 4.
3.13. KET QUA PHAN TICH
3.13.1. Cae ke't qua phan tieh sd bi}
Cac ke't qua phan tich sd be>tr1,I'c tie'p b~ng quang ph6 phat
X(;l ac h(;lt kim, n\l chI, hoa cha't, cha't li~u capen, mh n'en... dung
c
lam cd siJ d~ khiio sat cac nhi~m nhi~u du'
nguon tai.lieu . vn