Lecture Educational administration: Theory, research, and practice (9/e): Chapter 3 - Wayne K. Hoy, Cecil G. Miskel

Chapter 3 Structure in Schools . McGraw­Hill/Irwin W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 © 2013 McGraw­Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. Model of Bureaucracy Max Weber (1947) Division of Labor Division of labor leads to specialization and specialization promotes expertise. Impersonal Orientation Decisions based on facts, not feelings or biases. Hierarchy of Authority ­ Systems of superiors and subordinates Hierarchy promotes disciplined compliance and coordination. Rules and Regulations Formalization ensures stability and uniformity of behavior. Career Orientation Career orientation­promotion according to seniority, achievement, or both Efficiency Bureaucracy maximizes rational decision­making and administrative efficiency W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 3­2 Critique of Weber’s Model Function Expertise Rationality Compliance and Coordination Continuity and Stability Incentive Characteristic Division of Labor Impersonal Orientation Hierarchy of Authority Rules and Regulations Career Orientation W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 Dysfunction Boredom Lack of morale Communication blocks Rigidity and goal displacement Conflict between achievement and seniority 3­3 Functions and Dysfunctions of Rules Functions Explication Screening Legitimate Punishment Leeway W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 Dysfunctions Reinforce Apathy Goal displacement Create legalism Indulgency 3­4 Informal Organization Informal organization is the spontaneous development of a social structure and culture within a formal organization­­it is a “shadow organization.” How does the informal organizations develop? Activities, interactions, and sentiments form the following: •Informal structure •Division into cliques •Informal norms •Personal relations •Informal communication; the grapevine •Informal leadership W. K. Hoy © 2003, 2008, 2011 3­5 ... - tailieumienphi.vn