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Chapter 2
The Historical Evolution of the U.S. Industrial Relations System
McGrawHill/Irwin
An Introduction to Collective Bargaining & Industrial Relations, 4e Copyright © 2008 The McGrawHill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
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The Colonial and PreIndustrial Era
• MasterServant
From colonial times to the Revolutionary War, employment principles were dominated by this British common law
Many early settlers were indentured to a ship owner, who sold the servant to an employer for up to seven years
Many were forsaken husbands and wives, runaway children, kidnapped, or criminals
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The Dominance of Agriculture
• Colonial employers were eager for workers
Shortage of workers on farms and plantations Indentured servants supplemented by slaves
1609: first slaves imported into Virginia 1808: slave trade outlawed
• At the same time, there were a growing number of artisan services and manufacturers such as:
shopkeepers, toolmakers, blacksmiths
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A Shortage of Skilled Labor
• Colonial employers complained of “excessive rates” for skilled labor
• Employers and communities tried to lure workers away from each other
Massachusetts Bay Colony tried to regulate competition for workers by putting a limit on wages
Efforts failed due to a growing demand for labor
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