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BQ GLAD DVC VA DAO T$0
TRUONGDS1 HQC MANG LONG
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
DE TAI: TIM HIEU HE THONG MAY CHU CAN
BANG TAI
Ciao vien hirfrng gin
Sinh vien thyc hien
Ma sinh vien
Chuyen ngInh
Ts.Pham Thanh Giang
DO Van Thinh
A13439
CONG NGHt THONG TIN
HA NQI — 2013
2
MAY CHU CAN BANG TAI
CHUONG 1: GICII THIEU
t
1.1. Su can thiet cita can bang tai
1.1.1. Mei trubng may chit
1.1.2. Mei truong mung
1.2. Can bang tai: dinh nshia vi img dung
13. Cac san pharn can bang tai
CHUONG 2: MAY CHU CAN BANG TM
2.1. Tong quan
2.2. Luan chuyen yang DNS ,
2.3. Cum may chit yeti be can bang tii
2.4. Lueng WA tin ca ban trong can bang tii
2.5. Kiem tra tinh tang sire khoe
2.5.1. Clic quit trinh Idem tra ca ban
2.5.2. Clic cuec kiem tra tren the img dung cu the
2.5.3. Su php thueac via img dung
2.5.4. Kjch Bin
2.5.5. Kat Luon
2.6. Djch dja chi mpg (NAT)
2.6.1. NAT dfch
2.6.2. NAT ngwin
2.6.3. NAT nguqc
2.6.4. NAT nang cao (Enhanced NAT)
2.6.5. Djch dja chi ding (PAT)
2.7. Tritiai tir may chit trvt tiep (Direct Server Return - DSR)
CHUONG 3: THUAT TOAN CAN BANG TM
3.1. Nei dung Ichai quit
3.2. Geri thieu met se thuot man can bang tai
3.2.1. Thuat town Round Robin
3.2.2. Thuat toin Weighted Round Robin
3.2.3. Thuat toan Least Connection
3.2.4. Thuet town Weighted Least Connection
CHUONG 4: THIET ICE MANG yen Bo CAN BANG TM
tuyen
4.1. BO canI bit, tai Whir la met be chuyen mach so yeti met be dinh
4.2. Cac thiet ke don gian
4.3. Thiet ke cho tinh sin sing cao
4.3.1. Active - Standby
4.3.2. Active - Active
4.3.3. Chuyen dei du phi:mg co tang thai
4.3.4. Da dja chi VIP
4.3.5. Quit trinh khei phuc b0 can bang tai
4.3.6. Toy chip thiet ke tinh sin sang cao
4.3.7. Su ciao tiep gill, ate b0 can brill tii
CHUONG 5: CAU HINH CAI EMT VA THU. NGHIEM
5.1. Gi6i thieu
5.2. Tong quan HAProxy
5.3. Cid dirt gilt phip HAProxy cho may chit Web tren CentOS
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5.3.1. Thiet ice h" tilting
5.3.2. Hoat dOng
5.4. CM dat eau hinh
5.4.1. CM dat du hinh HAProxy
5.4.2. Cal dat dich vn WebServer tren Server 1 va Server 2
5.4.3. CM dat vit c.4u hinh KeepAlived tren Haproxy, Server 1, Server 2
5.5. Kiem tra & Danh gia ket quit
TONG !CET
DANH MVC TAI Lieu THAM MAO
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Tir vih tat "lir Day dii
OSI
MAC
ISP
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
DNS
NFS
URL
TCP
UDP
IP
VIP
ARP
RTSP
STP
VRRP
SSL
NAT
PAT
DSR
CPU
VLAN
RS
Open Systems Interconnection
Media Access Control
Internet Service Provider
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Domain Name System
Network File System
Uniform Resource Locator
Transmission Control Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
Internet Protocol
Virtual Internet Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
Real Time Streaming Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Secure Sockets Layer
Network Address Translation
Port Address Translation
Direct Server Return
Central Processing Unit
Virtual Local Area Network
Real Server
Giai ngltia
MO hinh ket not cac he thong ma
Kiem soat truy cop phuang tien
Nha cung cap dich vp Internet
Giao that truyen tai sieu van ban
Giao thin truyen tai teP tin
Giao thin truyen tai thu don gian
He thOng phan giii ten mien
He thOng tep tin mang
Dinh vi thong nhat tai nguyen
Giao thirc dieu khien truyen Van
Giao thin gai tin ngtroi dimg
Dia chi giao thin mang
Dia chi giao thirc mang ao
Giao thirc phan giai dia chi
Giao that trvc tuyen then gian thvc
Giao thin ma rOng cay
Giao thin du phong dinh tuyen ao
Giao thirc lap mot ma
Dich dia chi mpg
Dich dia chi ding
Quay troy bye tiep may chit
Don vi xir 19 trung tarn
Mang cvc bt) ao
May chit thvc
5
Chuang 1: GU% thieu
DO Van Minh - A13439
CHUONG 1: GIOI THItU
Ngay nay can bang tai khong con la met khai niem meri trong khong gian mang va may
chit. Moi loai san phim thuong thgc hien cac cons viec lchac nhau trong qua trinh can
ban! tai. Vi du, cac 110 djnh tuyen do the phan phoi luu lucmg truy cap th8ng qua Mien
tuyen duerng de den cling met dia chi dich vi can bang tai ten cac tai nguyen mang khac
nhau. Trong khi di met may chi can bang tai phan phoi luu 'wing giera cac tai nguyen
may chi chi khong phai la cac tai nguyen mang. Ban dAu be can bang tai bit du veri qua
With can bing tai don gian, chimg nhanh chOng duqc phat trien de thgc hien met bat cac
chic nang: can . bAng tai, Icy thu#t phan ph& luu Itrqngt chuyen mash lugng thong
minh. Be can bang tai cling c6 the thuc hien cac cuOc kiem tra sic khoe met cach tinh vi
ten cac may chii, cac ing dung, va ca nOi dung de cai thien firth sin sang va Ich# Wing
quan IS,. Bei vi b0 can bang tai dugc trien khai nhu met may chit tiep nh#n you cau cult
met nhim cac may chii, chting cling bao ve cac may chi ti ngueri ding dec hai, va tang
cuang kha nang an ninh bao mat. Dtra‘ tren th8ng tin trong cac g6i tin IP hoac nei dung
trong cac you cau ing dung, be can bang tai Qua ra cac quyet dinh thong minh de dinh
huang cac luu Wang thich hqp den ding trung tam de lieu, may chi, tiring lira, b0 nher
cache, hoac img dung.
De tai nay se tap trung nghien ciru tong quan ve may chi can bing tai, cach thic hot
dOng cia be can bang tai trong Wan be he thong mang, tir d6 img dung tren dux to trien
Mud be, can bang tai tren toan b0 he thOng met cach hieu qua va (tat dugc hieu suit tot
nhat. De tai se dtra ra met m8 hinh cu the, ap dung thu#t toan di chqn Itra de dtra ra cach
nhin re hon ve yin de thing to dang Wang teri.
1.1. Sr can fillet cia can bing tai
CO hai xu huortg clan den sy can thiet cia can bang di lit may chi va mang. Veri st ir vtrgt
trei dm Internet va Intranet, ket not mang giita may chi va may tinh ca nhan cia !than
vien, khach hang hoac nha cung img di trer titbit 'diem vu quan trong. se khong the chap
flan dirge khi mang bi sap hay the hien kha nang lam viec yeu kern, khi d6 no hau nhu se
tri tre moi host &Ong kinh doanh trong nen kinh to dua nhieu vkInternet. MOt vi du nhu
xay dtmg met website thuong mai Bien tir, c6 rat nhieu be phan can dugc xem xet nhu la:
b0 djnh tuyen, be chuyen mach, Wang lia , be the dem, may chi web, may chit ca ser cla
lieu. Hon Ilea viec gia tang nhanh cia ck may chi cho hang lost cac img dung di kW&
cho trung tan.' dit lieu day ip cac cum may chi. Su r6i ram va thach thirc trong khit nang
nier rOng, kha nang quart ly va khit tiling sin sang cia cia cac nhim may chi la met nhin
to dimg ding sau den hei can ci met su thay doi thong minh. Met thir ma .n8 phai chic
chin ve kha nang mer reng va firth sin sang cao cho mgi thanh phan, bat dau tir be dirt
tuyen ket not voi Internet, cho to; tat ca cac con dutng teri may chi de lieu ben trong. Tir
di thiet bi can bang tai St hien nhu la met vu khi mang me de xi ly nheng van de tren.
6
nguon tai.lieu . vn
TRUONGDS1 HQC MANG LONG
KHOA LUAN TOT NGHIEP
DE TAI: TIM HIEU HE THONG MAY CHU CAN
BANG TAI
Ciao vien hirfrng gin
Sinh vien thyc hien
Ma sinh vien
Chuyen ngInh
Ts.Pham Thanh Giang
DO Van Thinh
A13439
CONG NGHt THONG TIN
HA NQI — 2013
2
MAY CHU CAN BANG TAI
CHUONG 1: GICII THIEU
t
1.1. Su can thiet cita can bang tai
1.1.1. Mei trubng may chit
1.1.2. Mei truong mung
1.2. Can bang tai: dinh nshia vi img dung
13. Cac san pharn can bang tai
CHUONG 2: MAY CHU CAN BANG TM
2.1. Tong quan
2.2. Luan chuyen yang DNS ,
2.3. Cum may chit yeti be can bang tii
2.4. Lueng WA tin ca ban trong can bang tii
2.5. Kiem tra tinh tang sire khoe
2.5.1. Clic quit trinh Idem tra ca ban
2.5.2. Clic cuec kiem tra tren the img dung cu the
2.5.3. Su php thueac via img dung
2.5.4. Kjch Bin
2.5.5. Kat Luon
2.6. Djch dja chi mpg (NAT)
2.6.1. NAT dfch
2.6.2. NAT ngwin
2.6.3. NAT nguqc
2.6.4. NAT nang cao (Enhanced NAT)
2.6.5. Djch dja chi ding (PAT)
2.7. Tritiai tir may chit trvt tiep (Direct Server Return - DSR)
CHUONG 3: THUAT TOAN CAN BANG TM
3.1. Nei dung Ichai quit
3.2. Geri thieu met se thuot man can bang tai
3.2.1. Thuat town Round Robin
3.2.2. Thuat toin Weighted Round Robin
3.2.3. Thuat toan Least Connection
3.2.4. Thuet town Weighted Least Connection
CHUONG 4: THIET ICE MANG yen Bo CAN BANG TM
tuyen
4.1. BO canI bit, tai Whir la met be chuyen mach so yeti met be dinh
4.2. Cac thiet ke don gian
4.3. Thiet ke cho tinh sin sing cao
4.3.1. Active - Standby
4.3.2. Active - Active
4.3.3. Chuyen dei du phi:mg co tang thai
4.3.4. Da dja chi VIP
4.3.5. Quit trinh khei phuc b0 can bang tai
4.3.6. Toy chip thiet ke tinh sin sang cao
4.3.7. Su ciao tiep gill, ate b0 can brill tii
CHUONG 5: CAU HINH CAI EMT VA THU. NGHIEM
5.1. Gi6i thieu
5.2. Tong quan HAProxy
5.3. Cid dirt gilt phip HAProxy cho may chit Web tren CentOS
6
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7
8
9
11
11
11
15
19
22
22
23
23
24
24
25
25
25
28
28
29
30
32
32
33
33
34
34
35
35
38
39
40
42
45
46
47
47
56
58
58
58
59
3
5.3.1. Thiet ice h" tilting
5.3.2. Hoat dOng
5.4. CM dat eau hinh
5.4.1. CM dat du hinh HAProxy
5.4.2. Cal dat dich vn WebServer tren Server 1 va Server 2
5.4.3. CM dat vit c.4u hinh KeepAlived tren Haproxy, Server 1, Server 2
5.5. Kiem tra & Danh gia ket quit
TONG !CET
DANH MVC TAI Lieu THAM MAO
59
60
60
60
61
62
65
70
71
4
Tir vih tat "lir Day dii
OSI
MAC
ISP
HTTP
FTP
SMTP
DNS
NFS
URL
TCP
UDP
IP
VIP
ARP
RTSP
STP
VRRP
SSL
NAT
PAT
DSR
CPU
VLAN
RS
Open Systems Interconnection
Media Access Control
Internet Service Provider
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
File Transfer Protocol
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
Domain Name System
Network File System
Uniform Resource Locator
Transmission Control Protocol
User Datagram Protocol
Internet Protocol
Virtual Internet Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol
Real Time Streaming Protocol
Spanning Tree Protocol
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol
Secure Sockets Layer
Network Address Translation
Port Address Translation
Direct Server Return
Central Processing Unit
Virtual Local Area Network
Real Server
Giai ngltia
MO hinh ket not cac he thong ma
Kiem soat truy cop phuang tien
Nha cung cap dich vp Internet
Giao that truyen tai sieu van ban
Giao thin truyen tai teP tin
Giao thin truyen tai thu don gian
He thOng phan giii ten mien
He thOng tep tin mang
Dinh vi thong nhat tai nguyen
Giao thirc dieu khien truyen Van
Giao thin gai tin ngtroi dimg
Dia chi giao thin mang
Dia chi giao thirc mang ao
Giao thirc phan giai dia chi
Giao that trvc tuyen then gian thvc
Giao thin ma rOng cay
Giao thin du phong dinh tuyen ao
Giao thirc lap mot ma
Dich dia chi mpg
Dich dia chi ding
Quay troy bye tiep may chit
Don vi xir 19 trung tarn
Mang cvc bt) ao
May chit thvc
5
Chuang 1: GU% thieu
DO Van Minh - A13439
CHUONG 1: GIOI THItU
Ngay nay can bang tai khong con la met khai niem meri trong khong gian mang va may
chit. Moi loai san phim thuong thgc hien cac cons viec lchac nhau trong qua trinh can
ban! tai. Vi du, cac 110 djnh tuyen do the phan phoi luu lucmg truy cap th8ng qua Mien
tuyen duerng de den cling met dia chi dich vi can bang tai ten cac tai nguyen mang khac
nhau. Trong khi di met may chi can bang tai phan phoi luu 'wing giera cac tai nguyen
may chi chi khong phai la cac tai nguyen mang. Ban dAu be can bang tai bit du veri qua
With can bing tai don gian, chimg nhanh chOng duqc phat trien de thgc hien met bat cac
chic nang: can . bAng tai, Icy thu#t phan ph& luu Itrqngt chuyen mash lugng thong
minh. Be can bang tai cling c6 the thuc hien cac cuOc kiem tra sic khoe met cach tinh vi
ten cac may chii, cac ing dung, va ca nOi dung de cai thien firth sin sang va Ich# Wing
quan IS,. Bei vi b0 can bang tai dugc trien khai nhu met may chit tiep nh#n you cau cult
met nhim cac may chii, chting cling bao ve cac may chi ti ngueri ding dec hai, va tang
cuang kha nang an ninh bao mat. Dtra‘ tren th8ng tin trong cac g6i tin IP hoac nei dung
trong cac you cau ing dung, be can bang tai Qua ra cac quyet dinh thong minh de dinh
huang cac luu Wang thich hqp den ding trung tam de lieu, may chi, tiring lira, b0 nher
cache, hoac img dung.
De tai nay se tap trung nghien ciru tong quan ve may chi can bing tai, cach thic hot
dOng cia be can bang tai trong Wan be he thong mang, tir d6 img dung tren dux to trien
Mud be, can bang tai tren toan b0 he thOng met cach hieu qua va (tat dugc hieu suit tot
nhat. De tai se dtra ra met m8 hinh cu the, ap dung thu#t toan di chqn Itra de dtra ra cach
nhin re hon ve yin de thing to dang Wang teri.
1.1. Sr can fillet cia can bing tai
CO hai xu huortg clan den sy can thiet cia can bang di lit may chi va mang. Veri st ir vtrgt
trei dm Internet va Intranet, ket not mang giita may chi va may tinh ca nhan cia !than
vien, khach hang hoac nha cung img di trer titbit 'diem vu quan trong. se khong the chap
flan dirge khi mang bi sap hay the hien kha nang lam viec yeu kern, khi d6 no hau nhu se
tri tre moi host &Ong kinh doanh trong nen kinh to dua nhieu vkInternet. MOt vi du nhu
xay dtmg met website thuong mai Bien tir, c6 rat nhieu be phan can dugc xem xet nhu la:
b0 djnh tuyen, be chuyen mach, Wang lia , be the dem, may chi web, may chit ca ser cla
lieu. Hon Ilea viec gia tang nhanh cia ck may chi cho hang lost cac img dung di kW&
cho trung tan.' dit lieu day ip cac cum may chi. Su r6i ram va thach thirc trong khit nang
nier rOng, kha nang quart ly va khit tiling sin sang cia cia cac nhim may chi la met nhin
to dimg ding sau den hei can ci met su thay doi thong minh. Met thir ma .n8 phai chic
chin ve kha nang mer reng va firth sin sang cao cho mgi thanh phan, bat dau tir be dirt
tuyen ket not voi Internet, cho to; tat ca cac con dutng teri may chi de lieu ben trong. Tir
di thiet bi can bang tai St hien nhu la met vu khi mang me de xi ly nheng van de tren.
6