Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries: Software and Biotechnology

Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries Software and Biotechnology Edited by Robert W. Hahn AEI-BROOKINGS JOINT CENTER FOR REGULATORY STUDIES Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries Intellectual Property Rights in Frontier Industries Software and Biotechnology Edited by Robert W. Hahn AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies WASHINGTON, D.C. Available in the United States from the AEI Press, c/o Client Distribution Services, 193 Edwards Drive, Jackson, TN 38301. To order, call toll free: 1-800-343-4499. Distributed outside the United States by arrangement with Eurospan, 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU, England. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Intellectual property rights in frontier industries: software and biotechnol- ogy / edited by Robert W. Hahn p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8447-7191-0 (alk. pbk.) 1. Software protection—Law and legislation—United States. 2. Biotech-nology industries—Law and legislation—United States. 3. Bioinformatics— Software. 4. Intellectual property—Economic aspects. I. Hahn, Robert W. II. Title. KF3024.C6157 2005 346.7304`8—dc22 2005001413 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 1 2 3 4 5 Exclusive of chapters 4 and 6, © 2005 by the AEI-Brookings Joint Center for Regulatory Studies, the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Washington, D.C., and the Brookings Institution, Washington, D.C. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 © 2005 by Dan L. Burk and Mark A. Lemley. Chapter 6 © 2005 by Arti K. Rai. No part of this publication may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the AEI-Brookings Joint Center except in the case of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the AEI-Brookings Joint Center are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI, Brookings, or the AEI-Brookings Joint Center. American Enterprise Institute 1150 17th Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 Printed in the United States of America 1 Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS viii PREFACE, Robert W. Hahn and Robert E. Litan ix 1 INTRODUCTION, Robert W. Hahn 1 Pivotal Cases for Software IP Protection 1 Turning Points for Biotech IP Policy 4 The Policy Debate 5 Notes 8 2 AN OVERVIEW OF THE ECONOMICS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION, Robert W. Hahn 11 A Review of IPR Theory 13 Some Classical Theory: Information Property Rights Increase Innovation 13 Some Recent Theory: Strong Patents Can Erect Barriers 17 The Empirical IPR Literature 20 Do Strong Patents Spur Innovation? 20 Do Patents Increase Information Disclosure? 24 Do Patents Increase Technology Transfer? 26 Do Patents Increase Commercial Development? 29 Do Patents Increase Economic Development? 31 The Crucial Role of Data and Measurement 35 Conclusions 37 Notes 39 3 SOFTWARE PATENTS: GOOD NEWS OR BAD NEWS? Stuart J. H. Graham and David C. Mowery 45 Patents and Innovation 46 v ... - tailieumienphi.vn