Xem mẫu
- Hiện tượng làm thay đổi vận tốc phản ứng
- ! " #"
" ! "# $"%&'(")*+),",-.", /" 0"1'.)"$&2")*,34)"/ '" )",3 )"$ )*"%+2"$,.5" 3"6 )"$ /"
7, )" )*"8,3"/-"2 $"2 $"% )*"# $"9:"/ ."2 $"/, $")+;" 5' $"7,?$"$ "
), )*" 3 '", $"@ /"$A),"/ 3$"@'%H'#3/"LOUNM"@ "$ ;"$,+),".>3$"@'%H'#)3/"/-"/ '"$ ;">?/" ),Y/"$?/"/,;"
7, )" )*
- " B+"# $"),3 '"$,Q")*,3 2">Y/"$?/" /")*,34)"/ '("%+2"@?)*"$ "9 )"/, $"$?/"[ )*">Y/"$?/"
/ ."),3 '"/, $Y/"
$?/f"6+;"8,;.", /Y/"$?/"%+"*Ag"L3 )"$ )*">Y/"$?/"%+"%+2"$ )*"),.),"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"
[ 3"$?/"[ )*"/ ."2 $"/, $("/, $" -"* 3"%+">Y/"$?/Y/"$?/"$ ;"$,+),", 7"/, $"$#')*"*3.)""
6 3"/, $"7, )" )*Y/"
$?/Y/"$3 )"/,;"1'?"$#A),"% '",-."/.;"@'Y/"$?/"@.'"8,3"$,.2"*3."6+;"1'?"$#A),"8,R)*"9 "$,.5" 3"6 "7, )*"[3 )",-.", /"
), )*"/-"$, "$,.5" 3"$Q),"/, $"6 $"%Z"I/, )*", )"), "$,.5" 3",A),"[ )*j"$ "[ )*", $"@.)*"[ )*"
9 3"), 5$"F)NO"$,A"$;+)"9 "=N"93 )"# $"),.),"$,+),"=NO
- " BQ"[ j"# '"3@;7#;75%"/-"$, "/,'5 )",-."$,+),"./P$;)"6+",5[#;(",; /"$,+),"7#;75%P)"6+"
) /"
$%&$'$%& !!(!!!%# !!!!!!)"*
" $&%+'%
" $&%, !!(!!!%#'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!)#*
" l"E '">Y/"$?/"%+"m)Nj"" 7, )" )*"> 5"#."/, "5 '"$,P;", )*"ISJ"
" l"E '">Y/"$?/"%+"G%ONaj"" 7, )" )*"> 5"#."/, "5 '"$,P;", )*"IOJ"
!,R)*"$, )*"/, $">Y/"$?/"/, "%+2"),3 2"6 "/,;"2 $"7, )" )*k" /"93 $">Y/"$?/"2P)"/, "
%+2">Y/"$?/"/,;"2 $",.5"6+3"*3.3" ; )"$#;)*"2 $"7, )" )*k"), )*"/ )*"/-"), )*"%; 3">Y/"$?/"/-"
,; $"$Q),"/,;"2 $"6+3"),-2"7, )" )*k"/, )*", )"), ">Y/"$?/".>3$"%+2">Y/"$?/"/,;"/?/"7, )" )*"
/#./83)*("3@;2P",-.("$,' "7,&)(" ",5[#.$(".%85%",-.Y/"$?/")+5",.5"/, $">Y/"$?/"8,?/"%4)"/?/"1'?"$#A),",-.", /"/,;"$# /("@ "$#.;"/,;"/;)"
)* 3"/R)*"/ " "%+2"*3+'"$,42"/ "@ "6 $"/, $"/,;"),&)"%; 3")*+5"/+)*"$ $", )
- 67 89":;"6"?@6" 89"?7
:5" A%)2"-2 ,"
CY/"$?/" )*"$, "%+"/, $">Y/"$?/"/h)*"7,."6 3"/?/"/, $"$,.2"*3."7, )" )*""
\, )" )*">Y/"$?/" )*"$, "/, "> 5"#."$#;)*"7,."8,Q"6+"7,."% )*k"8,R)*"/-">Y/"$?/" )*"$, "
$#;)*"7,."# )5",-."UNO"9 )*">Y/"$?/"EN"$ ;"$,+),"UNO" "@ )">' $".>3$"@'%H'#3/"
EN"
/R)*")*,3 7" UNO""o"""NO"" " UNa"""" """"LOUNM"
\, )" )*"> 5"#."1'."/?/"*3.3" ; )"@.'j"
" NO""o"""O"EN"" """"O"ENO""""
" """O"UNO""o"O"ENO"" """"O"UNa""o"""O"EN
O"UNO""o"""NO"" """"O"UNa""""
"
" !#;)*" -j"ENO"%+", 7"/, $"$#')*"*3.)"
OJ" \,."% )*j"7, )" )*">Y/"$?/" )*"$, "$#;)*"7,."% )*"7, )"% )"%+"7, )" )*">Y/"$?/".>3$"p"
9.n Y/"$?/"j"$,R)*"$, )*"%+"/?/"7, )" )*"> 5"#."$#;)*"2R3"
$# )*"Lo"
BQ"[ j
SJ" \, )" )*"/-"@3),"#."/, $">Y/"$?/j"\, )" )*"$, 5"7,&)"P@$P"$#;)*"2R3"$# )*".>3$"
" =La=NN=OLq""o""LON" "L
(
=La=NNL"o"""=OLqNL
`3.3" ; )" '"/ )"$,42".>3$" ">Y/"$?/"), )*"@.'" -"), ".
- OJ" \, )" )*"$ ">Y/"$?/"6 3"/, $"7, )" )*" -)*"6.3"$#^">Y/"$?/j"7, )" )*"P@$P",-."
" Lo
=KLq=NNL"o"""=OLqNL" " =KLq=NN=OLq""o""LON
" =, $">Y/"$?/"/,;"7, )" )*")+5"%+"3;)"Lo"), )*" " &5"2R3"/, $" '"%+".>3$")4)")-" )*"
$, 3" -)*"6.3"$#^"%+"/, $">Y/"$?/Y/"$?/" )*"$, "), "@.'j"
LM" ! )"$ 3"*3.3" ; )"$ ;"$,+),"L=!`"*3 ."/, $">Y/"$?/"6+"/, $"7, )" )*"
BQ"[ j"\, )" )*";>5",-."La\Na"$,+),".Y/"
$?/"LDY/"$?/Y/"$?/"$ ;"),3 '"L=!`"/-" ",; $" )*"8,?/"),.'"6+"@ "7,&)",' "/?/"L=!`"
[3 )"#."8,?/"),.'
- CY/"$?/" L=!`"
" L 7"/, $",; $" )*" L 7"/, $"Q$",; $" )*"
F;NMOp F;NcOp F;NKOp F;NqOp
" """" ",; $" )*"$#')*"9A),"
uNMOp """"""""uNcOp """""""""""""""""uNqOp
RM" \, )" )*">Y/"$?/" )*"$, "8,3"/-"2 $"/ .">Y/"$?/"@ "%+2"*3 2") )*"% )*",; $",-."/ ."
7, )" )*")4)"%+2"$ )*"*3?"$# ", )*"@ "6 )"$ /"8"6+"[ )" )"%+2"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*" "
/h)*" 3 '"83 )"I@;"6 3"8,3"8,R)*"/-"2 $">Y/"$?/J"
\, )" )*j" 0
C"
G""o""d"
" " ="
8S"
G""o""C" vGCw" " d" vGdCw"" """=""o""C"
"
"
"
8O"
x";j") )*"% )*"/ .", )", 7"G"o"d" 01
xSj") )*"% )*"/ ."@ )"7, 2"=" "
" )*"ISJj"7, )" )*"8,R)*">Y/"$?/""
" "IOJj"7, )" )*"/-">Y/"$?/""
"xDj") )*"% )*",; $",-."/,;"7, )" )*"8,R)*" 0' #
0" 0#
"""""""">Y/"$?/""
" 0"
xDDj") )*!% )*",; $",-."/,;"7, )" )*">Y/"$?/""
"" xDD"t"" xS"I) '" xS"y" xOJ" /,3 '"7, )" )*
" " xO"I) '" xO"y" xSJ"
"
3"6 3"7, )" )*"8,R)*">Y/"$?/("7, )*"$#A),"G##,P)3'@"/-"[ )*j"
88>$"t"nSY/"$?/("7, )*"$#A),"G##,P)3'@"/-"[ )*j"
8>$"t"nO$"("8>$"j", )*"@ "$ /" "/ ."7, )" )*"8,R)*">Y/"$?/"6+"/-">Y/"$?/""
" E '"nS" "nO"$."/-j"
" 8>$
88>$ 2!P
xz{!
" 6 3" x"t" xD"p" xDD
"
! ,
- E )*" % )*" ,; $" ,-." / ." 7, )" )*" /-" >Y/" $?/" *3 2" @;" 6 3" 7, )" )*" 8,R)*" >Y/" $?/""
8,; )*"STTTT"/.%z"2;%",; /"/-"$, "% )", ) 5"#." "aTTs"$,A"8,3"$,.5"*Q."$# "9 )*"@ "$." /j"
xz{!
" P "t"PST"TTTz"S(rc|Y/"$?/"> 5"#."),.),", )"7, )" )*"8,R)*">Y/"$?/",+)*"$# 2"$#3 '"% )
- (
.
- sY/"$?/"%; 3")+5 $47)#)($!2$-" $( (3$4" ($ (3$%?!$ ("$@ $!" !$9%'#=$
$ A9: $ 01$ !" #$ !2$ -" $ ( (3$4"5($06$!")$"6B7)%60$/1$-"'$- #$" 4$/ '$9%'#$# )$79$;< '$/1$
( !=$> $')($CDE$!2$-" $( (3$4" ($ (3$%?!$ ("$@ $!" !$89: =$
! 4
- " ),")*, ."$#4)" &5"# $", )"/, (")-"/, "*3 3"$,Q/,"2 $"@ "$# )*", 7".>3$",; /"9.n " 3 )"
7,&)"2 ),3$"6 ."%+"9.n 3$"
E, "6 5"$#;)*"1'?"$#A),"6 )"/,'5 )"7#;$;)"9.;"*3 "/ )*"$ )"$ 3".>3$"6+"9.n ("/,Y)*"%34)"
, "6 3"),.'"$,+),"), )*", "), $" ),"6+"* 3"%+"/ 7".>3$"p"9.n "d#;)@$P["p";3#53$"p"9.n
- """"""L" """""""_"
" L"j"E"j""""""""d"j"_" j"E" """d"j"
""""""L" """""""_"
"
= 7" 3 )"$ "$ "[;")+5"/-"$, "/, 5"1'."/, 5"% 3"*3 ."E"6+"d"6+"* 3"%+"2 3") 3"/,;"), )"
3 )"$ (",.5"2 3") 3"./P7$;"p"[;);3$("ELa"%+"/, $"9.n Y/"$?/"$#;)*">Y/"
$?/"[ "$, 3$"7,&)"%5"/,;"7#;$;)"Lo("/^)">Y/"$?/"%+"9.n "@ "7,&)"
%5"/,;"3;)"NLpQ/,"% 3"* )"),.'"6+"%+2"$ )*"8, ") )*"7, )"
)*
- " " s,3" -"6 )"$ /"/,')*"/ ."1'?"$#A),j"
" " " 6/"t"6Lo"o"6NLp"o"6;
" " " """"t"8Lo"
- F"b"F3""["" "F2"`X27a""["" "Fc"`\ca"
& $"*+"$4", &"- -." "$ /"& &"$ "$)$"$% &"&%/,".2/"0% -" -.5"
" 67!8
LA),"Sj"U "7, "$,' /"%*"8"9 3"7L"
.Å.Ç"j"" >Y/"$?/"%+".>3$" 8 8;
" 9Å9Ç"j"" >Y/"$?/"%+"9.n "
: @;
/Å/Ç"j"" *3.3" ; )"Sj" >Y/"$?/"%+".>3$"
" "" *3.3" ; )"Oj" >Y/"$?/"%+"9.n " > ?;
[Å[Ç"j"" *3.3" ; )"Sj" 8,R)*">Y/"$?/" <
" >;
"" *3.3" ; )"Oj" >Y/"$?/"%+"9.n " @
" PÅPÇ"j"" *3.3" ; )"Sj" >Y/"$?/"%+".>3$"
= =;
"" *3.3" ; )"Oj" 8,R)*">Y/"$?/""
" ,Å,Ç"j"" *3.3" ; )"Sj" >Y/"$?/"%+".>3$"
"" *3.3" ; )"Oj" 8,R)*">Y/"$?/"" Y/"$?/"%+"9.n " :;
8Å8Ç"j"" 8,R)*">Y/"$?/"" ?
" 9%
:d5" -."% $"$ /"0% -" -."'($"&)$"/'2&"G"K/I "
E,3 2"6 "/ ." )*", /j"
`3 "$,3 $"2 $"/ "/, "7, )" )*""
! " -"$A2"#."7, )*"$#A)," )*", /"
E '"7, )*"$#A)," )*", /"7,h", 7"6 3"$, /"$ "$,A"/ "/, " 0"*3 "$,3 $"%+"/ "/, " Y)*"6+"
$ "/ "/, ")+5"$A2"#.">Y/"$?/"2 3
- = "/, "7, )" )*"%+""j"ISJ("IOJ("IaJ"
" " """"""""",; /"%+" j"ISJ("IOJ("IMJ("IqJ"
" `3.3" ; )"IaJ"6+"IMJ("IqJ"%+"), )*"*3.3" ; )",;+)")*'54)">Y/"$?/"$,P;",.3"/ "/, "8,?/"
),.'Y/"$?/"$,A"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"
J7 (3$" 4$LLK$3'9'$ ) ($MQO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MNOP$MRO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6O"t"8O"S D < + >S < +D
.L " " " >S D .L "
>S < +D +
?V,"`XGa;"$ " 3 '"83 )"/&)"9 )*"*3.3" ; )"7#;$;)",-.">Y/"$?/"6 3"[')*"2R3"ILONJ"/ ."
.>3$S < +D .L
! >S D < < >S < D aC !
.9 +D .9
D aC
.L
! /! -O < >S < > O < D aC !
.9
E, )">:$j"6/"$ "% "6 3"% /".>3$(") '"2' )"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"$,A"7, 3"[h)*">Y/"$?/"/-"
% /".>3$"2 ),"
J7 (3$" 4$LLLK$3'9'$ ) ($MRO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MNOP$MQO$("9(""
! ".
- s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6a"t"8a"S D < > O
" . LL " " " SO D . LL "
>S D < > O SS
!,.5"vUSLow" "*3 "$,3 $"DD"6+;j"
>S < +D >O > < +D
>S D .L " " " SO D . LL O
" SO D < < D aC "
.9 SS
. L S < > O D aC
" /! -M < < < D aC " " " /! T
SS
"
.9 SS
E, )">:$j"6/"7, "$,' /"6+;"% /".>3$"/ .">Y/"$?/".>3$"6+") )*" "@ )"7, 2"$ ;"$,+),("$'5"
),34)"@ "/-"2 $"/ ."@ )"7, 2"%+2"*3 2"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*
- " `3 "$,3 $"/ "/, "7, )" )*"/,3."%+2"/?/"*3.3" ; )j"
USL""o""d""" 8"! """""""U p""o""dLo"
""" " ISJ"
" S
" USp""o""UO""" 8#! """""""\ o"""\ p"""
""" " IOJ"
S""" O
" \Op""o"dLo""" 8& """""""\OL"""o""d"""
""" " IaJ"
" " L.5"%+j" \Op"o"LON""" 8. """""""\ L o"""NLp""" "
""" IMJ"
O """
"
NLp"o"dLo""" 8/ """""""d"""o"""LON"""
""" " IqJ"
" = "/, "7, )" )*"%+""j"ISJ("IOJ("IaJ"
" " """"""""",; /"%+" j"ISJ("IOJ("IMJ("IqJ"
" " `3 "$,3 $"/?/"$# )*", 7"@.'j"
J7 (3$" 4$LK$3'9'$ ) ($MNO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MQOP$MRO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6S"t"8S":$j") '"$ )*") )*" ">Y/"$?/"9.n "$,A"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"
J7 (3$" 4$LLK$3'9'$ ) ($MQO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MNOP$MRO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6O"t"8O"S < AD >S D < A
" .L " " " >S .L < "
>S D < A AD
!A2"vdLowj"$ " 3 '"83 )"/&)"9 )*"*3.3" ; )"7#;$;)",-.">Y/"$?/"6 3"[')*"2R3"ILONJ"/ ."
9.n S < >S D < CD "
.8 A .8
CD
.L
" /! -O < < >S D < > O < CD "" " " /! T CD "
.8
! ",
- E, )">:$j"6/"$ "% "6 3"% /"9.n (") '"2' )"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"$,A"7, 3"[h)*">Y/"$?/"/-"
% /"9.n "2 ),"
J7 (3$" 4$LLLK$3'9'$ ) ($MRO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MNOP$MQO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6a"t"8a"S < > O
" . LL " " " SO . LL < "
>S < > O SS
!,.5"vUSpw" "*3 "$,3 $"DD"6+;j"
>S D < A >O >DS < >S D < CD "
.8
. L S D < > O
" SO < < CD "
.8 SS
. L S D < > O
" /! -M < < < CD " " " /! T CD "
.8 SS SS
E, )">:$j"6/"7, "$,' /"6+;"% /"9.n "/ .">Y/"$?/"9.n "6+") )*" "@ )"7, 2"$ ;"$,+),("$'5"
),34)"@ "/-"2 $"@ )"7, 2"%+2"*3 2"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*
- &5"%+"$# )*", 7"8,?"7, "93 )"$#;)*"%; 3"7, )" )*">Y/"$?/".>3$"p"9.n (") '"7, )" )*"/-"
) /" $,A" @ )" 7, 2" @ " 9 " 7,&)" ,' " )*.5' $" >Y/" $?/" d_a" /,;" $ )*" , 7"
7;%52P",.5"@ )">' $"2 $"@ ", 7"/, $"8 ") /"8,?/5%("@ "7,&)"%5"$,P;"/ "/ '"@.'j"
O"Ld""""" " LOdo"""o"""dp"
!#;)*"2R3"$# )*"8 ") /j"" LOdo"* 3"%+"%3;)"
" " " " " dp"* 3"%+"%3.$"
FR3"$# )*"8 ") /"/-"$, "%+"/?/"[')*"2R3"), ".23)("d!C"IdP)nP)"X"!;%'P)"X"C5%P)J("
/%;#;H;#2("# '"I9 /"S("O("aJ(".>3$"./P$3/
- J7 (3$" 4$LK$3'9'$ ) ($MNO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MQOP$MRO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6S"t"8S":$j") '"$ )*") )*" ">Y/"$?/"$,A"$ )*"6 )"$ /"7, )" )*"
J7 (3$" 4$LLK$3'9'$ ) ($MQO$!" ;P$3'9'$ ) ($MNOP$MRO$("9(""
s,3" -j"" 6/"t"6O"t"8O"S D < +
" " " " " .L "
>S < +D
?V,"`XGa;""
l" '"$34)" "$, 3" 3 2" "t"Tj"7, )" )*"/, ."> 5"#." vGpw"t"T"
ÉE* /"% 3"$#;)*"2R3"$# )*") /("/,;"[h"7, )" )*"/, ."> 5"#.(".>3$"%'R)"$?/"[ )*"6 3"
2R3"$# )*"$,P;"7, )" )*j"
" GL""o""LON" " Gp""o""LaNo )4)"vGpw "t"T" "T"Ñ
l" "$, 3" 3 2" "t"S("O("a:$j"6/"7, "$,' /") )*" "/ .">Y/"$?/".>3$"), )*"$,P;"% 5"$, ."T(q")4)") )*" "/ ."
>Y/"$?/"8,R)*" ),", )*"),3 '" )"6/"), "$#;)*"2R3"$# )*") / O
" " . LL " " " SO D . LL < "
>S D < > O SS
!,.5"vUSLow" "*3 "$,3 $"DD"6+;j" >S D + . L < >S < +D "
! "4
nguon tai.lieu . vn
