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Unit 1: The Computer
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate
switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in
one of two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is
capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters.
The basic job of computers is the processing of information. For this reason,
computer can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions
called a program and characters called data, perform mathematical and/or logical operations
on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it,
which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to
solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
Computers are thought to have many remarkable powers. However, most computers,
whether large or small have three basic capabilities. First, computers have circuits for
performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and
exponentiation. Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions
which computer circuits can make are not of the type: "Who would win a war between two
countries?" or "Who is the richest person in the world?" The computer can only decide three
things, named: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number
greater than another?
A computer can do many things that a person can do. A computer can solve a series of
problems and make hundreds, even thousands, of logical decisions without becoming tired or
bored. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to
do the job. A computer can carry out vast numbers of arithmetic logical operations almost
instantaneously. A computer can replace people in a lot of tasks. Certain computers
(commonly minicomputers and microcomputers) are used to control directly things such as
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robots, aircraft navigation systems, medical instruments, etc. However, a computer cannot do
anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the appropriate information. After all,
it is just only a device: if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, it wouldn’t be
of much use.
Vocabulary
Electronic circuit (n)
Switch (v n)
Magnetize (v)
Core (n)
Store (v)
Processing
Device (n)
Instruction (n)
Operation (n)
Memory (n)
Power (n)
Arithmetic (a)
A means of communicating (n)
Decision (n)
Solve (v)
I. Comprehensive reading
1. Comprehension questions
1. What is a computer?
Mạch điện tử
Công tắc
Từ hóa
Cuộn dây
Lưu giữ
Xử lý
Thiết bị
Hướng dẫn
Vận hành, hoạt động
Bộ nhớ
Sức mạnh, nguồn điện
Số học
Phương tiện giao tiếp
Quyết định
Xử lý, giải quyết
2. Where are the program and the data kept in a computer?
3. What types of information that a computer accept?
4. What are three basic capabilities of a computer?
5. How can a computer be used to replace people in some cases?
2. Understanding the passage
Decide whether the following statements are true or false (T/F) by referring to the information
in the text. Then make the necessary changes so that the false statements become true.
1. ……….A computer can store or handle any data even if it hasn`t received information to do
so.
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2. ……….All computers accept and process information in the form of instructions and
characters.
3. ……….The information necessary for solving problems is found in the memory of the
computer.
4. ……….Most computers can not perform arithmetic operations, make decisions, and
communicate in some ways with the users.
5. ……….Computers can make any type of decisions they are asked to do.
6. ………..Computers can not work if we do not give them the appropriate information.
II. Grammatical Point
Relative pronouns – who, whom, which, that, and whose
Relative pronouns serve two functions at once. They are used as the subjects or objects
of the verbs, like other pronouns; at the same time, they join clauses together, like
conjunctions.
The most common relative pronouns are who, whom, which, that and whose. Both who
and whom are used for people. However, whom (which refers to the object of a verb or a
preposition) is rather unusual, especially in conversational English. It is generally either left
out, or replaced by who or that. Which is used for things. That can often (but not always) be
used instead of who, whom, or which. Whose is relative possessive pronoun which is used in
place of a possessive ’s or a possessive adjective.
The subject:
Eg: The man who is standing over there is my teacher.
The book which is about wild life is mine.
I’ll introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project
The object:
Eg: This is the novel that I like best.
The woman whom you saw yesterday is my aunt.
The professor whose course I’m taking is excellent.
Exercise: Combine each pair of sentences into one.
1. She is the most intelligent student. I’ve ever met this student.
2. The examination lasted two days. I was successful in this examination.
3. A man answered the phone. He said Tom was out.
4. Please post these letters. I wrote them this morning.
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5. The man called the police. His car was stolen last night.
6. The man refused to give me his name. He told me this.
7. He made the noise. The noise woke everyone up.
8. Everyone knows him. Everyone likes him.
9. This is Tom. I borrowed his bike.
10. Mary and Rose are twins. You talked to them yesterday evening.
III. Exercise
Translate the following text into Vietnamese
What can computers do?
Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives: we visit shops and
offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read magazines which have
been produced on computer, and we pay bills prepared by computers. Just picking up a
telephone and dialing a number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system, as does
making a flight reservation or bank transaction.
We encounter daily many computers that spring to life the instant they`re switched on
(e.g. calculators, the car`s electronic ignition, the timer in the microwave, or the programmer
inside the TV set), all of which use chip technology.
What makes your computer such a miraculous device? Each time you turn it on, it is a
Tabular Rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing anything you
ask. It is a calculating machine that speeds up financial calculations. It is an electronic filing
cabinet which manages large collections of data such as customers` lists, accounts, or
inventories. It is a magical typewriter that allows you to type and print any kind of document
letters, memos or legal documents. It is a personal communicator that enables you to interact
with other computers and with people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic
entertainment, you can even use your PC to relax with computer games.
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UNIT 2: Characteristic of computer
Computers are machines designed to process, electronically, specially prepared pieces of
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