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- UY BAN NHAN DAN QU~N 5
TRUONG TRUNG CAP NGHE KY THU~T CONG NGH:¢ HUNG VUONG
, '
GIAOTRINH
Bio drrO'Ilg va sfra chfra
,
h~ thOng 18i
'
Nghe: Cong ngh~ o to
TRINH DO• TRUNG CAP
TPHCM-2019
- LOI GIOI THJ:¥U
Cong ngh¢ sua chua o to la m(>t mang kiin thuc cha nhfmg nguai cong nhan
sua chua o to tuang lai. Kiin thuc cua mo ilun se giup cha nguai h9c bubc adu
tidp cqn ilu(Jc vbi il6i tu(Jng ngh§ nghifp, tu il6 c6 th§ xac ilfnh ilu(Jc ml;lc ilich
va tam thi h9c tqp.
H9c xang mo ilun nay h9c vien se c6 kha nang:
1. Trinh bay ilung vai tro va lfch SU phat tridn cua o to.
2. Trinh bay ilung cac laq,i o to va cdu tq,a chung cua o to.
3. Trinh bay ilung khai ni¢m vJ hi¢n tu(Jng, qua trinh va cac giaiilaq,n mai
man chi tiit.
4. Trinh bay ilung khai ni¢m vJ cac phuang phap sua chua va cong ngh¢
phl;lc h6i chi tiit.
5. Nhqn dq,ng ilung cac laq,i o to va cac b(> phqn cua o to.
6. Trinh bay ilu(Jc cong dl;lng, cdu tq,a va each sic dt;mg m(> ts6 dl;lng C¥ cdm
tay ngh§ sua chua o to.
Qu{in 5, ngay thang O nam 20J4-
Bien SO{ln
T{ip thi Khoa Cu Khi Bvng Lvc
- 1
MUCLUC
. .
D@ mgc Trang
1. Gi6i thi~u vS mo dun ................................................................................. 2
2. Bai 1 - H~ th6ng lai o to ..................;..................................................... 04
' . ·2 - Bao
3. Ba1 . du011g
~ va' sua • ch~ua ca cau " la1.
' . ............................................ . 10
4. Bai 3 - Bao u011g va sua chua an 9ng 1ai
' . • d ~ ' ., ,. , d?;:' . d" '. ......................................... 23
5. Bai 4 - Bao duong vasua chua cfiu dfin hu&ng ....................................... 33
6. Bai 5 - Bao duong va sua chua b9 trg lµc lai ........................................ .44
7. Tai li~u tham khao .................................................................................... 60
.
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. VE MO DUN
GIOI THIEU
Vi tri, y nghia, vai tro mo dun:
• Hi th6ng lai o to la qtm chi tidt cita gdm xe, dung ad tiiJu khi§n duy tri ho(t:c thay
t16i huang chuydn tl
- 3
3. Hi¢n tu(fng, nguyen nhan hu hong va phuang phap baa duang, kidm tra, sica
chua cac chi tilt, b(J phq,n cita: CO' cdu lai, ddn a(Jng lai va cdu tru&c ddn hu&ng.
4. Bao duang, thao l6p, kidm tra va sica chua cac b(J phq,n: CO' cdu lai, ddn a(Jng lai
va cdu tru&c ddn hu&ng.
Yen ciu v~ danh gia hoan thanh mo dun
1. Ki6n thfrc: ... :
- Trinh bay dugc d:ly du cac nhi~m V\l, yeu c:lu, cdu t
- 4
, - X. , A A
BAI 1: H¥ THONG LAI OTO
Gioi thieu:
Hf th6ng lai la m(Jt b(J phq,n cua t6ng thanh glim 6 to. Hf th6ng lai aU9'C lfip tren
bu6ng lai va phan truac cua glim xe, bao g6m ca cdu lid, ddn a
- II- Nhi~m V\l, yeu cdu va phan 10,i h~ th6ng lai
1. Nhi~m Vl}.
H~ th6ng lai c6 nhi~m V\l:
- Dung d8 thay d6i ho?c giu nguyen hu6ng chuy8n d9ng cua o to.
2. Yeu cdu
- Dieu khi8n nhy, chibh xac va an toan.
- Dam bao quay vong o to trong thai gian nhanh va 6 m9t di~n tfoh nho.
- Ciu t?o don gian, v~n hanh em va c6 de) ben cao.
3. Phan loai
a) Theo d?~ di8m truyen lgc:
- H~ th6ng lai CO' khi (khong trg lgc).
- H~ th6ng lai c6 trg lgc.
b) Theo kSt ciu cua ca cdu lai g6m c6:
- Lo?i tn;tc vit - banh vit.
- Lo?i banh rang - thanh rang.
- Lo?i tn;tc vit - vanh rang.
- Lo?i tn;tc vit - con Ian.
III. ~ftu t,o va ho,t dc)ng cua h~ th6ng lai
1. Cau t,o (hinh.1-2}
a) Ca ciu lai bao g6~
- Vanh tay lai va tn;tc tay lai lam bfulg thep, c6 phfin then hoa d8 lip v6i nhau va lip
v6i h9p tay lai (c6 lo?i tn;tc tay lai dai c6 them kh6p cac dang). Ben ngoai c6 6ng tn;tc
tay lai lip v6i than xe va lam gia da lip tn;tc tay lai.
- H9p tay lai c6 VO h9p lam bing gang hO?C thep va dugc lip ch?t tren khung xe, ben
trong c6 tn;tc vit an kh6p v6i con Ian ( ho?c banh vit, ho?c vanh rang) va m
- .
6
- f>on quay dung va thanh keo d9c Hlp v6i nhau va l~p v6i don cam lai cua tn.ic banh
xe bing cac kh6p c§.u.
-Thanh keo ngang (thanh lai) lam bing thep, hai d§.u l~p v6i hai kh6p c§.u bing ren
dS diSu chinh d9 ch\lfil banh xe va duqc l~p ch~t v6i hai don cam lai cua hai
banh xe tru6c.
2. Nguyen tiic boat dong . ..
- Khi nguai lai diSu khiSn xoay ho~c giu nguyen vanh tay lai, thong qua tn.ic tay lai
va ca cdu lai dfui d9ng don quay dung, don cam lai va thanh keo ngang chuySn d9ng
lam cho kh6p chuySn hu6ng va hai banh xe dfin hu6ng quay theo hu6ng da dinh ho~c
giu nguyen hu6ng chuySn d9ng cua o to.
- ChuySn d9ng cua vanh tay lai la chuySn d9ng quay, cac chuySn d9ng cua banh xe
cung quay quanh tf\l dung va duqc dfui d9ng thong qua cac don,., cac thanh dfin d9ng.
- Sv quay vong cua cac banh xe trong va ngoai quanh tf\l dung duqc thvc hi~n
khong bing nhau nhim dam bao khong xay ra sv truqt cua cac banh xe. Cac banh xe
quay vong xung quanh tam quay vong O (hinh.1-3). Tam quay vong O luon nb tren
ducmg keo dai cua tam tf\lC c§.u sau.
Goe quay vanh tay lai = 1, 5 - 2, 5 vong vS m9t phia va g6c quay banh xe dfin
hu6ng tuang ung tu 30° dSn 40° nhim dam bao Ive diSu khiSn tay lai nh~ va chinh
x~. ..
- Sv chuySn d9ng va thay d6i hu6ng chuySn d9ng cua xe tren duong la m9t qua trinh
phuc t~p, ph1,1 thu9c r~t nhiSu vao t6c d9, ap su~t hai 16p va v~ dS ch~t tai cua xe.
Vi v~y c§.n phai tuan thu ch~t che cac quy dinh cua cac hang san xu~t o to nhim
giam bat cac tai n~ giao thong dang tiSc xay ra.
Thanh lai Dam cau cti!in h- cfng
Banh xe dli n h• c1ng
Cilu sau chu d9ng
/( \"?:I>
\ 9.
0
. ~. L
Hinh. 1-3. So do do
ca'u ts10 h~ thong lai ( gian Giang to)
0- Tam quay; R- ban kinh quay vong
IV. Nqi dung bao drrtrng hqp tay lai
1. Lam s~ch ben ngoai va xa d§.u boi tran h9p tay lai theo dµih k:y.
2. Thao rai h9p tay lai va lam s~ch. ...
3. Ki Sm tra hu hong cac chi tiSt.
- 7 H¢p tay lai Tr~c tay lai
4. ThaythS chi tiSt theo dinh ky Goang, d~m, cac 6 bi)
5. Lip h9p tay lai.
6. Thay dfiu boi tron.
7. Ki Sm tra va v~ sinh cong nghi~p.
V. Cau hoi va bai p , t,
1. Nhi~m V\l cua h~ thong lai ?
Oai 6c va nap d- oi Tr~c va vanh rang
2. H~ th6ng lai tren o to g6m c6 nhfmg lo~i nao ? Hinh 1-4. C§u t~o h9p tay lai
2. (Bai t~p) Trinh bay du t~o va nguyeri tic ho~t d9ng cua h~ th6ng lai.
. BAO DUONG HE THONG LAI
. TAP
THUC .
I. t6 chfrc chuftn bi. nO'i lam viec
.
1. Muc dich:
- Ren luy~n ky n~g thao lip h9p tay lai.
- Nh~ d~ng cac b9 ph~n chinh cua h()p tay lai.
2. Yeu cAu:
- Thao, lip thanh th~o, dung quy trinh va dung yeu cfiu ky thu~t.
- Nh~ d~ng dugc cac b9 ph~n h9p tay lai.
l - Sir d\mg d\lllg C\l hgp ly, chinh xac.
- Dam bao an toan trong qua trinh thao, lip.
- T6 chtrc nai lam..vi~c khoa h9c, ngan nip, g9n gang.
3. Chuftn bf:
a) D\lllg cv:
- D\lllg C\l thao lip h9p tay lai.
- Khay d\Tllg d\lllg C\l, chi tiSt.
- Gia nang cfiu xe, kich nang va g6 chen ke 16p xe.
- D6ngh6 so.
- Pan me, thu6c-c~p.
b) V~ttu:
- Gie s~ch
- Gifiynham
Nhien li~u rira, dfiu boi tron.
- 6 bi, cac joang d~m.
- Tai li~u phat tay v6 cac quy trinh va tra ctru cac yeu cfiu ky thu~t sira chfra h9p
tay lai. ..
l
II. THaO Li\P h
- 8
A. Quy trinh thao roi. h
- 9
- Thay ddu dung lo?i va tra ma boi tron cac chi ti@t: 6 bi, b?C 16t, vanh rang.
- Thay th@ cac chi ti@t theo dµih ky bao duang.
- Lip dung vi tri cac dfiu va dung quy trinh lip cua h~ th6ng lai.
III. Bao dU'O'llg hen Gngoai he th6ng lai
1. Lam S?Ch ben ngoai va x~ ddu boi tron h9p tay lai.
2. Thao roi h9p tay lai va lam S?Ch.
3. Ki6m tra hu hong cac chi ti@t.
4. Thay th@ chi tiSt theo dinh ky Goang, d~m, cac 6 bi)
5. Lip h9p tay lai.
6. Thay ddu boi tron va di@u chinh CO' c§.u lai.
7. Ki6m tra va v~ iinh cong nghi~p.
Cac chuy
- Ki6m tra va quan sat ky cac chi ti@t bi nut va chan hong ren.
- Su d\lng d\lng C\l dung lo?i va v~ chijt du lgc quy dinh.
- Thay thS cac chi ti@t theo dµih ky va bi hu hong.
cic BA.I TAP
. MO RONG
. VA NANG CAO
I. Ten bai t~p
Trinh bay cfiu t?O va nguyen tic ho?t d9ng cua:
1. H~ th6ng lai lo?i tf\lc vit - banh vit.
2. H~ th6ng lai lo?i banh rang - thanh rang.
l II. Yeu cdu
1. Trinh bay dugc cfiu t?O va nguyen tic ho?t d9ng cua h~ th6ng lai lo?i tf\lC vit -
banh vit.
2. Ve dung sa d6 cfiu t?o va giai thich nguyen tic ho?t d9ng cua h~ th6ng lai va lo?i
banh rang - thanh rang.
III. Thoi gian
- Sau 2 tudn n9p du cac bai t~p .
...
...
...
- . ~
BAI 2: SUA CHUAVA BAO DUONG co cAu LAI
Gi6i thieu:
Hf thing lid va cdu tru6'c dJn hu6'ng la m9t b9 ph(tn cua t6ng thanh gdm o to. Hf
thing lai du(JC ldp tren bu6ng lai va phdn tru6'c cua gdm xe, bao g6m: CO' cdu lai, dJn
d9ng lai va cdu tru&c dJn hu6'ng, dung d€ duy tri va tli§u khi€n hu6'ng chuy€n tl9ng
cua o to. .,
- Ca cdu lai bao g6m cac b9 ph(in: vanh tay lai, tr1J,C tay lai, h9p tay lai va b9 tr(J
luc lai.
. - Ddn d9ng lai g6m c6: don quay dung, thanh keo d9c, thanh keo ngang va don
cam lai.
- Cdu tru6'c ddn hu6'ng g6m c6 cac b9 ph(in: ddm cdu, ch6t chuyin hu6'ng, banh
xe va tr1J,C banh xe ddn hu6ng.
Muc tieu thtrc hien:
·1. Phat bi°du dJng yeu cdu, nhi¢m V1J, va phan loq,i cua CO' cdu lid.
2. Giai thich du(JC cdu tq,o va nguyen tdc hoq,t d9ng cua CO' cdu lai.
3. Trinh bay dung cac hi¢n tung cua o to.
2. Yeu cAu , ..
- DiSu khiSn nhy, chinh xac, 6n dinh 6 m9i dia hinh va t6c d(>.
- C§.u t~o dan gian, v~n hanh nhy nhang, em va co d9 bSn cao.
3. Phan loai
a) Theo die diSm truySn Ive:
- Ca c§.u Iai ca khi.
- Ca c§.u Iai co trg Ive.
b) Theo kSt c§.u g6m c6:
- 11
- Lo~i tf\lC vit - banh vit.
- Lo~i banh rang - thanh rang.
- Lo~i trvc vit - con Ian.
.II. Cftu t,o va ho,t d~ng cua CO' cftu lai
1. Cftu tfO (hinh 2-1 )
a)Vanhtaylai .
Vanh tay lai lam b~ng thep c6 b9c nhva ben ngoai, c6 phfui then hoa dS Hip v6i
tf\lC tay lai va ga lip coi ho~c tui khi an toan.
b) Tf\lC tay lai (vo lang) .
- Tf\lc tay lai lam b~g thep, hai d§.u c6 phfui then hoa dS lip v6i vanh lai va h9p tay
lai (c6 lo~i tf\lc tay lai dai c6 them kh6p cac dang). Ben ngoai c6 6ng tf\lc tay lai lip
v6i than xe va lam gia do lip tf\lc tay lai va cac cong tac den, g~t nu6c m-a.
c) H9p tay lai
- H9p tay lai c6 vo h9p lam b~ng gang ho~c nhom va dugc lip ch~t tren khung xe,
ben trong c6 tf\lc vit lam bfulg d6ng lip tren hai 6 bi con va lip ch~t v6i tf\lc chu d9ng
lam b~ng thep c6 m9t d§.u c6 6ng then hoa dS lip ch~t v6i tf\lc tay lai.
Vanh rang va tf\lG. lam b~ng thep lip tren hai 6 bi trong vo h9p, m9t d§.u tf\lc c6
then hoa dS lip v6i don quay dung. Ben trong h9p tay lai con c6 cac d~m dS diSu
chinh khe ha d§.u tf\lc tay lai.
Tryc tay lai
Khungxe
Don keo d9c
Thanh keo d9c
Thanh keo ngang Tn,ic banh xe
Hinh 2-1 Sa d6 c§u t~o ca cilu lai
2. Nguy~n ti\c boft d{>ng: . .
- Chuyen d9ng cu.a vanh tay lai la chuyen d9ng quay, cac chuyen d9ng cu.a banh xe
quay quanh tf\l dung va dugc dful d
- 12
Khi quay vanh tay lai, thong qua tf\,lC tay lai lam cho tf\,lC vit quay t:;to ra lgc d!y
tren vanh rang lam quay t[\lC don quay dung dS diSu khiSn dfin. d9ng lai chuySn
d9ng chinh xac va nh~ nhang.
G6c quay vanh tay lai bing: 1,5 - 2,5 vong vS m9t phia va g6c quay banh xe dftn
hu6ng tuong ung tu: 30° dSn 40° nhim dam bao lgc diSu khiSn tay lai nh~ va chinh
xac.
III. Hi~n trrQ'Dg va nguyen nhan brr hong·cua cO' ciu Lai ...
A. Hrr hong cO' cftu lai
1. CO' cftu lai ho\lt d{>ng co ti~ng An
a) Hi~n tuqng
Khi Oto ho:;tt d9ng nghe tiSng 6n khac thuong ()' C\,lm C
- 13
Khi o to dang ho~t d(mg, nguai lai xoay vanh tay lai khong c6 tac d1,mg dieu
khiSn, xe v~ hanh khong 6 dinh (mfit lai) rfit nguy hiSm.
b) Nguyen nhan
- But, gay thanh keo d9c ho~c gay, dut kh6p cfi.u.
- But, gay thanh keo ngang ho~c gay, dut kh6p cfi.u.
4. Hqp tay lai va bq trq h1c lai chay ri d§u
a) Hi~n tuqng
- Ben ngoai VO h9p tay lai va b9 trq Ive lai c6 vSt bful, chay ri d§.u boi tron.
b) Nguyen nhan
- Vo h9p tay lai: bi nut, ho va hong cac dfi.u n6i, d~m.
- B9 trq Ive lai: bi nut, ho va hong cac d§u n6i, d~m.
B. ki€m fra CO' cftu lai
1. Ki€m tra khi van hanh
- Khi v~ hanh Oto diSu khiSn tay lai n~g va nghe tiSng hu, 6n khac thuang O C\lill
CO' cfiu lai, nSu c6 tiSng 6n va dieu khiSn tay lai n~ng c§.n phai kiSm tra va sua chua
kip thai.
2. Ki€m tra hen ngoai CO' cftu lai
- KiSm tra sv gay, !Ong cua kh&p c§.u d6n quay dung va d§.u n6i tf\lC tay lai.
- Dung kinh ph6ng d~i dS quan sat cac vSt nut ben ngoai cac chi tiSt CO' cfiu lai.
IV. nqi dung bao d1r011g CO' cftu ,lai
1. Lam s~ch ben ngoai va xa dau boi tron h9p tay lai.
2. Thao rai, lam s~ch va ki@m tra hu hong chi tiSt.
3. Thay thS chi tiSt theo dinh ky Goang, d~m, cac 6 bi).
4. Tra mo va lAp c4c chi tiSt va b9 ph~.
5. Thay dfi.u boi tron. ·
6. KiSm tra va dieu chinh CO' cfiu lai.
.
l
.
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H¢p taylai Banh Vil Tr'l,JC lay lai Tr'l,Jcvlt
a) b)
H,;,ptay!ai
c)
Hinh 2-3 c!u t~o cac lo~i CO' c!u lai
a) Lo~i tf\lc vft - dai 6c; b) Lo~i tf\lC vft - vanh rang; c) Lo~i thanh rang - tf\lc rang;
V. Cau hoi va bai t~p ,
1. Trinh bay cac nguyen nhan hu hong cua ca cau lai lam cho tay lai n~ng ?
2. Nguyen nhan nao lam cho CO' du lai ho~t d
- 15
- D6ngh6 so.
- Pan me, thu&c c~p.
b) V~ttu:
- Gie s~ch.
- Giftynham.
- Nhien li?u lira, dfi.u boi tron.
- 6 bi, cac joang d?m.
- Tai li?u phat tay vs cac quy trinh va tra cuu cac yeu cdu k:y thu~t sua chtra CO'
cftu lai.
II. thao lip cO' ciu lai
A. quy trinh Thao CO' ciu lai tren xe o to
1.Chudn hi d9ng c9 va nO'i lam vifc
- BQ di.mg C\l tay nghS thao lip.
- Kich nang, gia ke chen 16p xe.
2. Lam s~ch hen ngoai c,9m hf th6ng lai ? ,
- Dung barn nu&c ap suat cao va phun nu&c rua s~ch cac c~ ban ben ngoai gam o
to. ..
- Dung barn hai va th6i khi nen lam s~ch c~n bful va n&c barn ben ngoai C\lffi CO' cftu
lai.
3. Thao vanh tay lai
- V ~ch dftu gitra hai phdn then hoa cua tfl,lC tay lai va vanh tay lai.
- Thao cac dai 6c ham.
- Thao vanh tay lai.
- Lam s~ch chi tiSt. ..
- Ki@m tra cac chi tiSt.
4. Thao t:r:9c tay lai va 6ng tr9c !ay lai
- V~ch dau gitra tfl,lc tay lai va dau trl,lc vft cua h9p tay lai (hinh. 2-4a).
- Thao cac ddu n6i, day dful bit v&i tf\lc tay lai.
- Thao dai 6c ham ddu tfl,lC vft.
- Thao cac dai 6c ham 6ng tf\lc tay lai va cac can diSu khi@n coi, den (nSu c6).
- Lfty trl,lc va 6ng trl,lc tay lai ra ngoai. :
- 16
Tr~ctay!ai £>on quay dCrng
,,.
.
li/ JV"'-•, -
if,--#.., l . 'J)j
V(1ohd~u //
...,_,,_.,,...,.-
T~c vanh rang
a) b)
Hc)ptay lai
c) d) •
Hinh 2 -4: Thao CO' cfiu lai tu xe o to
a- V ~ch dfiu va thao tn_lc tay lai;
b- V ~ch dfiu giua don quay dung va ddu tn_lc vanh rang;
c- Thao thanh keo d9c; d- Thao h9p tay lai;
5. Thao hQp tay lai ra khoi 6 to
- Xa ddu h9p tay lai. •
- V ~ch dfiu giua don quay dung va ddu tn_lc vanh rang (hinh. 2-4b).
- Thao dai 6c ham va dung cao thao don quay dung (hinh. 2-4c).
- Thao cac bulong ham h9p tay lai.
- Thao h9p tay lai ra ngoai.
6. Thao bom trg ll}'c lai va bQ trg ll}'c lai (n~u co)
7. Lam sach chi ti~t va ki~m tra
- Lam sich chi tiSt.
- KiSm tra cac chi tiSt.
B. Quy trinh Hip
► Nguqc l~i quy trinh thao (sau khi sira chua va thay thS cac chi tiSt hu hong)
► Cacchuy
- Ke kich va chen 16p xe an toan khi lam vi~c du6i gdm xe.
- Thay ddu dung lo~i va tra ma boi tran cac chi tiSt: 6 bi, then hoa va banh vit.
- Thay thS cac chi tiSt theo dinh ky bao du5ng. "'
- Lilp dung vi tri dfiu cua cac chi tiSt cua CO' cfiu lai.
- DiSu chinh ca cfiu lai.
III. Bao dtrong cO' c!u lai
A. quy trinh bao dtr&ng
nguon tai.lieu . vn
