Finding Work

Compiled by the Employment and Economic Policy Research Programme, Human Sciences Research Council. Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa www.hsrcpress.ac.za © 2005 Human Sciences Research Council First published 2005 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0-7969-2105-9 Cover by FUEL Design Print management by comPress Printed by Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver Marketing and Distribution PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, 7966, South Africa Tel: +27 +21 701-4477 Fax: +27 +21 701-7302 email: orders@blueweaver.co.za Distributed worldwide, except Africa, by Independent Publishers Group 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA www.ipgbook.com To order, call toll-free: 1-800-888-4741 All other inquiries, Tel: +1 +312-337-0747 Fax: +1 +312-337-5985 email: Frontdesk@ipgbook.com Contents List of tables and figures iv Introduction vi 1 Graduate employment 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Employment 1 1.3 Types of jobs graduates find 6 1.4 Sector of employment 10 1.5 Conclusion 13 2 Unemployment 15 2.1 Introduction 15 2.2 Unemployment among graduates 15 2.3 Reasons for being unemployed 17 2.4 Search methods 18 2.5 Conclusion 19 3 Mobility in the labour market 20 3.1 Introduction 20 3.2 Changing jobs 20 3.3 Reasons for changing jobs 21 3.4 Matching jobs with education 23 3.5 Mobility between sectors of employment 25 3.6 Conclusion 28 4 Plans to move abroad 29 4.1 Introduction 29 4.2 Moving abroad 29 4.3 Reasons for moving abroad 30 4.4 Conclusion 32 5 further studies 33 5.1 Introduction 33 5.2 Studying further 33 5.3 Relation between previous and further studies 34 5.4 Benefits of higher education 38 5.5 Conclusion 38 6 conclusion 40 6.1 Labour market 40 6.2 Higher education 41 Appendix A: The survey and profile of respondents 42 Appendix B: Classification of universities 45 Appendix C: Fields of study 46 References 47 List of tables and figures Tables Table 0.1 Tertiary employment growth, by race, 1995 to 1999 vii Table 1.1 Period before finding employment, percentage by field of study 3 Table 1.2 Percentage of graduates employed immediately, by race 4 Table 1.3 Period before finding employment, percentage by gender 4 Table 1.4 Period before finding employment, percentage by field of study and institution attended 5 Table 1.5 Table 1.6 Status of first job, percentage by field of study 6 Status of first job, percentage by field of study 7 Table 1.7 Requirement level of first job, percentage by field of study 7 Table 1.8 Qualification of graduates in jobs that require degree-level capability (percentage) 8 Table 1.9 Level of function, percentage by field of study 9 Table 1.10 Level of function, percentage by race 10 Table 1.11 Number of years worked by those in management, percentage by race 10 Table 1.12 Current job, percentage by sector, race and field of study 12 Table 1.13 Level of function within sector of employment (percentage) 13 Table 2.1 Percentage of those who experienced unemployment, by field of study 15 Table 2.2 Percentage of those who experienced unemployment, by field of study and race 16 Table 2.3 Percentage unemployed, by gender and field of study 16 Table 2.4 Percentage unemployment, by institution attended 17 Table 2.5 Unemployment reasons, percentage by field of study 18 Table 2.6 Methods of search, percentage by race 18 Table 3.1 Number of times graduates changed jobs after graduation, percentage by field of study 20 Table 3.2 Level of current job compared to previous job (percentage) 23 Table 3.3 Relation of current job to field of study (percentage) 24 Table 3.4 Requirement level of current job, percentage by field of study 24 Table 3.5 Requirement level of first job (percentage) 25 Table 3.6 Requirement level of current job (percentage) 25 Table 3.7 First job sector, percentage by race and field of study 27 Table 3.8 Current job sector, percentage by race and field of study 27 Table 4.1 Graduates planning to move or already moved abroad (percentage) 30 Table 4.2 Reasons for moving (percentage) 31 Table 4.3 Period before returning (percentage) 32 Table 5.1 Reasons for studying further, percentage by field of study 33 Table 5.2 Hypothetical re-enrolment, percentage by field of study 35 Table 5.3 Reasons for changing field of study (percentage) 36 Table 5.4 Reasons for changing field of study, percentage by field of study 37 Table 5.5 Benefits of entering higher education (percentage) 38 Table A1 Racial distribution within field of study 42 Table A2 Gender distribution within field of study 43 Table A3 Field of study and institution 43 Table A4 Racial distribution in institutions 44 Table A5 Racial distribution across fields of study at institutions 45 iv Figures Figure 1.1 Period before finding employment 2 Figure 1.2 Level of function, by gender 9 Figure 1.3 Sector of first job, by race 11 Figure 3.1 Percentage of graduates in first job since graduation, by race 21 Figure 3.2 Main influence in decision to change job 22 Figure 3.3 Percentage of graduates who changed jobs to move to a higher-level job, by field of study 22 Figure 3.4 Sector of current job, by race 26 Figure 4.1 Graduates who planned to move abroad 29 Figure 5.1 Benefits of continuing with studies 34 Figure 5.2 Further study field not related to first study field 35 Figure 5.3 Type of employment while continuing with studies 38 v ... - tailieumienphi.vn