English for personal assistants - part 34

Appendix D The use of the articles a/an/the/ zero (no) article 165 Names of Countries Names of Continents Names of Some Geographica l Areas Names of Cities and States Names of Streets Names of Oceans, Rivers, Seas, Deserts, Forests, Canals Use “a” or “an” Non-specific • a country Non-specific • a continent Non-specific • a city • a state Use a/an for non-specific • an ocean • a canal • a sea • a desert Use “the” Use “the” if the name of the country is plural or indicates a group (of states, islands, etc.) • the United States • the Netherlands • the United Kingdom Use “the” • the South Pole • the South • the Middle East • the Hague • the High Street • the Champs Elysées Use “the” • the Indian Ocean • the North Sea • the Suez Canal • the Sahara Don’t Use “a,” “an,” or “the” Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” for other countries, e.g., • Russia • South Africa • Holland • Canada • England Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” before the names of continents • Asia • Europe • Australia Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” • Western Europe Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” • London • Paris • Beijing Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” • Belgrave Street • Fifth Avenue 166 Appendix D The use of the articles a/an/the/ zero (no) article Names of Lakes Use “a” or “an” Non-specific • a lake Don’t Use “a,” “an,” or Use “the” “the” Don’t use “a,” “an,” or “the” • Lake Michigan • Lake Geneva Appendix E Conditional forms in the English language Sample sentences Zero conditional If the studio light is red, they’re recording. First conditional If the job is not completed within three months, a penalty clause will come into effect. Second conditional If we had more time, it would be a lot easier. Third conditional If you had paid earlier, you wouldn’t have paid interest on the debt. Mixed conditional (third + second) If he had let us know about his difficulties earlier, he wouldn’t be in this situation now. Grammatical structure Type of conditional Zero conditional Example First conditional Example Second conditional Example Third conditional Example If clause If + present tense If we have it in writing, If + present tense If we meet this deadline, If + past simple/continuous tense If we had more people working on it, If + past perfect If we’d sent the reminder earlier, Main clause present tense it’s legally binding. future form we’ll get further business from this client. would/could/should/ought to/must + infinitive we could get it finished by the 5th. would/could/should/ought to/must+ have + past participle we could have avoided this problem. 168 Appendix E Conditional forms in the English language Type of conditional Mixed conditional (third + second) Example Polite phrase using a conditional form in the if clause Example If clause If + past perfect If we’d checked the proofs more carefully, If + would + infinitive If you would like to take a seat, Main clause would/could/should/ought to/must + infinitive there wouldn’t be so many mistakes in the article. future form I’ll tell Mr. Blanco you’re here. 1 Communicating with clarity KEY Task 1 1. NS – the sentence makes no sense because you cannot use lubrication oil (engine oil) for cooking purposes 2. S 3. NS – there is no main verb 4. NS – there is no subject 5. S 6. S 7. S 8. NS – there is no subject and no main verb – the expression is just hanging in thin air 9. NS – there is no main verb 10. S Task 2 Suggested answer In the US, teachers need to publish before they are promoted. Task 3 Suggested answer There are three reasons why exercise is good for you. First, it keeps you fit and can help to keep your weight down. Second, it keeps you healthy and can reduce the likelihood of having heart problems. Finally, it can help to keep stress levels down and has been known to relieve depression. In conclusion, everyone should do some form of regular exercise. Task 4 1. Although/While 2. Firstly 3. Consequently 4. also 5. In contrast ... - tailieumienphi.vn