Encyclopedia of science and religion

EDITOR IN CHIEF J. Wentzel Vrede van Huyssteen James I. McCord Professor of Theology and Science, Princeton Theological Seminary EDITORS Nancy R. Howell Associate Professor of Theology and Philosophy of Religion, Saint Paul School of Theology Niels Henrik Gregersen Research Professor in Theology & Science, University of Aarhus Wesley J. Wildman Associate Professor of Theology and Ethics, Boston University Ian Barbour Consulting Editor Carleton College Ryan Valentine Editorial Assistant Princeton Theological Seminary Encyclopedia of Science and Religion J. Wentzel Vrede van Huyssteen © 2003 by Macmillan Reference USA. Macmillan Reference USA is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, Inc. Macmillan Reference USA™ and Thomson Learning™ are trademarks used herein under license. For more information contact Macmillan Reference USA 300 Park Avenue South, 9th Floor New York, NY 10010 Or you can visit our Internet site at http://www.gale.com ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, record-ing, taping, Web distribution, or information storage retrieval systems—without the written permission of the publisher. For permission to use material from this product, submit your request via Web at http://www.gale-edit.com/permissions, or you may download our Permissions Request form and submit your request by fax or mail to: Permissions Department The Gale Group, Inc. 27500 Drake Rd. Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 Permissions Hotline: 248-699-8006 or 800-877-4253 ext. 8006 Fax: 248-699-8074 or 800-762-4058 Cover image reproduced by permission of Corbis (Shooting Stars Over the Meteor Crater). While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this publication, The Gale Group, Inc. does not guarantee the accuracy of the data contained herein. The Gale Group, Inc. accepts no pay-ment for listing; and inclusion in the publica-tion of any organization, agency, institution, publication, service, or individual does not imply endorsement of the editors or publisher. Errors brought to the attention of the publish-er and verified to the satisfaction of the pub-lisher will be corrected in future editions. Macmillan Reference USA 300 Park Avenue South, 9th Floor New York, NY 10010 Macmillan Reference USA 27500 Drake Road Farmington Hills, MI 48331-3535 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Encyclopedia of science and religion / J. Wentzel Vrede van Huyssteen, editor in chief. — 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-02-865704-7 (alk. paper) — ISBN 0-02-865705-5 (v. 1 : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-02-865706-3 (v. 2 : alk. paper) 1. Religion and science—Encyclopedias. I. Van Huyssteen, Wentzel. BL240.3 .E43 2003 291.1’75—dc21 2002152471 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix List of Articles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiii List of Contributors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii Synoptic Outline of Contents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiii ENCYCLOPEDIA OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION Annotated Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 933 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 943 —v— EDITORIAL AND PRODUCTION STAFF Ray Abruzzi and Michael J. McGandy Project Editors Deirdre Graves and Christine Slovey Contributing Editors Judith Culligan Copy Editor Elizabeth Merrick Proofreader Cynthia Crippen AEIOU, Inc. Indexer Jennifer Wahi Art Director Argosy Compositor GGS Information Services Line Art Mary Beth Trimper Composition Management Evi Seoud Assistant Production Manager Rhonda Williams Buyer MACMILLAN REFERENCE USA Frank Menchacca Vice President Hélène Potter Director, New Product Development ... - tailieumienphi.vn