Xem mẫu

  1. 1. D o i m d i g i a o d u e q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c v a o diidng loi, q u a n diem c u a Dang, chinh sach, phap l u a t c u a N h a nifdc, nhiJng q u y d i n h c u a B o Q u o c phong, B o G i a o d u e v a D a o tao ve giao due, giao due quoc phong Chitang 3 D o i m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g t r i i d c h e t p h u t h u o c v a o TINH TAT Y E U KHACH QUAN VA d i i d n g l o i , q u a n d i e m cua D a n g , c h i n h sach, phap luat THl/OiC DO GIA T R I DOI M 6 I c u a N h a n i i d c . L y l u a n v a t h i i c t i e n each m a n g V i e t N a m GIAO DUG QUOC PHONG T R O N G k h a n g d i n h r & n g , s\l l a n h dao c i i a D a n g l a n h a n to' q u y e t TINH HINH Mdl d i n h m o i t h ^ n g I d i c i i a each m a n g V i e t N a m , l a n h a n t o q u y e t d i n h t h i n g I d i c u a s\ n g h i e p quoc p h o n g v a d o i m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g . T r e n cd sd d U d n g l o i eua D a n g , I- N H U N G V A N D E CO T I N H Q U Y L U A T C U A l u a t p h a p ciaa N h a nadc, c o n g tae giao d u e quoc p h o n g DOI MCil GIAO D U C Q U O C P H O N G diidc t r i e n k h a i , x a h o i h o a , t r d t h a n h n h i e m v u cua t o a n D o i m 6 i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g l a x u h a d n g t a t y e u xa h o i , v 6 i n h i e u h i n h thOfc p h o n g p h u , d a d a n g v a l u o n k h a e h q u a n , p h u h d p v 6 i y e u c ^ u c i i a thUe t i e n x a y d U n g d o i m d i . D a n g v a N h a niidc xac d i n h giao d u e quoc p h o n g l a quoc sach, l a n h i e m v u c h i e n lude t r o n g y e u , l a cong n e n quoc p h o n g t o a n d a n , x a y d U n g t h e t r a n c h i e n t r a n h t r i n h eo t i n h he t h o n g eua t o a n x a h o i ; l a bo p h a n h i i u cd n h a n d a n , b a o v e vCtng chic T o quoc V i e t N a m x a h o i t r o n g he t h o n g giao due quoc g i a . chu nghia trong thdi k y mdi va la mot qua t r i n h tudn N h i e m v u quoc p h o n g , giao d u e quoc p h o n g l a c u a theo cdc quy luat khdch quan, c6 moi lien he bien chiCng, D a n g , N h a nadc va cua toan xa h o i . N g h i quyet cua thong nhd't hHu cd. S u l i e n h e v a t a c d o n g q u a l a i g i i i a D a n g , l u a t p h a p c i i a N h a n a d c , eac v a n b a n e u a C h i n h cae dieu kien khaeh quan va nhan to c h u quan hdp p h u l a ed sd de t i e n h a n h v a d o i m d i e o n g t a e g i a o d u e t h a n h h o a n c a n h h i e n t h i i e viia c h i l a d t t n g n h u t n g m a t quoe p h o n g . t h u a n I d i , viXa chda d U n g n h i i n g m a t k h o k h a n , c h i p h o i Qua t r i n h h i n h thanh, phat t r i e n cung nhiing thanh v a d o i h o i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g p h a i dUde d o i m d i t o a n t a u eua eong tae giao d u e quoe p h o n g t r o n g n h i J n g n a m d i e n de p h a t t r i e n . q u a , t r a d e h e t p h a i k e t d i v a i t r d l a n h dao eua D a n g , v a i iia 117
  2. Nha nude, he thong bo may, cd quan chiic nang, doi ngu tro to chiic, dieu hanh, quan ly cua Nha n\idc. Bxidng can bo tien hanh hien thiic hoa nhiem vu giao due quoc nhien, n h i i n g han che ve to chiic va quan ly giao due quoc phong bang cac noi dung, h i n h thijte, bien phap cu the. phong cua mot so cd quan chijfe nang cua Dang va Nha nude cung eo anh hudng tdi viec doi mdi, nang cao chat Dong thdi, tren ed sd thiic tien cong tac giao due quoc lUdng, hieu qua eong tac nay. Su chi dao khong kip thdi, phong bao dam cho ditdng lo'i, quan diem ciia Dang, phap nhflng quan diem, t u tiJcing thieu khoa hoc... d i n den sU luat ciia Nha niidc diidc kiem nghiem, bo sung, phat t r i e n cu the hoa trong giao due quoc phong de pham sai \km; s\i va khong ngirng doi mdi. nhan thiic cua l a n h dao, cd quan, ban, nganh khong day N h i i vay, diidng loi, quan diem ciia Dang, chinh sach, du deu tac dong, anh hUdng den viee thiic t h i cong tac doi phap luat cua Nha nudc luon la cho dxia ve khoa hoe, ve mdi giao due quoc phong. phap ly eua sii doi mdi giao due quoc phong trong he thong Dang, N h a nxidc c6 v a i t r o quyet d i n h t r o n g viec giao due quoc dan. ; t h a n h lap cac to chiic chuyen t r a c h ve giao due quoc 2. D o i mdi giao due q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao phong nhxi: Bo Quoc phong, H o i dong Giao due quoc quy d i n h c u a B o Q u o c p h o n g ve nhufng v a n de l i e n phong T r u n g Udng, cac cd q u a n , ban, n g a n h , bo eo l i e n q u a n va doi n g u can bo chuyen t r a c h c6 k h a nang, q u a n tdi cong t a c q u a n s\i, q u o c phong, a n n i n h v a t r i n h do, c6 lap trUdng, ban l i n h va t r i tue de triJe tiep doi ngoai q u a n s\i t i e n h a n h doi m d i giao due quoc phong, p h i i hdp v 6 i Bo Quoc phong la cd quan t h i i d n g trUe giiip H o i dong yeu cau m d i cua t h u e t i e n . Giao due quoc phong T r u n g lidng to chiic, nghien eiiu, de Diidng loi, quan diem cua Dang, c h i n h sach, phap xuat, t r i n h T h u t i i d n g C h i n h p h u xem xet, quyet d i n h cac l u a t ciia N h a nude la cd scl c h i n h t r i va phap ly ve n h i i n g chii trUdng, phUdng hudng, ke hdach va cac cong tac dieu k i e n can t h i e t doi vdi hoat dong giao due quoc quan t r o n g ciia giao due quoc phong; to chiic quan ly cac phong, la cd s6 quyet d i n h hudng dau tU cac dieu k i e n vat eau lac bo the thao hiidng nghiep quoc phong p h u hdp chat, t i n h t h a n , n h i i n g yeu to bao dam cho viec doi mdi yeu eau quoc phong t r o n g t i n h h i n h mdi. giao due quoc phong. Can eijt vao sU ehi dao cua Bo Quoc phong, cac quan Doi mdi giao due quoc phong p h u thuoc vao diidng loi k h u , quan doan, cac hoe vien, nha t r i i d n g quan doi, cac ciia Dang, phap l u a t cua N h a niidc la mot t a t yeu khach ddn v i , cac bo ehi huy quan siJ t i n h , t h a n h pho, ban chi quan, n h u n g sU p h u thuoc do khong may moe ma luon huy quan s\l huyen, quan, t h i xa t h a m mxiu eho cap uy sang tao. Tren cd sci dUdng lo'i ciia Dang, phap l u a t ciia 119 118
  3. v a c h m h q u y e n to chtfc tot c o n g tac doi m d i g i a o due quoc x a y d i i n g he t h o n g v a n b a n q u y p h a m p h a p l u a t ve g i a o p h o n g , b o i d U d n g k i e n thiie quoc p h o n g cho c a n bo c h u due quoc p h o n g ; b i e n s o a n he t h o n g sach g i a o k h o a , g i a o c h o t cac cap, cho hoc s i n h , sinh v i e n t r e n d i a b a n . t r i n h , t a i l i e u g i a n g d a y phvi h d p v d i cac cap hoc, bac hoe Q u a n d o i l a life l U d n g nong cot t r o n g h i e p dong, to v a b a n h a n h t h o n g n h a t t r o n g ca nUdc; t h U d n g x u y e n chiic va true tiep thiJc h i e n g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho t o a n giao due, b o i dUdng, n a n g cao n g h i e p v u c h u y e n m o n cho d o i n g u c a n bo q u a n l y v a giao v i e n g i a o due quoc p h o n g dan. T r e n ed sd nhCtng de x u a t eua cac cd quan ehuyen cl cac bac hoe v d i n h i e u h i n h t h i l c , b i e n p h a p p h u h d p . t r a c h ve g i a o due quoc phong. Bo Quoc phong b a n h a n h Cac n h a t r i i d n g t h i i c h i e n d o i m d i g i a o due quoc phong cac q u y d i n h , chi t h i , q u y e t d i n h ve to c h i i e , n h i e m v u , d e u c a n c i l v a o cac v a n b a n chi dao, q u a n l y c o n g t a c g i a o t r a c h n h i e m eua cac cap va bao dam m o i m a t cho d o i m d i due quoc p h o n g eua Bo Giao due v a Dao t a o v a Bo Quoc g i a o due quoc p h o n g dat k e t q u a . Bo Quoc p h o n g p h o i p h o n g . SiJ e h i dao, q u a n l y g i a o due quoc p h o n g eiia Bg h d p vcii Bo Giao due va Dao tao, cac bo, n g a n h c6 Hen Giao due v a Dao t a o l a cd sci t r t t e t i e p de d o i m d i g i a o due q u a n x a y d U n g cac c h u d n g t r i n h , b i e n s o a n t a i l i e u g i a n g quoc p h o n g eua cae n h a t r U d n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o due day, t a p h u a n d o i n g u g i a o v i e n , to c h i i e n g h i e n cHu k h o a quoc d a n h i e n n a y . hoc, t o n g k e t g i a o due quoc p h o n g q u a tCfng t h d i ky... Q u a do, t h a m m u u , de x u a t v6i l a n h dao cac c h u t r U d n g , 4. D o i mcfi g i a o d u e q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao e h i n h s a c h ve doi m d i g i a o due quoc p h o n g . Bo c h i h u y dinh hifdng phat trien eua he thong giao due q u a n sU cac t i n h , t h a n h p h o ' c o n h i e m v u p h o i h d p v d i cac quoc dan cd sd g i a o due va dao tao to c h i l e g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho D i n h h i i d n g doi m d i , p h a t t r i e n n e n giao due eua hoc s i n h , s i n h v i e n , v.v.. D a n g la cd sd l y l u a n q u y e t d i n h p h U d n g h i i d n g , n g i d u n g d o i m d i g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o 3. D o i mdi giao due quoc phong phu thuoc vao due quoc d a n h i e n n a y . Vdi t u each l a m o t c o n g t a c n a m nhufng q u y d i n h v a svT c h i dao, h i t d n g din cua Bo t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o d u e quoc d a n , g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g G i a o due v a D a o tao. p h a i q u a n t r i e t va h i e n thue hoa d i n h h u d n g doi m d i Bo Giao due va Dao t a o l a ed q u a n t r U c t i e p c h i dao, g i a o due e u a D a n g v a o d d i s o n g h i e n t h u c . D i n h h u d n g q u a n ly c o n g t a c g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho hoe s i n h , s i n h p h a t t r i e n g i a o due eua D a n g d a t ed sd, n e n t a n g cho v i e n t r o n g cac nha t r i i d n g t h u o c he t h o n g g i a o due quoc n h a n t h i l e , t i i d u y d u n g d i n , k h o a hgc ve g i a o d u e quoc d a n ; gop p h a n q u a n t r o n g vao v i e c xay d U n g v a t h a m g i a p h o n g ; d o n g t h d i v a c h r a phiJdng h u d n g , each t h i i c d d i 120 121
  4. mdi giao due quo'c phong mot each toan dien, ed ban, he gia. Thdi gian gan day, cac the lUe t h u dich rao rie't thiic thong, hien dai; han che each lam chSp va, cue bo, h i n h hien am mxiu "dien bien hoa b i n h " , bao loan l a t do, sxi thtic, kem hieu qua. D i n h hifdng phat t r i e n eiia he dung eae chieu bai "dan chu", " n h a n quyen", "dan toe", thong giao due quo'c dan con chi pho'i viee doi m6i "ton giao" hong lam thay doi ehe do c h i n h t r i ci nxidc ta. phUdng phap va each thiie to chiic giao due, nang cao N h i i n g dien bien het siic phvic tap ci Tay Nguyen, Tay chat lUdng doi ngu giao vien giao due quoc phong, t a n g N a m , Tay B^e do eae the luc t h i i dich gay ra cang doi hoi eUdng cd sci vat chat cho cac t r u n g tarn va cd sci giao due chung ta phai l a m to't hdn cong tac giao due quoc phong; quoc phong. phai l a m gi de giiip nhan dan hieu ai la do'i tUdng, ai la Co the thay rang, hiem eo mon khoa hoc nao dUdc doi tac, ai la ban, ai la t h i i , biet xem xet, x i i ly diing dSn quy d i n h nhieu van ban v6i ti'nh phap ly cao nhit mon cac mo'i quan he, viia mci rong quan he hdp tac, giao l i i u ; giao due quoc phong. Do la n h i i n g quy d i n h cua L u a t ; Chi vijfa dau t r a n h , ngan chan sii Idi dung de thiie hien am t h i cua Bo Quoc phong; cac nghi d i n h , thong tif lien m i i u cho'ng pha cua cac the Itte t h i dich. nganh den eae van ban ehi dao cua nganh... Dieu do the Giao due quoc phong la mot bo phan quan trong eiia hien sii quan tarn sau sac eiia Dang va Nha nxidc doi v6i cong tae quoc phong. Cong tac nay trong bat luan hoan cong tac nay; do la n h i i n g yeu to'quan t r o n g lam cho cong canh nao deu c6 mo'i quan he mat thiet v6i t i n h h i n h thue tac giao due quoc phong luon dUdc doi m6i, doi m6i dong t i l n , lien quan triic tiep den cong tac phong, cho'ng am bo va dat hieu qua cao. m i i u , t h i i doan cua ke t h u . V i vay, trong doi mdi noi dung 5. D o i mofi giao due quoc p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao giao due quoc phong can phai lam ro am m i i u , t h u doan s\i v a n dong, d i e n b i e n c u a a m mxiu, t h u d o a n c u a cua ke t h u doi vdi each mang nxidc ta, l a m eho moi ngiidi ke t h u , vao n h i e m v u q u o c p h o n g v a bao ve T o dan hieu ro ban chat, am m i i u eiia ke t h u , bao dam "biet quoc Viet N a m xa hoi c h u nghia dich, biet t a " de nang cao canh giac each mang, san sang dap t a n moi am m i i u , t h i i doan cua ke dich. N&m chSc am A m mUu, t h t i doan eiia ke thu t r o n g cho'ng pha each m i i u , t h u doan cua ke t h i i la cd sd de doi mdi noi dung giao mang Viet N a m la het silc t i n h v i va phiic tap. De dap due quo'c phong, cap nhat, phat t r i e n , doi mdi h i n h thiie, tan am mUu cua dich. Dang va Nha nu6e ta da va dang phiidng phap, liic lUdng trong giao due quo'c phong. Su xa CO n h i e u bien phap t i c h cUe, t r o n g do eo bien phap doi mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc rdi thiie t i i n , khong hieu hoac hieu sai ve ke t h u se la 122 123
  5. tUdng. Dieu do doi hoi giao due quoc phong phai hiidng khiem khuyet 16n, c6 the d i n den viec rdi vao giao dieu, tdi xay diing va cung eo v i i n g chSc t r a n dia tU tifdng xa duy tarn, duy y chi trong cong tac giao due quoc phong. hoi chu nghia eho cac lUc lUdng. Trong giao due quoc Xet tii ban chat, am mUu, t h u doan eua cac the \\ic phong, cac noi dung va h i n h thiic t i e n hanh phai luon t h u dich do'i v6i each mang nu6e ta, t h i chien lUdc "dien luon doi mdi, phan anh k i p thdi n h i i n g d i i n bien phiie bien hoa b i n h " dang la mot nguy cd khong the xem tap ciia t i n h h i n h , dac biet la n h i i n g am m i i u , t h i i doan thUdng, dang h^ng ngay, hkng gid t a n cong lam suy yeu cua ke t h u trong l i n h vUc t\i tUdng. s U l a n h dao eua Dang, s\i ton vong eua che do ta. V i vay, Doi m6i giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due trong giao due quoc phong trUde het p h a i d i n h hadng, quoc dan phu thuoc t n i c tiep vao sii phat t r i e n eua nhiem lam ro am m\iu, thu doan " d i i n bien hoa b i n h " eua dich. v u quoc phong, nhiem vu bao ve To quoc; giao due quoc A m m i i u t h a m doc nhat t r o n g chien lude "dien bien phong can dUde xae d i n h d i i n g dan, p h u hdp t r o n g t i i n g hoa b i n h " cua ke t h u la tdch qudn dgi khoi nhdn dan, giai doan lich n h a t d i n h va luon dUdc bo sung, phat phd hogi khoi dgi dodn ket toan dan tgc, k h a i thac n h i i n g t r i e n p h u hdp vcfi yeu eau mdi cua t i n h h i n h . m a u t h u ^ n nhat thdi ciia mot v a i ddn v i quan doi v6i mot N h i e m v u ciia nen quoc phong toan dan l u o n difdc bo bo phan quan ehiing... d cac dia ban eu the, tii do c6 lap sung, phat t r i e n va cu the hoa eho p h u hdp vdi dieu quan doi, "v6 hieu hoa" liic liidng v i i t r a n g . Doi mcti giao k i e n , t i n h h i n h cu the. Giao due quoc phong k h o n g due quoc phong phai thay diidc n h i i n g h i n h t h a i va n h i i n g n h i i n g phan a n h d i i n g t i n h h i n h do, ma muc dich Icfn dac diem, dieu kien mdi trong quan he quan dan de eo noi hdn la thong qua viec t r a n g h i n h i i n g k i e n thiic quoc dung mdi, hiidng vao xay dUng the t r a n long dan ehong phong, dudng lo'i, quan diem, tU t u 6 n g quoc phong de am m i i u "dien bien hoa b i n h " , bao loan lat do eua dich. h i n h t h a n h n h a n each va chuan h i t i n h t h ^ n , k h a n a n g san sang thUc h i e n nghia v u eho moi cong dan t r o n g Muc tieu hdng ddu cua chien liidc "dien bien hod binh" cong tac quoc phong. ciia cdc the lUc thii dich Id tien hdnh cugc chien tranh tdm Co the noi, giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao ly - tit tiidng. Cac the lUc t h u dich da va dang ap dung due quoc gia p h u thuoc vao nhieu nhan to. Thiic chat nhieu t h u doan hong lam tan ra he t\l tUdng Mae - Lenin, n h i i n g nhan to nay la n h i i n g moi quan he ban chfi't, t a t ha thap vai tro t U txlbng Ho Chi M i n h , cong kich doi xoa yeu lap d i lap l a i , dUdc xae d i n h la n h i i n g van de c6 t i n h bo sii l a n h dao ciia Dang; thUc hien " p h i c h i n h t r i hoa" quy luat. Trong do, sU p h u thuoc ciia giao due quoc phong quan doi. Day la mot t r o n g cac am m i i u xao quyet cua doi vdi nhiem v u bao ve To quoc diidc xae d i n h n h i i van chien liide " d i i n bien hoa b i n h " t r e n l i n h vUc c h i n h t r i , t U 124 1^5
  6. de CO t i n h trUc tiep. C h i n h v i vay, mot t r o n g nhCing can hoa, xay dUng va bao ve To quoc xa hoi chu nghia. Giai cii thuc tien c6 t i n h t a t yeu de xac d i n h doi mdi giao due quyet dung dan moi quan he giiJa truyen thong va hien quoc phong dap l i n g yeu cau, t i n h h i n h mdi do la nhiem dai trong qua t r i n h doi mdi giao due quoc phong mdi gop v u bao ve To quoc t r o n g t i n h h i n h hien nay. phan giii gin, phat trien nhuing gia t r i truyen thong, tiep t h u n h i i n g t h a n h tUu cua khoa hoc va cong nghe hien dai; 6. D o i m d i giao due q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c v a o hoc tap nhQng k i n h nghiem hay cua cac niidc. M o t trong v i e c k e thifa, p h a t h u y t r u y e n t h o n g giao d u e quoc nhiing yeu cau dat ra trong doi mdi giao due quoc phong p h o n g t r o n g l i c h sijf c u a d a n toe v a c u a e a c h m a n g hien nay la phai xay difng, boi diidng cho ngUdi hoe, nhat Viet N a m la hoc sinh, s i n h vien, t h a n h nien long t\i hao, t\i ton dan Lich sxi giao due quoc phong cua each mang Viet toe; dong thdi gop phan khSc phuc t a m ly t\i t i , t h a i do N a m da de l a i nhieu b a i hoc k i n h nghiem quy bau. Ngay sung ngoai va n h i i n g bieu hien t\i tudng, hanh dong xa la nay, chat lUdng, hieu qua giao due quoc phong p h u thuoc vdi truyen thong dan toe, Idi ieh quoc gia. dang ke vao sii ke thCia, phat huy t r u y e n thong giao due Sii ke thvTa, phat huy t r u y e n thong giao due quoc quoc phong t r o n g lich sijt cua dan toe va cua each mang phong khong chi la k i n h nghiem ma l a ca ly l u a n , khong Viet N a m . chi l a he thong t r i thiie khoa hoe m a ca n h i i n g t r i thiic Do la chu nghia yeu nu6c nong nan; long t\l hao, t\i thong thUdng. T r u y e n thong giao due quoc phong ciia ton dan toe sau sic; la t i n h t h a n doan ket, gin bo, ca nxldc Dang v a each mang V i e t Nam gan mot nvia the k y da de chung long, toan dan danh giac, t r a m ho la b i n h ; la y ehi lai nhieu v a n de c6 t i n h quy l u a t v a n h i i n g s\l k i e n noi quyet danh, quyet thSng va nghe t h u a t biet danh, biet bat c i n phai quan t a m g i i i g i n , phat t r i e n . N h i i n g h i n h thang, lay nho t h i n g 16n, lay i t dich nhieu... N h i i n g gia t r i thiic, phiidng phap giao due quoc phong c6 t i n h t r u y e n truyen thong van hoa lich vhn la t a i san t i n h t h a n quy thong can diidc dac biet coi trong. bau, la nguon siic manh de dan toe ta, nhan dan ta vutng Qua t r i n h ke t h i i a , phat t r i e n p h a i phan d i n h diide bade trong t h i e n nien ky mdi trong dieu k i e n md cvLa, hoi n h i i n g k i n h nghiem t r u y e n thong giao due quoc phong nhap vdi k h u vxic va quoc te. V i vay, doi mdi giao due quoc con gia t r i , ap dung c6 hieu qua t r o n g dieu k i e n lich si3t phong phai dua vao t r u y e n thong v a n hoa lich sii ciia dan mdi. Viec ke thijfa, tiep nhan t r u y e n thong lich sii giao toe, ke thOfa va phat huy nhiJng gia t r i t r u y e n thong vao due quoc phong t h i i d n g dOing phiidng phap l i c h d a i , ke cong cuoc doi mdi, day manh eong nghiep hoa, hien dai thifa theo chieu s a u ciia v a n de. L i n h boat, sang tao 126 127;
  7. "Cham s6c, t h a m hoi gia d i n h liet si"...). Giao due quoc trong ke thCfa. phat t r i e n va sii dung car h i n h thiic. phong cho hoc sinh t r u n g hoc cd sd thiJdng dUdc long phifdng phap se gop phan tioh c\ic t r o n g doi mdi cong tac ghep vao cac mon hoc khac, nhat la mon lich dia ly, giao due quo'e phong. giao due cong dan... Ke thila, phdt huy truyen thong giao due tinh than Doi vdi hoc sinh phd thong trung hoc. Giao due quoc todn dan ddnh giac ciia dan toe ta, giao due quoe phong ludn dat ra sU phii hap vdi tilng doi tiidng cu the. phong CO vai tro het silc quan trong t r o n g viec gop p h ^ n Doi vdi hoc sinh tieu hoc. Trong giao due quoe phong h i n h t h a n h nhan each cho hoe sinh. Giao due quoc phong cho doi tUdng nay, c^n giang day nhijtng bai chinh t r i . la mot mat t r o n g nhiem v u giao due toan dien ciia nha nhiJng noi dung huan luyen k i e n thiie quan sii. kien thiie trUdng, khong nhutng nang cao kien thilc quoc phong, y quoc phong c6 noi dung, h i n h thiic phong p h i i phu hdp thiic trach nhiem, nhiem v u bao ve To quoc cho hoc sinh, v6i t t o g Ilia tuoi. Cu the nha: giao due long yeu men ban ma eon gop p h ^ n hoan t h i e n nhan each cho ngUdi hoe, be, quy trong thay c6 giao va cha me, anh chi; thUe hien ren luyen cho hoe sinh tae phong nhanh nhen, ngan nSp, nam dieu Bac Ho day cho t h i e u nien, n h i dong (do chinh gon gang va y thiic to chvic k y luat. la noi dung cu the d^u tien eua long yeu que hUdng, dat Noi dung giao due "quan sii" cho hoe sinh t r u n g hoe nxldc). Giao due "quan svf" doi vdi cac em thiidng la giao cd sd thiidng gSn vdi giao due, ren luyen thUc hien noi due ky luat, t r a t t u t r o n g 16p, vang Idi cha me, thay c6, quy nha triidng, thiic hien nghi thCfe D o i vien t h i e u nien vang Idi ngUdi Idn. t i e n phong. Giao due quoc phong cho doi tUdng nay d Doi vdi hoc sinh pho thong ca sd. Giao due long yeu nhieu t r i i d n g dUde the hien qua cac tro ehdi quan sii, hoe nifde thong qua giao due s\i k i n h t r o n g va biet dn cac anh theo each "hoc ma ehdi, chdi ma hoc". N h i i n g noi dung hung, liet sT, n h i i n g ngiJdi da chien dau, hy sinh de dem t r e n thudng diide giao due lien tuc eo he thong bang eac lai cho moi ngUdi cuoc song hoa binh, hanh phuc horn hoat dong c6 chu dich t i i ca ba phia: gia d i n h , nha t r i i d n g nay. Giao due cho cac em qua nhutng bai hoc t r o n g va xa hoi. chifdng t r i n h chinh khoa hoac ngoai khoa, qua n h i i n g cau N h i i n g van de c6 t i n h truyen thong trong giao due chuyen ke. qua tham quan cac di tich lich sii. van hoa va quoc phong tren day la tien de va dieu kien cho viec doi cac hoat dong phong trao do Doan T h a n h nien Cong san mdi giao due quoe phong trong thdi gian tdi. Ho Chi M i n h phat dong ("Ao lua tang ba", " D i t i m nhiJng Giao due y thiic bao ve To quoc cho the he tre qua dia chi do", "Cham soe Ba me Viet N a m A n h hiing", 129 128
  8. mon lich s i i the h i e n d n h i e u mat. Tri/dc het, no l a m cho 7. D o i mdi giao d u e q u o c p h o n g p h u t h u o c trv^c hoc sinh thay ro nguyen n h a n tu: ban chat, y do banh tiep vao stf no \\ic c h u q u a n c u a c a c li^c lifdng t h a m trU6ng, xam liidc. thong t r i ciia cac viidng quoc phong gia giao d u e q u o c p h o n g . k i e n , t h u c d a n de quoc dan t6i cac nudc y e u thiidng diing Mot Id, ve bo may quan ly giao due quoc phong. H i e n trade nguy cd bi thon t i n h , bi do ho. Hai Id, giao due quoc nay, cd cau to ehiic bo may quan ly va giao due quoc phong q u a t r u y e n thong l i c h s i i giup cho ngUdi hoe t h a y phong da diidc xay diing, k i e n toan va di vao nen nep, diidc s a k i e n , n h a n e h i i n g l i c h s i i , b a i hoe lich sii, giup boat dong kha on d i n h . H o i dong Giao due quoc phong cho nguldi hoc t h a y diidc n h i i n g v a n de c6 t i n h t r u y e n T r u n g Udng la cd quan l a n h dao, chi dao cao n h a t cong thong n h U : viee t u y e n chon n h a n t a i ciia to tien ta, v6i tac giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due quoc gia. nhiJng ngiidi giup nUdc c6 k h a n a n g " k i n h b a n g te t h e " , O cac dia phUdng c6 H o i dong giao due quoc phong quan t r u y e n thong toan d a n d i i n g l e n k h i c6 giae tdi, t r u y e n k h u , t i n h (thanh), quan (huyen). O mot so' Bo n h i i Bo thong l a y n h u t h S n g eUdng...; giiip cho ngUdi hoe t h a y Giao due va Dao tao, Bo Lao dong - T h i i d n g h i n h va Xa dUde quy l u a t dUng nxidc di doi v6i giii nUdc. Nhijtng v a n hoi CO V u Giao due quoc phong. O eae s6 giao due, dao tao de n a y c6 y n g h i a n h U n h i i n g n g u y e n tkc eua viec doi mdi CO cae ehuyen vien hoac can bo biet phai, ehuyen t r a c h giao due quoc phong. Ba Id, giao due t r u y e n thong lich su! hoae k i e m nhiem. T a i eae t r i i d n g dai hoc, cao dang, eae d a n toe theo con difdng ciiu nxidc dxidi s\l l a n h dao ciia t r u n g t a m giao due quoc phong eo cac khoa, bo mon giao mot g i a i cap t i e n bo... due quoc phong. Cac to chiic va cac liic lUdng t r e n la Kethita truyen thong giao due quoc phong qua cac loai n h i i n g chii the eua giao due quoc phong. V i vay, c6 the hinh nghe thuat eua dan toe ud ciia each mang Viet Nam. k h a n g d i n h rkng viec doi mdi giao due quoc phong diidc Cac loai h i n h nghe t h u a t da v a d a n g eo tac dung r a t t i e n h a n h ra sao, ket qua the nao, da, dang va se p h u Idn trong giao due y thiic quoc phong toan d a n , pho b i e n thuoc dang ke vao sii no liic ehu quan eua ehii the do. n h i i n g t r u y e n thong tot dep, n e u cao long y e u niidc, y e u M 6 i chu the c6 v i t r i , vai tro, chiie nang, nhiem v u , quyen c h u n g h i a xa hoi. Cac boat dong v a n hoa; cac chUdng han va pham v i t r a c h nhiem giai quyet cong viec theo t r i n h p h a t t h a n h , t r u y e n h i n h , le hoi, bao c h i . . . d e u la v i i quy d i n h ve to ehiic bo may boat dong ciia C h i n h phu. k h i h i i u h i e u de giao due y thiic quoc phong. H i e n nay, Song, CO the thay r i n g , bo phan thiidng triic ciia H o i eae loai h i n h giao due n a y d a n g tiing bude diidc h i e n d a i dong Giao due quoc phong cac cap (thiidng la cac cd quan hoa n h U n g v ^ n bao d a m giii v i i n g b a n s^c t r u y e n thong quan sii dia phiidng) eo vai t r o triic tiep t r o n g quan ly va d a n toe. 130 131
  9. to chifc g i a o d u e quo'c p h o n g . D o i n g u g i a o v i e n t h u o c cac q u a n c h i p h o i trUe t i e p v a s a u sac, t o a n d i e n n h a t d e n q u a k h o a , bo m o n g i a o due quo'c p h o n g d cac hoc v i e n , n h a t r i n h d o i m d i giao due quo'c p h o n g . V i vay, y e u c&u d a t r a t r U d n g , cac t r u n g t a m g i a o due, dao t a o l a c h u t h e q u y e t t r o n g q u a t r i n h d o i m d i giao due quoc p h o n g l a p h a i t a p d i n h t n J c t i e p d e n c h a t l U d n g g i a o due quoc p h o n g . t r u n g vao viec n a n g cao c h a t l U d n g d o i n g u giao v i e n d u D e d o i mcfi g i a o due quo'c p h o n g dUdc t i e n h a n h t o t , siJfc h o a n t h a n h n h i e m v u giao due quo'c p h o n g t r o n g t i n h m o t t r o n g n h C i n g k h a u t h e n cho't, c6 y n g h l a q u y e t d i n h h i n h mdi. l a c a n p h a i phdt huy day du tinh nang dong, tick cite, Hai la, doi m d i giao due quoc p h o n g p h a i p h u hdp chu dong cua cac ccf quan quan sU dia phUcfng vd dpi v 6 i dac d i e m c u a t v f n g d o i t U d n g g i a o d u e q u o c phong ngu giao vien giao due quoc phong. T h e o do, cac ed q u a n h i e n nay. q u a n sU d i a p h i i d n g p h a i difdc x a y d i i n g , c u n g c6', k i e n Cae d o i t U d n g eu t h e c u a g i a o d u e quo'c p h o n g c6 t o a n v i i n g m a n h , t o a n d i e n , c6 bo p h a n c h u y e n t r a c h nhijtng dac diem rieng ve nhan thiic ly luan, kinh t i n h t h o n g d u s\ic l a m t r o n c h d c n a n g , n h i e m v u l a ed nghiem hoat dong thUe t i e n xa h o i , t i n h chat nghe q u a n t h a m m U u , de x u a t n o i d u n g , p h \ i d n g h u d n g , g i u p nghiep, p h a m v i giao tiep va t a m a n h h i i d n g xa h o i . V i c h o H o i d o n g G i a o d u e quoc p h o n g , cap u y d a n g , c h i n h vay, viec d o i m d i ehUdng t r i n h , n o i d u n g , p h U d n g p h a p q u y e n cac d i a p h U d n g l a n h dao, c h i d a o c o n g t a c g i a o g i a o d u e quo'c p h o n g p h a i c a n c i i v a o dac d i e m e u a tufng d u e quo'c p h o n g ; d o n g t h d i p h a i l a m to't c h i i c n a n g l a ed d o i t i i d n g c u t h e . N o i d u n g , p h u t d n g p h a p g i a o d u e quoc q u a n trUc t i e p q u a n ly, xay dUng ke hoach, k i e m t r a p h o n g cho do'i t U d n g l a c a n b g c h u cho't cap t i n h , h u y e n h o a t d o n g g i a o d u e quoc p h o n g . se k h a e v d i n o i d u n g , p h U d n g p h a p g i a o d u e cho do'i C h a t l U d n g giao due quoc p h o n g p h u t h u o c r a t I d n vao t u d n g l a c a n bo c h i i cho't cac t o n g c o n g t y h a y c a n bo cac t r a c h n h i e m , t r i n h do, n a n g lUc c u a d o i n g u giao v i e n giao b a n , n g a n h t r u n g Udng. N o i d u n g , p h U d n g p h a p g i a o d u e due quoic p h o n g . D o i n g u giao v i e n c h i n h l a lUe l U d n g x i i c quoc p h o n g cho do'i t U d n g l a cac c h d e s&c, c h i i c viec t i e n viec d o i m d i n o i d u n g giao due quoc p h o n g , lUa c h o n t r o n g cac t o n g i a o l a i eo n h i i n g y e u c a u dac t h u c u a t i i n g cac p h i i d n g p h a p sU p h a m p h u h d p n h a t de tac d o n g t d i t o n g i a o , tiing vung, m i e n cu the. Viec xay dUng ehiidng I d o i t U d n g ngUdi hoc, de x u a t , t i e n h a n h c a i t i e n m o h i n h t r i n h , doi m d i noi d u n g , l i i a chon p h i i d n g p h a p sat hdp hoe eu, each ihxlc to chiie, q u a n l y h i e u q u a n h a t n h a m d a t v d i dac d i e m n h a n t h i i c , t i n h c h a t n g h e n g h i e p , c i i d n g v i difdc k e t q u a t o i U u cho cong tac giao due quoc p h o n g . Co x a h o i c u a m o i d o i t i i d n g c u t h e se cho p h e p t h u d i i d c k e t t h e k h & n g d i n h r S n g , d o i n g u giao v i e n l a n h a n to c h i i qua tot nhat. •' S 132 133
  10. 8. D o i m d i giao due quoc p h o n g p h u t h u o c vao ban, theo hu6ng hien dai hoa hoat dong giao due quoc q u a t r i n h h i e n d a i h o a p h i i d n g t i e n , d a u t\i n a n g phong. Yeu cau dat ra t r o n g qua t r i n h doi mdi giao due c a p cd sd v a t c h a t , t r a n g t h i e t h i bao d a m cho day quoc phong la p h a i t a n g evfdng hdn nuta phUdng t i e n k y va hoc. t h u a t nghe n h i n hien dai, nang cap thao t r i i d n g , bai tap, cac phong chuyen dung, xay dUng mdi cac t r u n g t a m Cung v6i t a n g trUdng k i n h te t h i cd sci vat chat, giao due quoc phong tap t r u n g ci cac vung, mien dap i i n g t r a n g h i k y t h u a t dam bao cho giao due quoc phong cung yeu cau phat t r i e n m6i eua n h i e m v u . la mot t r o n g nhiJng yeu to' giQ v a i t r o quan t r o n g , chi Qua t r i n h doi m6i giao due quoc phong khong p h a i pho'i t 6 i chat lUdng, h i e u qua giao due quoc phong. Ben la sU ngku n h i e n , hay do y chu quan, ap dat cua ca n h a n canh viee boi dvfdng t r i thiic quoc phong, giao due quoc nao ma qua t r i n h do p h u thuoc vao di/dng l o i cua Dang, phong con eo n h i e m v u boi diidng cac k y nang h a n h phap l u a t cua Nha niidc, nhijfng quy d i n h ciia Bo Quoc dong quan s\i, tac phong, nep song theo yeu edu hoat phong, Bo Giao due va Dao tao ve giao due quoc phong; dong quan s\l cho cac do'i t i i d n g . K e t qua boi dUdng, r e n p h u thuoc vao am mUu, t h u doan ciia ke t h u , n h i e m v u l u y e n nhutng noi d u n g do p h u thuoc vao cd sd v a t chat, quoc phong, n h i e m v u bao ve To quoc Viet N a m xa hoi n h a t la giao t r i n h , giao khoa, t a i l i e u , bang h i n h , p h i m chu nghia; p h u thuoc vao sii ke thCfa, phat huy t r u y e n anh h u a n luyen, mo h i n h hoc cu, thao t r i i d n g , bai t a p . t h o n g giao due quoc phong t r o n g l i c h sii cua dan toe... Doi mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he t h o n g giao due SiJ p h u thuoc nay h i n h t h a n h nen n h i i n g mo'i quan he quoc gia h i e n nay khong the tach r d i qua t r i n h h i e n d a i ban chat, t a t yeu, eo t i n h quy l u a t , quy d i n h sU van hoa ed sci vftt chat - k y t h u a t . dong, p h a t t r i e n cua qua t r i n h doi m6i eong tac giao due Viee tang nguon d^u t\i k i n h p h i de hien dai hoa cd sci quoc phong. vat chat, phUdng tien dam bao cho giao due quoc phong la mot mat k h a u quan trong trong toan bo hoat dong giao N h a n thiie dung van de c6 t i n h quy luat nay se tao ra due quoc phong. Day ciing la doi hoi t a t yeu, noi t a i eua tien de, cd sci ly luan khoa hoe ehd qua t r i n h doi mdi cong giao due quoc phong. Doi mdi giao due quoc phong trong tac giao due quoc phong, t r e n cd sci do d i n h ra nhiing dieu kien eugc each mang khoa hoe va cong nghe hien dai phUdng hudng, giai phap sat thue, kha t h i cho qua t r i n h dang phat t r i e n manh me, sii bung no thong t i n toan cau, nay. Dong thdi, nghien ciJtu nhiJtng van de c6 t i n h quy l u a t dat nxidc doi m6i, mci eiia, hoi nhap t h i khong the giiJ mai trong doi mdi cong tac giao due quoc phong se gop phan each lam chSp va, lac hau ma phai doi m6i mot each ed tich cxlc phong t r a n h n h i i n g suy nghi, hanh dong gian ddn, 135 134
  11. cam t i n h , "lam bufa", lam au va nhi3ng quan diem duy t i i n , la mot tieu chi danh gia doi mdi giao due quoc tam, duy y chi doi v6i cong tac giao due quoc phong trong phong trong he thong giao due quoc gia. Neu khong nang t i n h h i n h hien nay. cao nhan thufc cua lanh dao, cua giao vien, cua ngudi hoc va ngUdi phue v u ve v i t r i , v a i tro, t a m quan t r o n g cua giao due quoc phong t h i kho c6 the doi mdi nang cao chat I I - T I N H Q U Y D I N H V A N H I T N G C A N ClT D A N H G I A lUdng, hieu qua giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao K E T Q U A D O I M6I GIAO D U G QUOC PHONG due quoc dan t r o n g t i n h h i n h hien nay. Doi mdi giao due quoc phong mang t i n h d i n h hifdng Chu trifdng doi mdi giao due qude phong xuat phat tH chinh t r i ro rang. Cai dich chung ta can di tcti, dat dUOc quan diem xay dang nen quoc phong toan dan, ehuan b i la nang cao t r i n h do nhan thiic, y thxic quoc phong, y cho chien t r a n h nhan dan, bao ve To quoc cua Dang va thilc bao ve To quoc xa hoi chu nghia cho moi ngiJcii dan Nha nxldc ta; ke thCfa t r u y e n thong diing nUde va giii Viet N a m t r o n g thdi k y mdi. Day la viec l a m he trong, r a t niidc cua dan toe. Do la mot chu t r i i d n g Idn, mang t i n h cong p h u , nghiem tuc, doi hoi p h a i dung quy t r i n h , hxidc ehinh t r i - xa hoi, eo y nghia la mot phong trao xa hoi. di va CO muc t i e u , chi t i e u , ke hoach ro rang. N u o i diidng y thiic canh giac each mang, san sang chien 1 . D o i mdi tv( duy, n h a n thiCc ve giao due q u o c dau bao ve To quoc cho toan dan tvT t r o n g t h d i b i n h phai p h o n g t r o n g t i n h h i n h h i e n nay. D a n h gia doi mdi la viec l a m thiidng xuyen, t\i giac, de den k h i eo hoa giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc dan ngoai xam t r a n h dildc sxi l u n g t u n g , bat ngd, hoang loan; p h a i can cd vao sU bien doi mdi ciia thvfc ti§n va sU phat de CO the phat dong siie manh cua chien t r a n h nhan dan, t r i e n cua t\i duy mdi hay la "each n g h i m d i " ve giao due bao ve To quoc. quoc phong, sU thong nhat eiing nhu! cac m a u t h u i n phat N h u vay, nhan thiic ciia cac doi tUdng t h a m gia giao sinh t r o n g qua t r i n h do... NhQng can c\i danh gia ket qua due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc dan ve v i doi mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc t r i , v a i tro, t ^ m quan t r o n g cua mon hoe giao due quoc dan the hien qua cac diem sau day: phong la mot t r o n g n h i i n g can cii de danh gia doi mdi - Nhan thi2c dung vi tri, vai trb, tdm quan trong cua giao due quoc phong hien nay. gido due quoc phong trong he thong gido due quoc dan. - Xdc dinh muc tieu, yeu cdu gido due quoc phong N a n g cao nhan thile ve vi t r i , v a i t r o , t a m quan t r o n g cua phti hap vdi tiCng doi tUdng trong he thong gido due quoc giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc dan la dan. TrUdc day, do yeu cau ciia cuoe khang chien chohg My, mot van de eo y nghia cap t h i e t ca ve ly l u a n va thxic ciiu nifdc, chung ta da tien hanh "huan luyen quan sU" cho 136
  12. hoc s i n h , s i n h v i e n theo phiJdng cham "day cai chien v a dac d i e m c h i n h t r i - x a h o i c u a cac do'i t i i d n g g i a o t r a n h c a n " . N g a y n a y , t r o n g stf n g h i e p x a y d a n g v a bao d u e . M u c t i e u , y e u e i u g i a o d u e p h i i h d p v 6 i do'i t i i d n g ve T o quo'c, c h u n g t a t i e n h a n h g i a o due quo'c p h o n g l a g i a o d u e , d a y e u n g l a m o t Qan c i i de d a n h g i a d o i m d i n h a m n a n g cao y t h i i c quo'c p h o n g , y t h i l c bao ve dat g i a o due q u o c p h o n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o d u e quo'c g i a nU6c cho cac do'i t U d n g ; t r a n g b i k i e n thijfc q u a n can hien nay. t h i e t de cac d o i t U d n g c6 d u d i e u k i e n t h a m g i a hoat - Chat liCdng va hieu qua doi mdi chiCOng trinh, noi dong q u a n s\l, quo'c p h o n g theo cUdng v i , chile t r a c h dung giao due quoc phong. ChUdng t r i n h , noi d u n g giao dudc giao. due quo'c p h o n g l a s i i c u t h e h o a m u c t i e u , y e u e a u n h a m V a n de d a t r a c a n p h a i g i a i d a p k h i d a n h g i a k e t q u a t h i i c h i e n m u e t i e u , y e u c a u g i a o due da d a t r a . V i t h e , d o i m d i g i a o due quoc p h o n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o due quoc k h i m u c t i e u , y e u c ^ u g i a o due quo'c p h o n g da c6 s i i t h a y g i a h i e n n a y l a : muc tieu, yeu cdu giao due quoc phong dd d o i cho p h i i h d p v d i t i n h h i n h , n h i e m v u bao ve To quo'c dung udi dudng loi bao ve To quoc cua Dang chUal Co t r o n g tCfng g i a i d o a n t h i c h i i d n g t r i n h , n o i d u n g c i i n g phii hap vdi yeu cdu, nhiem vu bao ve To quoc trong giai p h a i t h a y d o i v a k e t c a u l a i cho p h u h d p . S i i p h i i h d p doan mdi khong? G i a i d a p cac v a n de n e u t r e n khong c i i a e h U d n g t r i n h , n o i d u n g g i a o due quoc p h o n g vcti m u c p h a i d d n g i a n . N o d o i h o i n h i J n g ngiTdi l a m c o n g tac n a y t i e u , y e u c a u g i a o due, dao t a o , t i c h eiie t o n g k e t , r u t p h a i l u o n q u a n t r i e t va thUc h i e n n h a t q u a n d i i d n g loi kinh nghiem de thiidng xuyen bo sung, hoan thien e h i n h t r i , q u a n sU c i i a D a n g , n a m v i i n g n g h e t h u a t q u a n c h i i d n g t r i n h , n o i d u n g g i a o due quoc p h o n g cho cac do'i s i l V i e t N a m , n l m v i i n g s i i b i e n d o n g k i n h te - x a h o i cua t i i d n g ; t i n h d i i bao t r o n g x a y d i i n g c h i i d n g t r i n h , noi dat niidc va t r e n the gi6i, h i e u ro a m m U u , t h u doan cua d u n g g i a o due quo'c p h o n g l a n h i i n g c a n e i i de d a n h g i a k e t h u . . . . d o n g t h d i d o i h o i p h a i eo s i i t o n g k e t t h i i c t i i n s i i d o i m d i g i a o due quoc p h o n g t r o n g he t h o ' n g g i a o due giao due quoc p h o n g m o t each k h o a hoc. quo'c g i a . K h i n h i e m v u bao ve T o quo'c x a h o i c h u n g h i a c6 Ngoai ra, " t i n h md" trong chiidng t r i n h , noi dung; p h a t t r i e n m 6 i ve n o i d u n g t h i m u e t i e u , y e u c a u g i a o due v a t h U d n g x u y e n d o i m d i n o i d u n g , h i n h t h i i c hoc bo t r d quo'c p h o n g t r o n g he t h o n g g i a o due quo'c d a n c i i n g p h a i la mot noi d u n g , m o t can cii d a n h gia k e t qua doi m d i diidc xac d i n h l a i cho phCi h d p , n e u k h o n g se r d i vao lac g i a o due q u o c p h o n g t r o n g he t h o ' n g g i a o due quo'c g i a h a u , bao t h u , t r i t r e . hien nay. Xac d i n h muc t i e u , y e u c a u g i a o d u e quo'c phong 2. D o i m d i e a c h thxic t o chile giao due quoe cho t v t n g d o i t i f d n g p h a i x u a t p h a t t\i c h i i e n a n g x a h o i p h o n g : D o i m d i each t h i i c t o chijfc g i a o due quoc p h o n g l a 138 m
  13. quan sU lam t h a m miJu va chi dao trUe tiep vdi sxl t h a m mot trong nhuing can cd giU vai tro quan trong trong gia eiia cac to chiie va doan the chinh t r i - xa hoi trong danh gia doi m6i giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao giao due quoc phong la can eCf danh gia doi mdi giao due due quoc gia hien nay. N h i i n g can cvi danh gia chu yeu: quoc phong trong he thong giao due quoc dan hien nay. Thi2 nhat, doi mdi cd che quan ly, dieu hdnh giao due Cac tang Idp nhan dan la doi tUdng cua giao due quoc quoc phong. Su phan cap quan ly he thong giao due quoc phong theo quan niem giao due quoc phong toan dan; dong dan hien nay la: cac bo, ban, nganh quan ly eong tac giao thdi sU t h a m gia cua dong dao cac tang 16p nhan dan cung due quoc phong cua cac ban, bo, nganh m i n h . Day la mot la mot can ciL danh gia doi mdi giao due quoc phong trong yeu to chi phoi cd che quan ly giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due quoc gia, nhat la giao due quoc phong he thong giao due quoc gia d niide ta. ThUe te do doi hoi cho hoc sinh, sinh vien. phai CO su phoi hdp dong bo giuta cac bo, ban, nganh tOf T r u n g Udng den cd sci trong to chiic giao due quoc phong Thi2 hai, doi mdi hinh thi2c to chtic giao due quoc cho cac doi tUdng trong he thong giao due quoc gia. Cd che phong cho ede doi tMng. Theo cac quy d i n h hien h a n h , phoi hdp giCta cac bo: Bo Quoc phong. Bo Giao due va Dao giao due quoc phong cho hoc sinh, sinh vien dudc to chiic tao, Bo Lao dong - ThUdng b i n h va Xa hoi, Bo Tai chinh,... theo h i n h thCte hoc r a i hoac hoc tap t r u n g , hoc t a i trUdng trong lanh dao, chi dao va to chiie thUe hien giao due quoc va hoc t a i cac t r u n g t a m giao due quoc phong. V a n de dat phong la mot can cd de danh gia doi mdi giao due quoc ra la, can danh gia dung n h i i n g l i u , khuyet diem cua phong trong he thong giao due quoc dan hien nay. tifng h i n h thiic de cai t i e n each thiic to ehiie cho phia hdp v6i doi tUdng va dem l a i hieu qua. Sau k h i ra quyet d i n h t h a n h lap H o i dong Giao due quoc phong T r u n g ildng, cac nam 2003, 2004, T h u tiidng Doi mdi h i n h thiic giao due quoc phong doi hoi phai C h i n h p h u da ra quyet d i n h t h a n h lap H o i dong Giao due thue hien nghiem chinh cac quy d i n h ve h i n h thiic day quoc phong cap t i n h , huyen va cap quan k h u n h i m phoi hoe hien nay; dong thdi n h a n h chong ap dung cac phUdng hdp va chi dao thong nhat giiia cac cd quan va cac doan phap day hoe hien dai vao day va hoc mon giao due quoc the ve eong tac giao due quoc phong. V i vay, da danh gia phong. Ap dung phudng phap day hoc hien dai vao day diidc viec thvfe hien quyen han, nhiem v u ctia Hoi dong hoe la mot t i e u chi danh gia ket qua doi mdi giao due Giao due quoc phong, sii phoi hdp cua Hoi dong Giao due quoc phong hien nay. quoc phong vdi cac cd sd giao due, dao tao t r o n g giang day Thi2 ba, dieu kien bdo dam eho giao due quoc phong: mon hoe giao due quoc phong. Sa van h a n h cua cd che: giao vien, can bq quan ly, sdn bdi, dung eu hoe tap. Doi ea'p uy dang l a n h dao, c h i n h quyen dieu h a n h , cd quan ngu giao vien g i i i vai tro quyet d i n h chat lifdng day hoc. 140
  14. Danh gia ket qua doi mdi giao due quoc phong phai tap quoc phong cho hoc sinh. Ket qua t h a n h lap cac cau lac t r u n g lam ro so liidng, chat lUdng nhiJng ngUdi triJc tiep bo va hoat dong cua chung cung h i n h thiic tro chdi CLUO'C t h a m gia giao due quoc phong, n h a t la doi ngu giao vien phong d mot s o ' t r u n g t a m giao due quoc phong... la mot giao due quoc phong. Noi dung danh gia chu yeu: 1) So' noi dung danh gia ket qua doi mdi giao due quoc phong lUdng giao vien so v6i yeu cau giang day giao due quoc trong he thong giao due quo'e gia hien nay. phong trong he thong giao due quoc gia hien nay; 2 ) Chat V6i mon hoc giao due quo'e phong, bao dam ve san bai, lUdng doi ngu giao vien so v6i yeu cau giao due cho t i i n g thao trifdng la mot yeu cau bat buoc phai dUde thue hien, doi tUdng. ^ neu khong se khong the trien k h a i day va hoe dUdc (nhat Giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due quoc dan la v6i doi tifdng hoc sinh, sinh vien). Day cung la mot can c^n CO mot doi ngii nhijfng ngUdi lam cong tac quan ly. V i CTI de danh gia ket qua doi mdi giao due quo'e phong trong vay, so' liidng, chat lUdng doi ngu can bo quan ly giao due he tho'ng giao due quo'e gia hien nay. Noi dung cu the la: 1) quoc phong ciing la mot can cxi, mot noi dung danh gia ket D u san bai, thao triidng theo yeu cau giao due quoc phong qua doi mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he tho'ng giao due cho t i i n g doi tiidng; 2 ) San bai, thao trUdng phai dUde ket quoc dan hien nay. cau dap ling yeu cau day va hoc cua mon hoc; 3 ) San bai, D u n g eu hoc tap la mot yeu to' quan t r o n g tao nen thao trUdng c6 the dUdc sii dung vao cac muc dich quan chat litdng giao due quoc phong, la thudc do de do lUdng sU, quo'e phong k h i can thiet. ket qua doi mdi giao due quoc phong t r o n g he tho'ng giao Thii tU, doi mdi each thiic danh gia ket qua giao due due quoc gia. No dUde the hien d nhutng noi dung chil yeu quoc phbng. D a n h gia ket qua hoc tap la quy d i n h b^t sau: 1) So lUdng dung eu hoc tap du theo quy d i n h cho buoe doi vdi t a t ca cac mon hoc t r o n g nha trUdng. Bo day va hoc giao due quoc phong; 2 ) D u n g eu hoc tap luon Giao due va Dao tao da ban h a n h quy che t h i , k i e m t r a dUdc cai tien, hoan t h i e n ve so' va chat lUdng va md rong danh gia k e t qua hoc t a p . Cae nha t r i l d n g can eii vao chung loai theo yeu cau giao due; 3 ) T i n h hien dai, hiJu quy d i n h nay de to chiic danh gia k e t qua hoc tap cua ich cua dung eu hoc tap. ngiidi hoc. X u hiidng chung t r o n g giao due quoc phong d nxidc ta T r o n g qua t r i n h to chiic day hoc, ngoai viec t u a n hien nay la dua eac noi dung giao due quoc phong vao cae t h u cac quy d i n h chung, cung can c6 each t h i i c d a n h tro chdi, vao noi dung sinh hoat cac cau lac bo, eac t r u n g gia k e t qua hoc tap cua txing mon hoc; dieu nay t u y tarn giao due quoc phong. H i e n nay, mot so' t r i i d n g hoc da thuoc vao muc t i e u , yeu c^u cua tijfng bac hoe, cap hoc s\i dung h i n h thile t r o chdi quoc phong de bo t r d giao due va khoa hoc. 142 143
  15. Cung v6i viec t u a n t h i i quy d i n h ve viec danh gia ket cao k i e n thiic, k y xao quo'c phong, quan sU cua cae doi qua hoc tap, can tap t r u n g nghien ciiu de cai tien, hoan ; tUdng diide giao due quo'c phong. H i e u qua giao due quo'c chinh each thiic t h i , k i e m t r a nh^m danh gia dung ket phong la mot can cii quan t r o n g t r o n g danh gia doi mdi qua hoc tap mon giao due quoc phong doi vcti ngxibi hoc. giao due quo'c phong t r o n g he tho'ng giao due quoc gia. Nghien ciiu bo sung, hoan t h i e n quy t r i n h t h i , k i e m t r a H i e u qua giao due quo'c phong t r o n g he tho'ng giao danh gia ket qua mon hoc giao due quoc phong doi vdi 'due quo'c dan the h i e n trudc het ci y thiic quoc phong t i i n g bac hoc la mot doi hoi khach quan hien nay va la cua cdc doi tiCang diidc giao due, tap t r u n g vao cae noi mot can cii de danh gia viec doi mdi giao due quoc phong d u n g chu yeu: 1) N h a n t h i i c ve d i i d n g 16'i bao ve To trong he thong giao due quoc gia. quo'c xa h o i chu n g h i a , dUdng 16'i xay d i i n g nen qu6'e Tom l a i , de d a n h gia d u n g k e t qua doi mdi giao due phong toan dan cua Dang; 2) N h a n t h i i c ve am m i i u , quoc phong t r o n g he t h o n g giao due quoc d a n h i e n nay : t h u doan cua cac the liic t h u dich d6'i vdi dat nUde t a ; 3) p h a i doi mdi each t h i i c to chiic giao due quoc phong N h a n t h i i c ve quan diem k e t hdp k i n h te, xa h o i , v a n t r e n cae noi d u n g chu yeu: doi mdi ed che to chiie, quan hoa, ngoai giao vdi qu6'c phong, an n i n h ; 4) N h a n thiie ly giao due quoc phong; doi m d i dieu k i e n bao dam cho ve t r u y e n tho'ng eh6'ng giac ngoai x a m cua dan toe, cua giao due quoc phong; doi m6i each d a n h gia k e t qua dia p h i i d n g , k h 6 n g n g i i n g n a n g cao t i n h t h a n yeu nu:6c giao due quoc phong. xa h o i chu n g h i a ; 5) Co t h a i do d i i n g va c6 t i n h t h i n t r a c h n h i e m cao d6'i vdi sii nghiep cung e6' qu6'c phong, I l l - T I N H H I E U QUA CUA GIAO DUG QUOG P H O N G TRONG bao ve To qu6'c. H E T H O N G GIAO DUG QUOC D A N Y thiic qu6'c phong, k i e n thilc qu6'c phong, k y n a n g q u a n s\l can t h i e t cho t i i n g d6'i tUdng ngUdi hoe va d i n h D a n h gia h i e u qua giao due quoc phong trifctc het h i i d n g cho ngiidi hoc vSn d u n g k i e n thiic, k y nang do the h i e n c) con so thong ke ve giao due quoc phong: so vao qua t r i n h thUc h i e n tvTng eiidng v i c6ng tac sSn sang liiOng lUdt ngUdi, t h d i gian, k e t qua t h i , k i e m t r a , . . . N h U n h a n va hoan t h a n h n h i e m v u qu6'c phong, bao ve To vay, so' l i e u thong ke k e t qua giao due quoc phong la mot qu6'e la mot can cii de danh gia h i e u qua giao due quo'c can c\JL de d a n h gia k e t qua doi m6i giao due quoc phong phong h i e n nay. h i e n nay. T6m l a i , doi mdi giao due qu6'c phong la xu hiidng Doi mdi giao due quo'c phong phai dUde the hien ci t a t yeu khach quan, phCi hdp v6i yeu cau, n h i e m v u xay t i n h hieu qua, d viec nang cao y thiic quoc phong va nang d i i n g nen quoc phong toan dan va bao ve To quo'c V i e t 144 145
  16. N a m xa hoi chu nghia. Do vay, doi m6i giao due quoc "cai doi m a i " doi hoi phai "phan tich cu the, cac t i n h h i n h phong p h a i t u a n theo nhCtng van de c6 t i n h quy l u a t . cu the". Can c6 phiidng phap khoa hoc trong nhan xet, p h u thuoc vao cac dieu k i e n khach quan va cac n h a n to' danh gia ket qua doi m6i giao due quoc phong t r o n g he thong giao due quoc gia cho phCi hdp. Co n h u v^y, doi mdi chu quan, trU6c het la p h u thuoc vao quan diem, dildng giao due quoc phong trong he thong giao due quoc gia m6i loi c^a Dang, phap l u a t cua Nha nif6c, nhutng quy d i n h dat chat liidng, hieu qua cao. cua Bo Quoc phong, Bo Giao due va Dao tao ve giao due quoc phong; h a i la, p h u thuoc vao van dong, d i i n bien cua am m\iu t h i i doan giao due quoc phong t r o n g l i c h sii dan toe V i e t N a m va cua Dang ta; ba la, p h u thuoc vao t i n h chu dong, t i c h ciJc ciia ehu the t h a m gia giao due quoc phong; bon la, p h u thuoc vao qua t r i n h h i e n dai hoa phUdng t i e n , dau tU cd sci vat chat, t r a n g b i bao dam cho day va hoc... De d a n h gia d u n g va c6 nhutng n h a n d i n h , k e t l u a n e h i n h xac k e t qua doi m d i giao due quoc phong t r o n g he t h o n g giao due quoc gia can p h a i doi m6i tU duy ve giao due quoc phong, txic la doi m d i each n h i n n h a n ve v i t r i , v a i t r o va y n g h i a etia giao due quoc phong; xac d i n h muc t i e u , yeu c^u, n h i e m v u giao due quoc phong p h u hdp v6i tijfng do'i tUdng giao due; doi m6i ehUdng t r i n h , noi d u n g giao due quoc phong; doi mdi cd che quan ly, dieu h a n h , h i n h t h i i c to ehvie giao due, dieu k i e n bao dam giao due quoc phong: can bo, giao vien, san bai, d u n g cu hoc tap, each thiie d a n h gia ket qua giao due quoc phong. Nhutng can eii danh gia ket qua doi m6i giao due quoc phong khong bat bien ma luon van dong, bien doi. V i vay, k h i ap dung vao thtfc t i l n de danh gia va t i m ra nhutng 146
  17. i l d n g do'i v d i cong tac giao due quoc p h o n g ; c u n g nhii nhufng d i e u k i e n bao d a m cho cong tac giao due quoc p h o n g ' . T L T t U d n g "giao due quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h l a bo p h a n cua n e n giao due quoc dan"^ k h o n g e h i d n h a n thijfc m a da t r d t h a n h b o a t d o n g c u t h e t r o n g thUc t i l n . D o l a sU Chuang4 p h a t t r i e n m d i r a t q u a n t r o n g t r o n g t\i d u y c i i a D a n g ve BIEU HIEN TRONG THl/C T I ^ N giao due quoc p h o n g t h d i k y d o i m d i . D e n n a y , t h a n h t i J u Tir DUY L Y LUAN C U A DANG TA V E d a t dUde ve d o i m d i g i a ^ due quoc p h o n g t h e h i e n r o : D O I MCll G I A O D U G Q U O C P H O N G - He thong van ban ve Idnh dao, ehi dao, gido trinh, tdi lieu bao dam cho cong tdc gido due quoc phbng - an ninh ngay edng tot han. T i f n a m 1991 den n a m 2008, 1- T O N G Q U A N V E T I N H H I N H . V A K E T Q U A eong tac g i a o due quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h d a c6 bade p h a t GIAO D U G QUOC PHONG C H O CAC D O IT U O N G TRONG t r i e n m d i ve c h a t . H e t h o n g v a n b a n ve g i a o due quoc H E T H O N G G l A O DUG Q U O C D A N H I E N N A Y p h o n g - a n n i n h dUdc b a n h a n h d a y d u , d o n g bo. D e n nay, Bo Q u o c p h o n g p h o i h d p v d i Bo C o n g a n , Bo G i a o S a u k h i CO C h i t h i 6 2 - C T / T W c u a B o C h i n h t r i n g a y due v a D a o t a o v a cac bo, n g a n h l i e n q u a n da to chute 12-2-2001 ( n a y c h i n h s i i a l a i l a C h i t h i so 1 2 - C T / T W n g a y b i e n soan v a b a n h a n h , h o a n c h i n h he t h o n g ehiJdng 03-5-2007 ve Tang ciCbng sit Idnh dao cua Dang doi vdi cong tdc gido due quoc phbng, an ninh trong tinh hinh t r i n h , g i a o t r i n h , t a i l i e u g i a o due quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h , mdi), C h i n h p h u da r a N g h i d i n h so 1 5 / 2 0 0 1 / N D - C P ( n a y boi d i i d n g k i e n t h i i e quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h d a t c h a t l U d n g c h i n h svfa l a i l a N g h i d i n h so 1 1 6 / 2 0 0 7 / N D - C P n g a y 10-7- t o t , phOi h d p v d i t i f n g d o i t U d n g . 2007 ve Gido due quoc phbng - an ninh), N g h i d i n h cua - Boi dudng kien thi2c quoc phbng, an ninh cho can C h i n h p h u da xac d i n h r o d o i t U d n g , n o i d u n g , t h d i g i a n . bg chu chot cdc cap, cdc nganh, chiic sac, nhd tu hanh, to chiic v a p h U d n g p h a p giao due quoc p h o n g ; m o i do'i t u d n g CO y e u c i u , n o i d u n g v a p h i i d n g p h a p c u t h e r i e n g . 1. B6 Tong tham miiu - Cue D a n quan tU ve: Cdc van ban cua D o n g t h d i , N g h i d i n h cua C h i n h p h u c u n g xac d i n h c u t h e Dang, Nhd niCdc, Chinh phu ve gido due quoc phbng, Nxb. Q u a n doi t r a c h n h i e m c u a cac bo, cd q u a n n g a n g bo, cd q u a n trUc n h a n dan, H a Noi, 2002, tr.28-52. t h u o c C h i n h p h u v a cac t i n h , t h a n h pho' trUc t h u o c T r u n g 2. Bo Tong t h a m mUu - Cue D a n quan tit ve: Cdc van ban cua Dang, Nhd niidc, Chinh phu ve gido due quoc phbng, Sdd, tr.27. 148 149
  18. CO nhieu tien ho. T h o n g q u a cac p h U d n g t i e n t h o n g t i n d a i chitc viec cdc ton gido dd di vdo nen nep, dat chat liCOng c h i i n g , cap u y , c h i n h q u y e n cac cap da q u a n t a m l a n h tot. ThiJc h i e n C h i t h i so 1 2 - C T / T W c u a B o C h i n h t r i , dao, e h i dao, d ^ u t\i p h U d n g t i e n , n g a n s a c h , d o i m 6 i n o i l a n h dao cac cap, cac n g a n h d a c h a p h a n h n g h i e m t i i c dung, h i n h thiic, phadng phap tuyen truyen. H o i dong v i e c c\i c a n bo t h e o hoc cac 16p g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n G i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h T r u n g l i d n g v a H g i d o n g n i n h , b o i dvfdng k i e n t h i i c q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h t h e o q u y G i a o due quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h n h i e u d i a p h i i d n g da d i n h . Da c b i e t , c o n g t a c g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h , t h a m m i i u cho C h i n h p h u , cap uy, uy ban nhan dan b o i d u d n g k i e n t h i l c q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h cho c h i i c sac, Cling cap t o c h i i c b o i d i J d n g k i e n t h i i c q u o c p h o n g - a n n h a t u h a n h , c h i i c v i e c cac ton giao, gia lang, t r U d n g n i n h cho n h i i n g c a n bg, p h o n g v i e n bao, d a i , bao cao b a n cl cac cd sci v u n g s a u , v u n g x a t r o n g n h i i n g n a m qua v i e n de d i n h h i i 6 n g n g i d u n g t r o n g c o n g t a c t h o n g t i n luon dildc cac d i a p h U d n g q u a n t a m l a n h dao, c h i dao t u y e n t r u y e n , do do c o n g t a c g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n t h i i c h i e n t i c h ciic, d a t h i e u q u a cao, gop phan quan n i n h cho toan dan dat ket qua t o t . so' l i i d n g t i n , b a i t r o n g gia vufng a n n i n h c h i n h t r i , t r ^ t t U a n t o a n x a h o i t a n g , n g i d u n g t h i e t thiJc, de h i e u , p h i i h d p v 6 i t i i n g d o i ci n h i J n g d i a p h u t d n g c6 d o n g d o n g bao t h e o dao v a d o n g t U d n g , tCfng vCing m i e n . bao d a n toe i t n g U d i . f - To chiic xay dUng thiet cheve gido due quoc phong - - Gido due quoc phong, an ninh trong he thong gido an ninh eo nen nep, c6 quy che chat che. De l a m t h a m due quoc dan vd cdc tri/dng chinh tri, hanh chinh, dodn m U u v a t i l v a n cho l a n h dao, c h i n h q u y e n , n g U d i c h i b u y the. Cac t r U d n g c h i n h t r i , h a n h c h i n h , d o a n t h e , d a i hoc, cac cap c h i dao c o n g t a c g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h , cao d i n g , t r u n g hoc c h u y e n n g h i e p , t r u n g hoc d a y n g h e , b o i dUdng k i e n t h i i c quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h , den n a y H g i t r u n g hoc p h o t h o n g thUc h i e n n g h i e m t i i c chUdng trinh d o n g G i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h tCf T r u n g U d n g d e n m o n hoc giao due quoc p h o n g - a n n i n h cho c a n bo, hoc cap q u a n k h u , cap t i n h , cap h u y e n d a d i i d c t h a n h l a p , s i n h , s i n h v i e n t h e o cac q u y e t d i n h cua B o G i a o due v a n h i e u h g i d o n g g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h b o a t d o n g Dao tao. Bo Lao dong - ThUdng b i n h v a X a hoi. Hoc v i e n H a n h CO n e n n e p , c6 q u y che c h a t che, p h a t b u y dUdc t r a c h c h i n h quoc gia. Hoc v i e n C h i n h t r i quoc gia H o C h i M i n h ( n a y n h i e m c u a cac b a n , n g a n h , d o a n t h e t r o n g p h o i h d p t h i i e l a Hoc v i e n H a n h c h i n h - C h i n h t r i quoc g i a H o Chi h i e n c o n g t a c g i a o due q u o c p h o n g - a n n i n h . M i n h ) . T h o n g q u a hoe t a p , n h a n t h i i c ve n h i e m v u bao ve D e n n a y , t r o n g ca nudc da t h a n h l a p 16 t r u n g t a m T o quoc c i i a cac d o i tutdng c a n bg, hoc s i n h , s i n h v i e n dUdc giao due quoc p h o n g - an n i n h theo Quyet dinh so' nang len. 0 7 / 2 0 0 3 / Q D - T T g n g a y 9-1-2003 cua T h v i t u 6 n g C h i n h p h u . - Cong tdc gido due quoc phong - an ninh todn dan 150
  19. Da tham mUu cho Hoi dong Giao due quoc phong - an n i n h I I - B I E U H I E N C U T H E T l / D U Y L Y L U A N CUA D A N G TA eung cap to chufc kiem tra viec thiJc hien cong tae giao due TRONG T H V C T l f i N GIAO DUG QUOC PHONG H I E N N A Y quoc phong - an n i n h cua cac dia phUdng. Tuy nhien, trong 1. T i n h hinh giao due quoc phong trong cac qua t r i n h doi mdi giao due quoc phong, chung ta v i n eon mkc phai mot so'han che, thieu sot: triicfng t r u n g hoc pho t h o n g - M o t so' bo, n g a n h , dia phUdng q u a n t r i e t cac van Giao due quoc phong cho hoe s i n h c6 mot v i t r i r a t b a n l a n h dao, c h i dao c u a D a n g , N h a nu6c ve giao due quan trong trong chien liide xay dUng nen quoc phong quoc p h o n g - an n i n h chiia s a u s a c , n h a n thiic v i t r i toan dan, bao ve To quoc eiia Dang va Nha nxidc ta. cong tae giao due quoc p h o n g - an n i n h c h U a day d i i n e n Theo quy d i n h ciia C h i n h phu, Bo Quoc phong va Bo c h i i a de cao t r a c h n h i e m t r o n g l a n h dao, c h i dao thilc Giao due va Dao tao chiu trach n h i e m c h i n h ve cong tac h i e n cong tac giao due quoc phong - an n i n h , do do k e t giao due quoc phong trong cac triJdng t r u n g hoc pho thong. q u a con h a n ehe. T r o n g n h i i n g nam gan day, Bo Quoc phong, Bo Giao - Cha't lUdng mon hoe giao due quoc phong - an n i n h due va Dao tao, trUe tiep la cac Sci Giao due va Dao tao. trong hoc s i n h , s i n h v i e n con thap, viec to chile hoc tap ci Bo Chi buy quan s\l cac t i n h , t h a n h da thiic hien to't chile nhieu ndi thieu chat ehe, chiia coi mon hoc giao due quoc nang quan ly nha niidc ve giao due quoc phong t r o n g cac phong - an n i n h la mon hoe ehinh khoa trong ehiidng trinh trUdng t r u n g hoc pho thong. M o t so' trUdng ehu dong phoi dao tao, vi vay viec thiic hien cac giai phap trong day, hoc va hdp v6i eac ddn v i quan doi dong quan t r e n dia ban dam kiem t r a de nang cao chat liidng mon hoc giao due quoc n h i e m cong tac giao due quoc phong cho hoc sinh. Si/ phong - an n i n h ehua tich evic, ket qua hoc tap va n h a n thCfc phoi ket hdp gitta cdc trUdng trung hoc pho thong vd cd trach nhiem doi vdi mon hoe giao due quoc phong - an n i n h quan quan sU quan, huyen, thi xd, cdc ddn vi quan doi chUa cao. dong quan d dia phUdng da dUdc thUc hien tiidng doi tot, - Cac thiet che bao dam cho giao due quoc phong - an do la mot t r o n g n h i i n g diem noi bat t r o n g cd ehe to ehvic n i n h ehua dong bo, he thong t r u n g t a m giao due quoc giao due t r o n g cac trUdng t r u n g hoc pho thong n h i i n g phong - an n i n h , cac c a u lac bo giao due quoc phong - an nam vCfa qua. n i n h , giao v i e n c h u y e n sau day mon giao due quoc phong - Tuy nhien, viec thiic hien ehiic nang quan ly nha niidc an n i n h d cac trUdng: dai hoe, cao dang, t r u n g hoe c h u y e n ciia mot so' Sd Giao due va Dao tao, Bo Chi buy quan siJ nghiep, t r u n g hoe day nghe eon t h i e u n h i e u , chUa dap l i n g t i n h , t h a n h chUa thUe hien nen nep, hieu qua; vai tro cua y e u e a u ea ve so' lutdng va c h a t lUdng. 152
  20. mot so Hoi dong Giao due quoc phong t i n h , t h a n h , quan, phong". Day la mot t r d ngai c^n p h a i vUdt qua, bdi v i huyen, t h i xa doi v6i giao due quoc phong trong trUdng chiing ta dang t h i e u giao vien giao due quoc phong da t r u n g hoc pho thong chiia dUde de cao. L a n h dao mot s o diide ehuan hoa va chua c6 mo h i n h phong hoe giao due trifdng t r u n g hoc pho thong ehUa thvfc sii coi trong mon quoc phong t h o n g n h a t t r o n g c i niidc. hoe giao due quoc phong la mon hoc chinh khoa, to ehiic Ve chuang trinh, noi dung, phiicfng phdp giao due quoc hoe tap mon hoc giao due quoc phong chUa chat che, chUa phong. H i e n nay, chUdng t r i n h , noi dung giao due quoc tuan t h u dung cac quy d i n h hien hanh. phong da c6 nhieu cai tien phCi hdp vdi yeu cau nhiem vu Ve hinh thiic to chiic giao due quoc phong: D a i da so' ^xay dung va bao ve To quoc, p h i i hdp v6i liia tuoi hoc sinh cac triidng t r u n g hoe pho thong to chiic giao due quoc , t r u n g hoc pho thong. ChUdng t r i n h , noi dung giao due quoc phong cho hoc sinh theo h i n h thOtc tap t r u n g mot t u ^ n vao , phong da tap t r u n g vao viec nang cao y thiic quoc phong, dku nam hoe hoac cuoi hoc ky 1; mot so'trUdng ket hdp hoc bao ve To quoc va trang hi kien thvic, ky nang quan sii can r a i v6i hoc tap t r u n g (hoc tap t r u n g phan quan sii). H i e n thiet cho hoc sinh. Song, can xay dUng chiidng t r i n h mang nay, cac trUdng to chiic hoc r a i trong ca nam hoc, h a i tiet t i n h "mci" de c6 the lien tue bo sung nhiing noi dung mdi ve trong mot t u a n con chiia nhieu. t i n h h i n h k i n h te, chinh t r i , xa hoi, quoc phong, an ninh cl ThUc te chi ra r ^ n g , viec to ehiic hoc tap tap t r u n g dia phUdng vao bai giang va giao t r i n h giao due quoc phong cho phep khae phuc nhiJng kho k h a n hien t a i ve giao cho phii hdp; dong thdi bo sung cac noi dung mdi ve giao vien, tao dieu k i e n to ehiic toan trUdng theo mo h i n h due truyen thong, lich sii, khdi gdi t i n h than yeu nxidc, long eua mot ddn v i quan doi (cap t r u n g doan), giup hoc s i n h t u hao dan toe, t i n h yeu que hUdng, dat nii6e, yeu che' do xa CO bieu t i i d n g ve to chiic quan s\i; c6 dieu k i e n to ehiic hoi chu nghia cho ngUdi hoc. hoi thao quan s i i , tao b^u k h o n g k h i s i n h hoat quan sU t r o n g nha t r i i d n g va k h i the t h i dua soi noi t r o n g hoe H i e n nay, trong to ehiic thiic hien ehiidng t r i n h giao s i n h . Song, so sanh giiia hoe tap t r u n g vdi hoe r a i t h i due quoc phong, nhieu triJdng ehi tap t r u n g vao t r a n g bi hoc r a i c6 n h i e u l i u diem, t i e t k i e m diWc chi p h i , p h u kien thiic quan siJ, tap luyen cac dong tac sii dung vu k h i hdp vdi dieu k i e n bao dam v i i k h i quan dung, t r a n g quan dung va chien t h u a t , hoi thao dieu lenh, ehUa chii t h i e t b i va san bai h a n hep cua cae nha t r i i d n g h i e n nay. trong gi6i thieu mot so' hieu biet ve quan doi, ve phong t h i i T u y n h i e n , de hoc r a i p h a i on d i n h bien che giao vien, dan sU. M o t so' can bo, giao vien trong cac triidng v i n giC! m6i trUdng p h a i eo to bo mon giao due quoc phong va quan niem giao due quoc phong la "huan luyen quan sii p h a i CO phong hoc ehuyen dung: "Phong Giao due quoc pho thong cho hoe sinh" nhU triidc day nen khong t h a t chii 154 155
nguon tai.lieu . vn