Ebook The essentials of statistics - A tool for social research (2nd edition): Part 1

FREQUENTLY USED FORMULAS CHAPTER 2 Proportion p = __ Percentage % = (__)× 100 CHAPTER 4 Mean X = ______ CHAPTER 5 Standard deviation ___________ 2 s = ___________ CHAPTER 6 Z scores Z = _______ CHAPTER 7 Confidence interval for a sample mean c.i. = X Z ________ Confidence interval for a sample proportion __________ c.i. = P s ± Z __________ CHAPTER 8 Means Z(obtained) = __________ Proportions Z(obtained) = ______________ u u CHAPTER 9 Means Standard deviation of the sampling distribution for sample means ________________ 2 _______ _______ x −x 1 2 Pooled estimate of population proportion ____________ u 1 2 Standard deviation of the sampling distribution for sample proportions __________ ______________ p − p = Pu(1 − P u ) (N1 + N 2 )/N1N 2 Proportions Z(obtained) = __________ p − p CHAPTER 10 Total sum of squares SST = ∑X 2 − N X 2 Sum of squares between SSB = ∑N k(X k − X )2 Sum of squares within SSW = SST − SSB Degrees of freedom for SSW dfw = N − k Degrees of freedom for SSB dfb = k − 1 Mean square within MSW = ____ Mean square between MSB = ____ F ratio Z(obtained) = ________ x − x F = _____ (continued on inside back cover) The Essentials of STATISTICS A Tool for Social Research Second Edition Joseph F. Healey Christopher Newport University Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States The Essentials of Statistics: A Tool for Social Research, Second Edition Joseph F. Healey Acquisitions Editor: Chris Caldeira Assistant Editor: Erin Parkins Editorial Assistant: Rachael Krapf Technology Project Manager: Lauren Keyes Marketing Manager: Kim Russell Marketing Assistant: Jillian Myers Marketing Communications Manager: Martha Pfeiffer Project Manager, Editorial Production: Cheri Palmer Creative Director: Rob Hugel Art Director: Caryl Gorska Print Buyer: Linda Hsu Permissions Editor: Bob Kauser Production Service: Teri Hyde Copy Editor: Jane Loftus Illustrator: Lotus Art Cover Designer: RHDG Cover Image: © istock.com Compositor: Macmillan Publishing Solutions © 2010, 2007 Wadsworth, Cengage Learning ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, Web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the publisher. For product information and technology assistance, contact us at Cengage Learning Customer & Sales Support, 1-800-354-9706. For permission to use material from this text or product, submit all requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions. Further permissions questions can be e-mailed to permissionrequest@cengage.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2008940409 Student Edition: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60143-2 ISBN-10: 0-495-60143-8 Wadsworth 10 Davis Drive Belmont, CA 94002-3098 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe, including Singapore, the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico, Brazil, and Japan. Locate your local office at: www.cengage.com/international. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/wadsworth Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.ichapters.com. Printed in Canada 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 12 11 10 09 Brief Contents Preface / xv Chapter 1 PART I Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Prologue: Basic Mathematics Review / 1 Introduction / 9 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS Basic Descriptive Statistics: Percentages, Ratios and Rates, Frequency Distributions / 30 Charts and Graphs / 59 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Measures of Central Tendency / 85 Measures of Dispersion / 105 The Normal Curve / 127 PART II Chapter 7 Chapter 8 INFERENTIAL STATISTICS Introduction to Inferential Statistics, the Sampling Distribution, and Estimation / 146 Hypothesis Testing I: The One-Sample Case / 177 Chapter 9 Hypothesis Testing II: The Two-Sample Case / 206 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Hypothesis Testing III: The Analysis of Variance / 232 Hypothesis Testing IV: Chi Square / 256 ... - tailieumienphi.vn