Ebook Phòng, chống tự diễn biến tự chuyển hóa trong cán bộ, đảng viên hiện nay: Phần 2

ciia " d i l n bien hoa binh" c6 ket hdp v6i yeu to bao loan, lat do cung dufdc chii nghia de quoc thuc hien thanh cong d mot loat
nxXdc. Nhin nhan khai quat ve cuoc bao loan, lat do d mot so'
nvf6c, CO the thay, mac dii c6 nhiJng diem khong giong nhau,

" D I E N B I E N HOA B I N H " VA "TlT D I E N B I E N "
T R O N G BOI CANH H I E N NAY
P G S . T S . V A N DirC T H A N H *

nhUng "each mang difdng pho", "each mang nhung", "each mang
da cam"... chi la nhiing ten goi khac nhau de chi mot san pham
"sang tao" ciia chii nghia de quoc: cong nghe gldnh chinh quyen
thong qua bieu tinh. Thiic chat, day la nhiing cuoc dao chinh lat
do chinh quyen theo kieu diing "bao liCc diidng pho\c biet
nguy hiem k h i quan chiing bi kich dong bdi nhiing trung tam
quyen liic t i i ben ngoai luon r^p tam "due nii6c beo c6".

Cuo'i the ky XX, nhan loai phai giat minh canh tinh trxidc ba

Sau k h i Lien X6 va cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia Dong A u sup

nguy cd 16n: mot Id, chien tranh cong nghe cao do chii nghia de

do, chii nghia de quoc ciing cac the liic phan dong quoc te se

quoc tien hanh, v6i bo mat "chien tranh sach" nhUng d^ng sau

diing moi thii doan, ke ca man kich "each mang nhung" de

la hiem hoa hdn tat ca cac hiem hoa trxXdc; hai Id, "dien bien

chong pha cac niidc xa hoi chii nghia con lai, trong do c6 Viet

hod binh" cung ciia chu nghia de quoc, cai cong cu da lam tan ra

Nam. Tren thiic te, da c6 nhiing dau hieu cho thay chiing ta can

nhiing cUdng quoc tijfng la thanh t r i ciia hoa binh va each mang

het silc canh giac nh^m chong lai am miiu, thii doan nguy hiem

the gi6i, dieu ma moi cuoc chien tan kho'c tru6c do ciia chii

nay ciia cac the liic thii dich, dac biet la giai quyet nhiing mat

nghia phat xit khong the lam noi; ba Id, "each mang sac mdu" -

trai chkc chkn se nay sinh trong qua t r i n h Viet Nam hoi nhap

sii cong sinh giOa "dien bien hoa binh" va bao loan chinh t r i -

nen kinh te the gi6i. "Dien bien hoa binh" dii la mot ke hoach

ma tac gia mot Ian niJa khong ai khac chinh la chii nghia de

rat cong phu ciia cac the liic thii dich nhifng ciing se khong c6

quoc, mot cong cu khac giai quyet not phan con lai cua chien

dat dien neu trong noi bo dat niidc ta khong xuat hien nhiing

tranh cong nghe cao va "dien bien hoa binh".
Co the thay ro rang la, chu nghia xa hoi ci Lien X6 sup do
khong phai do chien tranh xam lUdc ciia chii nghia de quoc ma

diem tiia thuan Idi cho chiing. Noi each khac, "dien bien hoa
binh" chi lam cong viec nhan niit ket thiic k h i qua t r i n h "tiC
dien bien" da chuan bi tien de day

du.

chinh do sU t r i tre ve kinh te - xa hoi ciing sai Mm ciia Dang va

De phong, chong "dien bien hoa binh" mot each c6 hieu qua,

Nha nu6c, va do chinh la that bai trif6c "dien bien hoa binh".

nhat la pha vd cac mam mong ciia " t i i dien bien", t h i triictc het

Tiep sau su sup do ciia Lien X6 la sii tan ra he thong xa hoi chii

phai CO sii nhan dien thoa dang ve phiidng dien ly luan. Ro

nghia d Dong Au, roi cdc cugc "each mang sac mdu' - mot di ban

rang, khong phai bat cii sii yeu kem nao trong ddi song xa hoi,
tham chi trong he thong chinh t r i va che do nha nxXdc, ciing deu

* V i e n K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n v a n q u a n sU, Bo Q u o c phong.

252

thuoc ve pham t r u "dien bien hoa binh". Doi v6i nxidc ta, noi den
253

"dien bien hoa binh" la noi den am mUu, thu doan tong the cua
chu nghia de quoc va cac the IvJc thu dich hong lam chuyen hoa
che do chinh tri cua ta tH ben trong ma khong can phai sii dung
den bao luc vu trang de can thiep. Ve thiic chat, neu chien
tranh la ke tuc cua chinh tri bSng thu doan bao Ixic vu trang
mang tinh nha nxidc thi "dien bien hoa binh" ciing chinh la ke
tuc cua chinh tri, nhUng bing thu doan phi bao Ivfc vii trang.
Chufa the coi tinh trang thoai hoa, bien chat song chUa dung
den che do chinh tri va nha nif6c la "dien bien hoa binh". Tuy
nhien, chinh s\i thoai hoa, bien chat ciia doi ngii lai la tien de,
mam mong ciia sii bien chat che do chinh tri, va no thuoc ve
pham trii "tvi dien bien". Thanh thii, "tii dien bien" luon chiia
diing noi ham rong hdn, va khi diidc day len den miic phd bien
thi chic chin se triic tiep dkn thing den lam bien chat che do
chinh tri. Nhin tong the thi c6 the thay am miiu, thu doan cua
cac the \\ic thu dich hong chuyen hod che do ta bang "dien bien
hod binh" la het silc nguy hiem, trong do nguy hiem nhd't Id
khai thdc nhQng mam mong vd khd ndng "tit dien bien" de
chuyen hoa ta ca ve chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa, xa hoi, dao diic,
loi song...
"Tu" diin bien" ve chinh tri la qua trinh ma che do chinh tri
tu "doi mau" do Dang hi suy yeu iii tinh trang suy thoai ve
chinh tri, t\i tUdng, dao diic, loi song, te tham nhiing va tieu
cue..., dac biet la to chiic bi tii phan hoa. Dang mat vai tro lanh
dao chinh quyen nha nxidc, dan den quan chung mat long tin,
nga theo "phe doi lap" v6i chieu bai "xa hoi dan chii", da nguyen
chinh tri, da dang doi lap; chu nghia xa hoi se bien dang,
chuyen hoa thanh chu nghia ixi ban. Ke ca trong trifdng hdp
Dang va Nha nxidc ta kien dinh chii nghia xa hoi, nhiing mot bo
phan can bo, dang vien bat man, thi cac the \xlc thu dich se hau
thuin, giup dd de ho tranh thu quan chung, hinh thanh "phe
254

doi lap", tao dvfng "ngon cd" thong qua dau tranh nghi trifdng,
gay siic ep tifng hxidc buoc ta nhudng bo, va cuoi cung d^n den
mat che do. Cac hinh thilc chuyen hoa nay la trxic tiep, nhifng
kho xay ra neu doi ngii can bo chii tri ciia Dang va Nha nMdc
viing manh, doan ket, luon canh giac dau tranh v6i cac thii
doan chia re ciia ke thii. Dieu do cang cho thay, chohg "di§n
bien hoa binh" phu thuoc rat 16n vao chong "tu dien bien".
"TiC dien bien" ve kinh te\k cd sd ha tang kinh te do nhiing
tri tre, yeu kem hoac sii de dai chap nhan "giiip dd" mot each v6
nguyen tac ma chuyen hoa thanh kinh te thi trifdng ixi ban chii
nghia, tif do che do chinh tri txi "doi mau". Su chuyen hoa nay
se dien ra neu mo hinh kinh te thi trUdng dinh hudng xa hoi
chii nghia cham phat huy tac dung, nen kinh te gap kho khan
16n, thanh phan kinh te nha nxidc khong giu! dUdc vai tro chii
dao, sU quan ly kinh te ciia Nha nif6c khong hieu qua. Cac the
lUc thu dich se thiic day kinh te thi triidng txi do phat trien theo
hxidng txi ban chii nghia, den mot giai doan nao do, khi sd hxiu
txi nhan txi ban chii nghia giii vai tro chi pho'i cd sd ha tang kinh
te, ve thiic chat da chuyen hoa thanh kinh te txi ban chii nghia,
thi kien triic thiidng tang xa hoi chii nghia chi con ton tai tren
danh nghia va thuc siJ da "doi mau". Tinh chat "txi diSn bien"
noi ro d cho ta mac nhiing sai lam, thieu sot trong quan ly kinh
te - xa hoi, hoac kinh te c6 tang trifdng nhiing le thuoc vao kinh
te txi ban; cong bang xa hoi bi cha dap, phan ciic xa hoi gay gat,
quan chiing nhan dan bat man, chong do'i. Qua trinh "tii dien
bien" nay cang nguy hiem trong dieu kien cac the liic thu dich
CO tiem liic kinh te manh hdn ta nhieu lin.
"Tit diin bien" ve xd hoi la qua trinh ma nhiing tac dong ciia
mat trai kinh te thi trifdng lam cho sxi phan hoa giau ngheo gia
tang, giiia cac giai cap va tang 16p xa hoi, nhat la nhan dan lao
dong noi chung, thieu sii gin bo mat thiet ve phiidng dien y
255

thiic va to chiic cong dong. Dieu do se lam nay sinh nhfing mau
thu&n xa hoi mdi rat phiic tap, neu Dang va Nha niidc cham c6
nhiJng giai phap thiet thiic, dong bo thi rat c6 the lam chuyen
hoa nhiing mau thuin xa hoi thanh mau thuan chinh tri, xay
ra nhiing bien dong bat on ve chinh tri ngay trong cac quan he
xa hoi. Cac cuoc khieu kien dong ngiidi di giai quyet nhiJng
chinh sach xa hoi ddn thuan la binh thiidng, song khi bi ke thu
Idi dung rat c6 the se chuyen hoa thanh cac cuoc bao loan chinh
tri khi cac the \\ic thu dich Idi dung lam bung no "diem nong"
gay bien dong, pha vd nen tang chinh tri ciia che do ta.
"Ti/ diSn bien" ve van hod - gido due - ddo tao the hien d sii
du nhap quan diem, t\i tUdng, van hoa, loi song, gia tri phifdng
Tay. Mot mat, cac the lUc thvi dich thong qua cac chiidng trinh
diia can bo ta ra nu6c ngoai hoc tap, nghien ciiu bang nhieu
nguon yon khac nhau, nhat la nguon tai trd nxidc ngoai, hong
tao ra mot "the he can bo than phifdng Tay", sau nay nim dan
cac ciidng vi trong yeu trong nen kinh te - xa hoi va tham chi
trong he thong chinh tri. Mat khac, thong qua viec hdp tac dao
tao tai Viet Nam, chiing ra siic truyen ba cac quan diem xa la
hong gat ho he ti/ tiidng cdch mang trong lap triidng cua giai
cap cong nhan ta. Ve linh wxLc van hoa ciing vay, siJ de cao qua
dang chuan mvic gia tri i\i san, ha thap gia tri cua chii nghia
xa hoi, do loi hoan toan cho che do chinh tri ve nhiing tieu ciic
trong ddi song van hoa - xa hoi, hien tUdng xuyen tac lich sii,
boi nho lanh tu, gieo rac sU hoai nghi, hoang mang trong nhan
dan, tham chi Idi dung cac phiJdng tien truyen thong de truyen
ba da nguyen chinh tri, da dang doi lap... ciing chinh la "tii
diln bien".
De day manh siJ nghiep dau tranh phong, chong "dien bien
hoa binh", ro rang triidc het can c6 "cd the xa hoi lanh manh",
trong do dac biet quan trong la xay diJng he thong chinh tri
25fi

thUdng xuyen viJng manh ve moi mat, trudc het la viing manh
ve chinh tri, tU tUcing va to chiic. Trudc het, can tap trung xay
ditng cac ca sd chinh tri uitng manh de du siic phong, chong
"dien bien hoa binh" ciia dich, nhat la chong lai nguy cd "til dien
bien". Thii hai, can c6 cac giai phap hieu qua de tang cUdng
cong tac giao due cho nhan dan, trong do giao due chinh tri
chiem vi tri cvfc ky quan trong. De chong lai thii doan tuyen
truyen kich dong "dien bien hoa binh" ciia dich, diit khoat phai
CO nhiing bien phap manh trong quan ly va phat huy hieu qua
he thong truyen thong. Thvt ba, can phat huy tinh chu dong,
sang tao cua ban than cac tang 16p nhan dan trong phong,
chong "tu dien bien". De thiic hien phong, chong "dien bien hoa
binh" ciing nhu phong, chong "tvT dien bien", can thay rang
phiidng cham quan trong nhat la phong hdn chong, giai quyet
cac bilc xuc, tieu cvTc xa hoi tii noi bo, khong de d&n den "diem
nong" Ian rong trong xa hoi ma ke thu c6 the Idi dung gay tinh
hinh phifc tap. Cac to chile xa hoi can gop phan tich ciic kip thdi
phat hien va dap tkt nhiing luan dieu chien tranh tam ly, tuyen
truyen xuyen tac cua dich. Dac biet, to chiic dang can n^m chae
tinh hinh ddi song, tam tii, nguyen vong va kien nghi cua nhan
dan, phat hien nhiing thieu sot trong thiic hien dUdng loi, chinh
sach cua Dang va Nha nu6c de giai quyet kip thdi.

257

Bao cao c h i n h t r i cua Ban Chap h a n h T r u n g Udng Dang khoa X
t a i D a i hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thiif X I cua Dang da n h a n m a n h :
trong noi bo, "nhi3ng bieu hien xa r d i muc t i e u cua chu nghia xa
hoi, "ttt dien bien", "txi chuyen hoa" c6 dien bien phiic t a p " ' .
N h i i vay, ci n\i6c t a hien nay, " t u dien bien", " t u chuyen hoa"

"TU* D I E N B I E N " , " T U " C H U Y E N H O A " Bl/OiC D A U N H A N D I E N
VA GIAI PHAP PHONG, CHONG
Thieu W6ng, P G S . T S . N G U Y E N V I N H T H A N G *

v6i cac

mijfc

do khac n h a u t r o n g noi bo, trifdc het l a t r o n g moi can

bo, dang vien la mot t h i i c te dang ton t a i , mot nguy c d c6 t h a t
dang h i e n hiSu t r o n g ddi song. V a n de dat r a la p h a i nghien c i i u
n h a n dang ve t i n h chat, noi dung, miic do, p h a m v i bieu hien,
nguyen n h a n ciia " t U dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" va dieu quan
t r o n g , cap bach hdn la p h a i t i m r a diidc n h i i n g giai phap phong,
chong " t u dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" t r o n g can bo, dang vien.

1. V a n de " t i i dien b i e n " xet tuf goc do la stf suy g i a m , suy
t h o a i ve m a t c h i n h t r i , t\i t i i d n g , dao diic, l o i song d^n den " t i t
chuyen hoa" t r o n g to chiic, con ngiidi, trxidc het la t r o n g to chvtc
dang, to chiic bo may n h a nxidc, t r o n g doi n g u can bo, dang v i e n ,
n h a t la can bo chu chot cua D a n g va N h a nii6c da tijfng d i l n r a
ci L i e n X6 va cac nii6c xa hoi chu n g h i a D o n g A u . Cuoi cung,
cung v6i "dien b i e n hoa b i n h " va cac n g u y e n n h a n khac da l a m
cho che do xa hoi chu n g h i a ci L i e n X6 va cac nif6c xa h o i chu
n g h i a b Dong A u sup do k h o n g p h a i bang chien t r a n h v u t r a n g ,
m a bang p h i v u t r a n g , bang "dien bien hoa b i n h " de t h i i c day
qua t r i n h " t i i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" tvf ben t r o n g .
N h a n thiifc ro t i n h chat nguy hiem ciia chien IxiOc "dien bien
hoa b i n h " , cua " t i i d i l n bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" do tac dong cua
"dien bien hoa b i n h " doi v6i sii t o n vong cua Dang, cua che do xa
hoi chu nghia; y thiic ro "t\i dien bien", " t i i chuyen hoa" dang la
nguy CO hien h i i u , ro rang, het sxic nguy hiem d niidc t a hien nay,

" T i i dien bien", " t U chuyen hoa" t r o n g can bo, dang v i e n ci
nxidc t a h i e n nay dUdc de cap ci day l a qua t r i n h "txi dien bien"
theo chieu h i f 6 n g suy giam, suy t h o a i ("tU dien b i e n " c6 the dien
r a theo ca chieu t i e n bo, p h a t t r i e n theo each h i e u ve "txi dien
b i e n " noi chung). V a tijf "txi dien b i e n " den mot

miJtc

do nao do se

chuyen sang "txi chuyen hoa" t r o n g can bo, dang v i e n , c6 the t\i
tijfng n g i i d i den doi n g i i ; til chuyen hoa con n g i i d i , doi n g i i can
bo, dang v i e n se c6 the d i n den " t i i chuyen hoa" ciia ca mot to
chiic, n h a t la to chiic dang va n h a nxidc n e u c h i i n g t a k h o n g c6
n h i i n g bien phap phong, chong h i i u h i e u .
"Txi dien b i e n " t r o n g can bo, dang v i e n h i e n nay c6 the diidc
bieu h i e n ci ca t r o n g n h a n t h i i c , n i e m t i n va h a n h dong. Do la sii
suy g i a m ve txi tUdng c h i n h t r i , ngay cang xa r d i muc t i e u ciia
chii n g h i a xa hoi, xa r d i l y tUdng chien dau v i doc lap dan toe va
c h i i n g h i a xa hoi, xa r d i c h i i n g h i a Mac - L e n i n , t i i tiicing Ho C h i
M i n h , xa r d i difdng l o i ciia D a n g . Do la sxi suy g i a m n i e m t i n

1. D a n g C o n g s a n V i e t N a m : Van kien Dai hoi dai bieu toan
* V i e n t r U d n g V i e n K h o a hoc X a hoi N h a n v a n quan s U , Bo Quoc phong.

thiiXI,

Sdd,

quoc

tr. 29.

259

vao t h a n g Idi cua chu nghIa xa h o i , vao t h a n g Idi cua cong cuoc
doi in6i dat nii6c v i doc lap d a n toe va chii n g h l a xa hoi, suy
g i a m n i e m t i n vao sii l a n h dao cua D a n g , vao s\i q u a n l y , dieu
h a n h ciia N h a nxidc, vao p h a m chat va n a n g lUc ciia dpi n g i i can
bp, dang v i e n , n h a t la can bp chu chot. Do la s\i suy g i a m ve
p h a m chat dao dtfc, l o i song, ngay cang xa rPi n h i i n g p h a m
chat, c h u a n m\ic ve dao dilc, l o i song xa hpi c h u nghia, t r i f d t
dan sang dao dilc, l o i song txX san, quay ve v6i nhiJng t h o i hif,
t a t x a u cua dao dilc, l o i song phong k i e n .
" T i i dien b i e n " t r o n g can bp, dang v i e n c6 the dien r a trxXdc
het t r o n g moi can bp, dang v i e n v6i cac mtfc dp va bieu h i e n cu
the khac n h a u ve p h a m chat c h i n h t r i t\i t i i d n g , dao dilc, l o i
song. N e u k h o n g dUdc p h a t h i e n , phong, chong k i p t h d i t h i se
dan d a n Ian r p n g r a theo n h i e u chieu hxidng: t\i can bp cap t h a p
den can bp cap cao, t\i can bp cap cao xuong can bp cap t h a p ; tvf
mot so i t can bp, dang v i e n den so dong can bp, dang v i e n ; iii ca
n h a n m o i can bp, dang v i e n den to chiic ma ca n h a n can bp,
dang v i e n do cong tac, s i n h hoat.
" T i l dien b i e n " va " t i i chuyen hoa" la h a i k h a i n i e m c6 n p i
h a m khac n h a u n h i f n g "t\i dien b i e n " va " t u chuyen hoa" l a i gan
ket v 6 i n h a u t r o n g mot qua t r i n h v a n dong, bien ddi cua sii vat,
h i e n t i i d n g , to chiic, con ngiidi. Qua t r i n h dien r a "tvf dien b i e n "
cung la qua t r i n h dien r a " t i i chuyen hoa" nhUng dang d t r o n g
nhiSng gi6i h a n n h a t d i n h . N h i i n g den mot luc nao do t h i iii " t i i
dien b i e n " se d&n t 6 i " t i i chuyen hoa" toan bp; luc do sii vat,
h i e n tifdng, to chiic, con ngifdi se t h a y doi hoan toan ve ban
chat. "Tvf chuyen hoa" hit

dau hkng " t i l dien b i e n " va " t i l dien

b i e n " se d i tcii " t i l chuyen hoa" t r o n g n h i l n g dieu k i e n n h a t d i n h .
N h u vay, t r o n g n h a n thUc ciing n h i l t r o n g hoat dong t h i l c t i e n
p h a i q u a n t a m den ca v a n de phong,* chong ca " t u dien b i e n " va
" t u chuyen hoa". T u y n h i e n , xet d k h i a canh sil t h a y doi ve chat
9Rn

t h i h a i qua t r i n h "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" win c6 t i n h
dpc lap tUdng doi ciia no. Theo do, k h i de r a g i a i phap phong,
chong CO the va can p h a i de r a ca giai phap phong, chong doi v6i
ca v a n de "tii dien bien" va " t u chuyen hoa" noi c h u n g va de r a
g i a i phap phong, chong " t i l dien bien" r i e n g , g i a i phap phong,
chong " t i i chuyen hoa" r i e n g .
" T u di§n bien", ' t i i chuyen hoa" dien r a tif ben t r o n g sii vat,
h i e n tUdng, to chile, con ngUdi, cu the h d n la no dien r a t r o n g
moi can bp, dang v i e n . Theo do, dieu q u a n t r p n g t r o n g viec xac
d i n h , t i m k i e m n g u y e n n h a n ciia qua t r i n h " t U dien bien", " t i i
chuyen hoa" la p h a i d i t i m n g u y e n n h a n t i i c h i n h t r o n g sU vat,
h i e n tifdng, to chile, con ngifdi can bp, dang v i e n . T u y n h i e n ,
k h o n g the k h o n g t i n h den n h i l n g nguyen n h a n ben ngoai se
cung v6i cac n g u y e n n h a n ben t r o n g de tao nen hdp lilc t h i i c day
qua t r i n h " t i l di§n bien", " t i l chuyen hoa".
2. Ve n g u y e n n h a n cua qua t r i n h " t i l dien bien", " t i l chuyen
hoa" t r o n g can bp, dang v i e n h i e n nay c6 the ke den cac nguyen
nhan nhil:
Qua t r i n h xay dilng chii nghia xa hpi t r o n g n h i l n g thap ky
qua d cac nildc xa hpi chii nghia Dong A u , L i e n X6 ciing n h i l d
nil6c ta, n h a t la trong thdi k y qua dp len chii nghia xa hpi, thilc
hien cd che t h i trifdng, m ^ ciia, hpi nhap, giao Ixiu quoc te, cung v6i
n h i i n g t h a n h t i i u la n h i i n g h a n che, yeu kem, bat cap. Thilc t i e n
cho thay, trong qua t r i n h xay dilng chii nghia xa hpi, chiing ta da
dat dildc n h i l n g t h a n h t i l u to Idn, gop phan quan t r p n g vao thang
Idi ciia phong trao each mang the gi6i, khSng d i n h t i n h vfu viet ciia
chii nghia xa hpi. T u y nhien, vkn con n h i l n g yeu kem, k h u y e t t a t
ca ve phifdng dien diidng loi, chinh sach va to chile thilc hien; ca
ve to chile, hoat dong ciia bp may Dang, N h a nxidc va cac to chile
c h i n h t r i - xa hpi; ca con ngufdi hoat dong t r o n g cac to chile bp may
ciia Dang, N h a nii6e va cac to chile chinh t r i - xa hpi.
261