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Expand your learning experience with the Tools for Enriching Calculus CD-ROM
The Tools for Enriching Calculus CD-ROM is the ideal complement to Essential Calculus.This innovative learning tool uses a discovery and exploratory approach to help you explore calculus in new ways.
Visuals and Modules on the CD-ROM provide geometric visualizations and graphi-cal applications to enrich your understanding of major concepts.Exercises and
examples,built from the content in the applets,take a discovery approach,allowing you to explore open-ended questions about the way certain mathematical objects behave.
The CD-ROM’s simulation modules include audio explanations of the concept,along with exercises,examples,and instructions.Tools for Enriching Calculus also contains Homework Hints for representative exercises from the text (indicated in blue in the text).
Hours of interactive video instruction! Interactive Video Skillbuilder CD-ROM
The Interactive Video Skillbuilder CD-ROM contains more than eight hours of video instruction.The problems worked during each video lesson are shown first so that you can try working them before watching the solution.To help you evaluate your progress,each section of the text contains a ten-question web quiz (the results of which can be e-mailed to your instructor),and each chapter contains a chapter test,with answers to every problem.Icons in the text direct you to examples that are worked out on the CD-ROM.
If you would like to purchase these resources, visit www.cengage.com/highered
REFERENCE PAGES
ALGEBRA
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
GEOMETRY
GEOMETRIC FORMULAS
ab c ab ac
a c a c
b b b
a c ad bc b d bd
a
b a d ad c b c bc
d
Formulas for area A, circumference C, and volume V:
Triangle Circle Sector of Circle A 1 bh A r2 A 1 r2
2 ab sin C 2 r s r in radians
EXPONENTS AND RADICALS
m
xmxn xmn xn xmn xmn xmn xn 1
xyn xnyn yn yn
a h
¨ r
b
Sphere Cylinder
V 4 r3 V r2h
r s
¨
r
Cone
V 3 r2h
x1n sx xmn sxm (sx)m A 4 r2
n xy n x n y x sx r
r h h FACTORING SPECIAL POLYNOMIALS r
x2 y2 x yx y
x3 y3 x yx2 xy y2
x3 y3 x yx2 xy y2
BINOMIAL THEOREM
x y2 x2 2xy y2 x y2 x2 2xy y2
DISTANCE AND MIDPOINT FORMULAS
Distance between P1x1, y1 and P2x2, y2:
x y3 x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3
x y3 x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3
x yn xn nxn1y nn 1 xn2y2
kxnkyk nxyn1 yn n nn 1n k 1
k 1 2 3 k
QUADRATIC FORMULA
If ax2 bx c 0, then x b 2b2 4ac.
INEQUALITIES AND ABSOLUTE VALUE If a b and b c, then a c.
If a b, then a c b c.
If a b and c 0, then ca cb.
If a b and c 0, then ca cb.
d sx2 x12 y2 y12
Midpoint of P1P2: x1 x2 , y1 y2
LINES
Slope of line through P1x1, y1 and P2x2, y2:
y2 y1 x2 x1
Point-slope equation of line through P1x1, y1 with slope m:
y y1 mx x1
Slope-intercept equation of line with slope m and y-intercept b:
y mx b
If a 0 , then
x a means x a means x a means
x a or x a a x a
x a or x a
CIRCLES
Equation of the circle with center h, k and radius r:
x h2 y k2 r2
1
REFERENCE PAGES
TRIGONOMETRY
ANGLE MEASUREMENT FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES
radians 180
1 180 rad 1 rad 180
s r
r s csc ¨
r tan
1 sin
sin
cos
sec
cot
1 cos
cos
sin
in radians cot
1
tan
sin2 cos2 1
RIGHT ANGLE TRIGONOMETRY 1 tan2 sec2 1 cot2 csc2
sin
cos
tan
opp hyp
adj hyp
opp
adj
csc
sec
cot
hyp
opp hyp opp
hyp ¨
adj adj
adj
opp
sin sin
tan tan
cos2 sin
cos cos sin2 cos
tan2 cot
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
sin y csc r y
(x, y) cos r sec x r
THE LAW OF SINES B
sin A sin B sin C a a b c
C c
tan y cot x ¨ x
THE LAW OF COSINES
a2 b2 c2 2bc cos A b
GRAPHS OF THE TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS b2 a2 c2 2ac cos B
y y y y=tan x c2 a2 b2 2ab cos C A y=sin x y=cos x
1 1
π 2π 2π
ADDITION AND SUBTRACTION FORMULAS
_1
y y=csc x
1
x π 2π x π x _1
y y=sec x y y=cot x
1
sinx y sin x cos y cos x sin y
sinx y sin x cos y cos x sin y
cosx y cos x cos y sin x sin y
cosx y cos x cos y sin x sin y
tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
π 2π x π 2π x π 2π x
_1 _1
tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAS
sin 2x 2 sin x cos x
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF IMPORTANT ANGLES cos 2x cos2x sin2x 2 cos2x 1 1 2 sin2x
radians sin cos tan
0 0 0 1 0 30 6 12 s32 s33
45 4 s22 s22 1
tan 2x 1 tan2x
HALF-ANGLE FORMULAS
60 3 s32 12 s3
90 2 1 0 —
sin2x 1 cos 2x cos2x 1 cos 2x
2
ESSENTIAL CALCULUS EARLY TRANSCENDENTALS
JAMES STEWART
McMaster University and University of Toronto
Australia . Brazil . Japan . Korea . Mexico . Singapore . Spain . United Kingdom . United States
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