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- §Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10
®Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m
M«n TiÕng Anh -Lớp 10
A/ Accent mark: Dấu nhấn/ Trọng âm
1. Đối với những từ gồm có 2 hoặc 3 vần, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần đầu.
Ex: rísky, flóra, áudience, cháracter,........
2. Đối với những từ gồm có 4 vần (hoặc nhiều hơn), trọng âm thường rơi vào vần thứ 3 kể từ
cuối.
Ex: minórity, metropólitan, commúnicate, varíety, ........
3. Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: ion, ic, ian, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía
trước.
Ex: emótion, competítion, scientífic, photográphic, olýmpic, electrícian, Confúcian, .....
4. Đối với những từ tận cùng có các vần như: oo, oon, ee, een, eer, ese, ette, trọng âm
thường rơi vào ngay các vần này.
Ex: bambóo, shampóo, cartóon, afternóon, referée, employée, cantéen, thirtéen, enginéer,
Vietnamése, Chinése, cigarétte, ...........
5. Đối với những từ có các tiền tố (tiếp đầu ngữ) như: in, im, ir, re, pre, dis, de, be, ex,
en, trọng âm thường rơi vào vần phía sau.
Ex: insíde, impóssible, irrégular, repéat, prevíew, discúss, deféat, begín, excíted, enjóy, represént,
indepéndent, ........
B/ Sound: Phát âm
1. Chú ý các phụ âm đã học trong SGK từ Unit 9 16.
2. Động từ tận cùng bằng ED có 3 cách phát âm là: /id/, /t/, /d/.
a. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: t, d, khi thêm ED sẽ phát âm là /id/.
Ex: wanted, collected, decided, needed,.......
b. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là: c, f, k, p, s, x, sh, ch, khi thêm ED sẽ phát âm là /t/.
Ex: practiced, stuffed, looked, stopped, missed, fixed, washed, watched,.......
c. Đối với những động từ tận cùng là các phụ âm còn lại hoặc nguyên âm, khi thêm ED sẽ phát
âm là /d/.
Ex: enjoyed, stayed, managed, cleaned, arrived, called,.......
3. Động từ/ danh từ tận cùng bằng S có 2 cách phát âm là: /s, /z/.
a. Đối với những động từ/ danh từ tận cùng là: p, f, th, k, t khi thêm S sẽ phát âm là /s/.
Ex: stops, books, cuts, months, roofs,.......
b. Đối với những động từ/ danh từ tận cùng là các phụ âm còn lại hoặc nguyên âm, khi thêm S
sẽ phát âm là /z/.
Ex: enjoys, stays, dogs, pens, tables, lives,.......
1. Simple present ( hiện tại đơn )
S + V (s/es)
Ex: I speak English ./ He speaks English
Ex: Do you speak English ? / Does he speak English?
Ex: I don’t speak English ./ He does not speak English.
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Use : - HTĐ được sử dụng để chỉ cac thoi quen, sở thich , cac sự kiện đang diễn ra hang
ngay ,cac sự kiện trong kế hoạch hoặc cac sự việc thường xuyen xảy ra.
Ex: I play tennis every day.
Ex: The train leaves every morning at 8 am
- HTĐ được dung để chỉ những sự việc , hiện tượng mang tinh chất quy luật hoặc
khai quat.
Ex: Cats like milk
EX: New York is a big city
- HTĐ được sử dụng để diễn tả một hanh động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai đã được
xac định trước.
Ex: The train leaves tonight at 6 p.m
EX : When does class begin tomorrow?
2. Simple past ( Quá khứ đơn)
S + V+ ed/ irregular verbs
You called Debbie
Did you call Debbie
You didn’t call Debbie
Use : - QKĐ diễn tả hanh động đã xảy ra tại một thời điểm cụ thể trong qua khứ.
I saw a movie yesterday
Last year , I didn’t travel to Korea.
- QKĐ được dung để diễn tả một chuỗi cac hanh động đã xảy ra trong qua khứ.
I finished work , walked to the beach, and found a nice place to swim.
He arrived from the airport at 8:00, checked into the hotel at 9:00, and met the others at 10:00
_ QKĐ được dung để chỉ một qua trinh đã kết thuc trong quá khứ.
I lived in Brazil i 1990
Mary studied English five year ago.
3. Adverbs of frequency ( cac trạng từ chỉ tuần suất)
- Cac trạng từ nay được sử dụng để diễn tả mức độ thường xuyen của một hanh
động nao đó.
We often went camping when we were children.
- Cac trạng từ nay bao gồm : Always, usually, frequently, often, sometimes,
occasionally, rarely, seldom,hardly, ever, never.
- Khi sử dụng với động từ thường , cac trạng từ thường đứng giữa chủ ngữ và
động từ chinh.
David occasionally visits us on Sundays.
- Khi sử dụng với động từ to be, cac trạng từ nay thường đứng sau động từ.
She is often ill in winter.
4. Wh- questions ( c©u hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng Wh)
- Câu hỏi với từ để hỏi bắt đầu bằng –Wh cho phep người hỏi tim ra được cac
thông tin về cac chủ đề như sau.
When ? ( khi nao ?) Time ( thời gian)
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Where ? (ở đâu ?) place (nơi chốn)
Who ? (ai ? ) person ( người)
Why ? ( tại sao ?) reason ( lý do)
How ? ( như thế nao ?) manner (cach thức)
What ? ( cai gì ? ) object, idea,action (vật thể, ý
kiến, hanh động)
- Một số từ để hỏi khac giup người hỏi tim kiếm được những thông tin cụ thể.
Which one ? ( cai nao ) Choice of alternatives( lựa chọn)
Whose ? ( của ai ? ) Possession ( sở hữu)
Whom ? ( ai ?) person (người –tân ngữ)
How much ? ( bao nhieu?) price,amount (non-count) gia cả,
số lượng( danh từ không đếm được)
How many ? (bao nhieu?) Quantity (count) số lượng (danh từ đếm được)
How long ? ( bao lâu?) Duration( qua trinh)
How often ? ( bao lâu 1 lần) Frequency( mức độ thường xuyen)
How far ? ( bao xa ?) Distance ( khoảng cach)
What kind of? ( loại nao?) Description (mieu tả)
Wh question: Make Whquestion for the following sentences:
11. My aunt and uncle live in Chicago.>> Where
12. We often have dinner at 7:00 pm. >> What time
13. I am reading an English book at the moment. >> What
14. It takes me 30 minutes to go to school. >> How long
15. She speaks English very fluently. >> How
16. I have written over twenty novels. >> How many
17. This street is twenty kilometers long. >> How long
18. I spent 10 dollars on this shirt. >> How much
19. I have been learning English for 5 years. >> How long
20. She will be married to a rich man. >> Who
21. Tom goes to the library twice a week. >> How often
22. I went to school late because I missed the bus. >> Why
23. She is a doctor. >> What
24. They were watching a game show. >> What
25. He like studying Math. >> What subject
26. The weather is very nice in this country. >> What
27. She was born in Dam Doi In 1985. >> Where and when
28. She wanted to become an English teacher.
29. They are cutting trees in the forest for wood. >> For what
30. There are fortyfive students in my class. >> How many
31. They do their homework at night. >> When
32. Mr. Robertson came to the party alone. >>Who
33. The car is across the street from the house. Where
34. She felt better after she took a nap. >>How
35. My sister called her boyfriend yesterday >>When
36. That is an English book. >> What
37. She talked to him for an hour.>> How long
38. She was eating a sandwich. >>What
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39. Their favorite kind of music is Latin Jazz. >>What
40. He is going to work right now. >>Where
5. Động từ đi với -ing vµđộng từ nguyen thể ( Gerunds and Infinitives)
a. Động từ đi cung với –ing được gọi lµ dang động từ. Cac danh động từ được sử dụng lµm
chủ ngũ , bổ ngữ vµ t©n ngữ của c©u.
Reading helps you learn English . ( chủ ngữ)
Her favorite hobby is reading ( bổ ngữ)
John enjoys riding bike . (tân ngữ)
- Phủ định danh động từ bằng c¸ch them not vao phia trước
The best thing for your health is not smoking.
Verbs followed by the gerund (động từ theo sau bởi danh động từ)
- admit (v) : Chấp - excuse (v) tha
nhận thứ , bỏ qua
- anticipate ( v) : biết - forgive (v) tha
trước, đoán trước thứ
- avoid ( v) tr¸nh khỏi - imagine (v)
- keep = cotinnue (v) tiếp tưởng tượng
tục - involve (v) bao
- loathe ( v) ghê gồm
tởm , ghét - miss (v) bỏ
- mean= involve (v) nghĩa là lỡ, nhỡ tàu xe…
,có ý muốn - pardon (v) xin
- mind (v) chú lỗi
ý, lưu ý, để ý - postpone(v) trì
- consider (v) cân hoãn
nhắc - practice (v) thực
- defer (v) trì hành
hoãn, làm theo - prevent (v) ngăn
- delay (v) ho·n cản
lại - propose (v) đề
- detest (v) ghét cay nghị , đưa ra
đắng ,ghê tởm - recollect (v) nhớ
- dislike (v) lại ,nhớ ra
kh«ng thÝch, ghÐt - risk (v) liều
- finish (v) kết lĩnh
thóc - resist (v)
- fancy= imagine(v) kháng cự
tưởng tượng - resume (v) hồi
- escape (v) trốn phục lại, lấy lại
thoát - stop(= cease)
dừng lại
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- justify (v) bào chữa ,thanh - it’s no good v«
minh Ých
- can’t bear - there’s no kh«ng cã gÝa trị ,
- can’t stand v« gÝa
- can’t help - be worth trị
- can’t resist gi¸ , có gi¸ trị
- it’s no use v«
Ých
b. Động từ nguyen thể lµ dạng động từ cã to. Động từ nguyen thể có thể được sử dụng như
chủ ngữ , bổ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ của câu.
To learn is important. ( chủ ngữ)
The most important thing is to learn. ( bổ ngữ)
He wants to learn , ( tân ngữ)
- Phủ định động từ nguen thể bằng cach them not vao phia trước.
The most important thing is not to give up.
* Verbs followed by the infinitive
- Agree (v) đồng ý - Demand (v) yêu
- Aim (v) nhằm mục đích, cầu, đòi hỏi
mục tiêu - Vow (v) tuyên thề
- Appear (v) xuất - Hope (v) hy vọng
hiện - Pretend (v) giả
- Arrange (v) thu vờ
xếp, sắp xếp - Proceed (v) tiến lên, đi
- Ask (v) hỏi, yêu đến
cầu - Promise (v) hứa
- Attempt (v) cố - Prove (v)
gắng, nỗ lực chứng minh
- Bother (v) làm - Threaten (v) đe
phiền doạ
- Choose (v) lựa - Trouble (v) gây
chọn rắc rối
- Claim (v) thỉnh cầu, - Swear (v) thề
đòi - Refuse (v) từ
- Condescend(v) hạ cố, chối
chiếu cố - Seem (v) dường như
- Consent (v) bằng lòng, - Plan (v) lập kế
ưng thuận hoạch
- Decide (v) - Prepare (v)
quyết định chuẩn bị
- Decline (v) suy - Manage (v)
giảm, từ chối quản lý, cố gắng
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- Determine (v) - Guarantee( v) cam
quyết tâm đoan, bảo lãnh
- Neglect (v) sao lãng, - Fail (v) thất
không chú ý bại
- Offer (v) tặng biếu, đưa ra - Endeavor (v) cố
đề nghị gắng ,ráng
- Hesitate (v) - Happen (v) xảy
miễn cưỡng ra
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive):
16 I amlookingforwardto (see)you.
17. He is tiredof (walk) to school.
18 I arranged(meet)themhere.
19 He urgedus (work) faster.
20 I wish (see)themanager.
6 It's no use(wait).
7 He warnedher(nottouch)thewire.
8 Don'tforget(lock) thedoor before(go) to bed.
9 My mothertold me(notspeak)to anyoneaboutit.
10 I can'tunderstandher(behave)like that.
11 He tried(explain)butsherefused(listen).
12 At dinnersheannoyedmeby (smoke)betweenthecourses.
13 You areexpected(know) thesafetyregulationsof thecollege.
14 He decided(disguise)himself by (dress)asa woman.
15 lamprepared(wait) hereall nightif necessary.
16 Would you mind(show)mehow (work) thelift?
17 After (walk) for threehourswe stoppedto let theothers(catchwith us.
18 I ambeginning(understand)whatyou mean.
19 He wasfinedfor (exceed)thespeedlimit.
20 The boyslike (play) gamesbuthate(do) lessons.
6. Past perfect ( Quá khứ hoan thanh (QKHT)
Form :
S + had + P2 (past participle)
He had studied English before he moved to New York
Had he studied English before he moved to New York.
He had not studied English before he moved to New York.
Use : - QKHT được sử dụng để chỉ hanh động xảy ra trước hanh động khac trong quá
khứ.
Ex : He had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Nha Trang
I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet
Tony knew English so well because he had visited the city several times.
Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
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- QKHT được sử dụng để diễn tả một quá trinh diễn ra trước một hanh động
nao đó trong qua khứ.
We had had that car for ten years before it broke down.
By the time Alex finished his studies, he had been in London for over eight years.
7. Used to ( quen với)
* Form :
Used to + V
Ex : I used to go to the beach every day.
Use : - Cấu truc used to + V được sử dụng để noi về cac thoi quen trong qua khứ.
I used to start work at 9 o’clock.
Sam and Mary used to go to Mexico in the summer
Jerry used to learn English.
- Cấu truc nay cũng được sử dụng để chỉ những hiện tượng , hanh động trong
qua khứ la chân li hoặc mang tinh khai quat.
George used to be the best student in class, but now Lena is
Oranges used to cost very little in Florida , but now they are quite expensive.
- Used to dïng ë c©u hái vµ c©u phñ ®Þnh
You used to play the piano.
Did you use to play the piano when you were young?
You didn’t use to play the piano when you w ere young.
- Chñ ®éng vµ bÞ ®éng cña cÊu tróc used to .
Ex: Jerry used to pay the bills . (Chñ ®éng)
Ex : The bills used to be paid by Jerry. ( BÞ ®éng)
Note: CÇn ph©n biÖt 2 cÊu tróc “used to do st”vµ “ To be/ to get used to doing st”.
NÕu cÊu tróc “ used to do st” ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét thãi quen ë trong qu¸ khø mµ
nay kh«ng cßn tån t¹i n÷a th× cÊu tróc “ to be /to get used to doing st” mang ý nghÜa “
quen víi viÖc g×”
Ex: I am used to getting up early.
Ex : I used to get up early when I was at high school.
8. The + Adjective
The ®i cïng víi mét sè tÝnh tõ cã thÓ t¹o ra c¸c danh tõ chØ nhãm ngêi.
- The blind ( nh÷ng ngêi mï)
- The deaf ( nh÷ng ngêi ®iÕc)
- The disabled ( nh÷ng ngêi tµn tËt)
- The poor ( nh÷ng ngêi nghÌo)
- The rich ( nh÷ng ngêi giµu)
- The unemployed ( nh÷ng ngêi thÊt nghiÖp)
Ex: The gover nment is trying to help the disabled to have a better life.
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9. The present perfect ( HiÖn t¹i hoµn thµnh)
Form
S + have/ has + P2 ( past participle)
I have played football.
I have not played football.
Have you played football ?
Use : - Dïng HTHT ®Ó diÔn t¶ c¸c hµnh ®éng hay t×nh huèng x¶y ra t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm
kh«ng x¸c ®Þnh trong qóa khø kÐo dµi ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.
I have seen that movie twenty times.
Have you read the book yet ?
- Dïng HTHT ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét viÖc ®· x¶y ra hoÆc ®· ®îc thùc hiÖn
t¹i mét thêi ®iÓm nµo ®ã trong qu¸ khø, nhng kh«ng ®Ò cËp ®Õn thêi gian
cô thÓ.
I have been abroad twice
Anna has never broken a leg.
Have you ever eaten sushi ?
* Never vµ ever thêng ®îc dïng trong c©u phñ ®Þnh vµ c©u hái víi thêi HTHT.
- HTHT ®îc dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu trong qu¸ khø vµ vÉn tiÕp
tôc ®Õn hiÖn t¹i.
I have been a teacher for more than ten years.
We haven’t seen Mary since Friday.
Since ®îc dïng tríc mét thêi ®iÓm cô thÓ vµ For ®îc dïng tríc mét kho¶ng thêi gian
diÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng kÐo dµi ®îc bao l©u.
Just ,already, yet ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ mét hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø mµ kÕt qu¶ vÉn lu
®Õn hiÖn t¹i.
- Dïng HTHT ®Ó nãi vÒ sù thay ®æi ®· x¶y ra ®îc mét kho¶ng thêi gian.
You have grown since the last time I saw you.
The gover nment has become more interested in arts education.
- Dïng HTHT ®Ó nãi vÒ mét hµnh ®éng trong qu¸ khø vµ kÕt qu¶ vÉn lu ®Õn
hiÖn t¹i.
I have lost my wallet. = I don’t have it now.
Jimmy has gone to South America. = He isn’t here now.
- Dïng HTHT ®Ó ¸m chØ mét hµnh ®éng hay t×nh huèng cßn tiÕp tôc ë t¬ng
lai.
He has lived here for a long time.
He has worked as a doctor for a long time.
Chñ ®éng vµ bÞ ®éng víi HTHT
Have / has + been + past participle
English has been used around the world for a long time.
Has your homework been done ?
The film hasn’t been shown yet .
10. Relative Pronouns ( §¹i tõ quan hÖ ) Who, which, that…
- §¹i tõ quan hÖ thùc hiÖn 2 chøc n¨ng cïng mét lóc:
+ ®ãng vai trß nh chñ ng÷ hoÆc t©n ng÷ cña ®éng tõ.
+ kÕt hîp hai mÖnh ®Ò.
- Who dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm chñ ng÷ trong c©u.
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- Whom dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ ngêi lµm t©n ng÷ trong c©u.
- Which dïng thay thÕ cho danh tõ chØ vËt lµm chñ ng÷ or lµm t©n ng÷.
- That thêng dïng thay thÕ Whom, who vµ which.
- When vµ where cã thÓ dïng sau danh tõ chØ thêi gian vµ ®Þa ®iÓm , t¬ng
®¬ng víi at which or in which
- Why dïng sau danh tõ chØ lý do ®îc dïng t¬ng ®¬ng víi for which.
- Whose lµ ®¹i tõ quan hÖ së hu cã liªn quan ®Õn ngêi, vËt.
1. HiÖn t¹i tiÕp diÔn diÔn t¶ t¬ng lai
- Thêi HTTD cã thÓ ®îc sö dông ®Ó diÔn t¶ mét dù ®Þnh hoÆc mét kÕ
ho¹ch ®· ®îc Ên ®Þnh trong t¬ng lai .DÊu hiÖu nhËn biÕt lµ c¸c côm tõ chØ
thêi gian trong c©u hoÆc dùa vµo ng÷ c¶nh.
My wife has an appointment with a doctor . She is seeing Mr.North next Tuesday.
Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.
2. CÊu tróc “ Be going to”
- Be going to ®îc dïng ®Ó nãi vÒ mét kÕ ho¹ch ®· ®îc dù kiÕn tríc hoÆc mét
ho¹t ®éng , sù viÖc s¾p x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai gÇn.
Dark clouds are gathering in the sky. It is going to rain.
A: Why did you buy this paint ?
B: I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
3. Because of ( Bëi v× )
- Dïng because of ®Ó diÔn t¶ nguyªn nh©n. Because of ®îc dïng tríc mét
danh tõ or danh ®éng tõ.
Ex: I turned the heating on because of the cold weather.
Ex: He came late because of being stuck in the heavy traffic.
Note : - Ph©n biÖt c¸ch sö dông cña Because / Because of
+ Because + a clause ( mÖnh ®Ò)
+ Because of + noun or noun phrase ( danh tõ hoÆc côm danh tõ)
Ex : Because of the rain I had to stay home.
Ex: Because it rained I had to stay home.
4. In Spite of ( mÆc dï)
- In spite of ®ång nghÜa víi although, despite, even though vµ but. Nh÷ng tõ
nèi nµy ®Òu diÔn t¶ sù t¬ng ph¶n.
- In spite of ®øng tríc danh tõ hoÆc danh ®éng tõ.
Ex: Kitty wanted to report on the war in spite of the danger.
Ex: Mark went on working in spite of feeling unwell.
Note: Ph©n biÖt in spite of vµ although , even though
+ In spite of + Noun or noun phrase ( danh tõ or danh ®éng tõ)
+ Although, even though + A clause ( mÖnh ®Ò)
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Ex: In spite of raining, I still went to school.
Ex: Although it rained, I still went to school.
: Because; because of; although/ though/ even though; in spite of/ despite
1) We took many pictures although the sky was cloudy. >>In spite of
2) We understand him in spite of his strong accent. >> Although
3) Although he is wealthy, he is not spoiled.>> Despite
4) Despite a good salary, he was unhappy in his job.>> Though
5) In spite of the high prices, my roommates go to the movies every Saturday. >>Although
6) Even though she had a poor memory, she told interesting stories to the children. >>Despite
7) In spite of their poverty, they are very generous. >> Although
8) Though she has been absent frequently, he has managed to pass the test.>> Despite
9) In spite of Lee’s Sadness at losing the contest, she managed to smile.>> Although
10) My friend ate the chocolate cake even though she was on a diet. >>Despite
11) In spite of a headache, he enjoyed the film.>> Although
12) My sister will take a plane even though she dislikes flying.>>In spite of
13) He isn’t happy although he is very rich. >>Despite
14) Even though he got a good job, he was not satisfied.>> Despite
15) Although he often tells lies, many people believe him.>> Despite
16) Mary didn’t go to school yesterday because she was sick.>> Because of
17) She went to bed early because she felt tired. >>Because of
18) Margaret stayed at home because her mother was sick.>> Because of
19) I couldn’t do the test because it was difficult.>> Because of
20) I couldn’t read the letter because it was dark.>> Because of
21) I can’t study because it is noisy.>> Because of
22) The train come late because it was foggy.>> Because of
23) The train was late because the fog was thick.>> Because of
24) I can’t sleep because the weather is hot.>> Because of
25) All the teacher love him because his conduct is good.>> Because of
26) Because there was a traffic accident, I went to school late.>> Because of
27) Because there is a shortage of meet, we had to live on beans.>> Because of
28) Because there was a lack of water, many trees died rapidly.>> Because of
29) She walked slowly because her leg was injured.>> Because of
30) Because it was sunny, we decided to go camping.>> Because of
15.Reported speech: Statements ( c©u gi¸n tiÕp : C©u trÇn thuËt )
- NÕu c©u b¾t ®Çu ë hiÖn t¹i th× kh«ng cÇn lïi thêi trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
Ex: Susan : “ I work in an office.” -> Susan says that she works in an office.
- NÕu c©u b¾t ®Çu b»ng thêi qu¸ khø , cÇn lïi thêi trong c©u gi¸n tiÕp.
Ex: Susan: “ I work in an office.” -> Susan said that she worked in an office.
Direct Speech Reported Speech
From -> To
Simple present Simple past
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Peter : “ I work in the garden” Peter said that he worked in the garden.
Simple past Past perfect
Peter: “ I worked in the garden” Peter said that he had worked in the
garden.
Present Perfect Past perfect
Peter: “ I have worked in the garden” Peter said that he had worked in the
garden.
Past perfect Past perfect
Peter : “ I had worked in the garden.” Peter said that he had worked in the
garden.
Will Would
Peter: “ I will work in the garden” Peter said that he would work in the
garden.
Can Could
Peter : “ I can work in the garden” Peter said that he could work in the
garden.
May Might
Peter: “ I may work in the garden”. Peter said that he might work in the
garden.
Would/ could Would/ could
Peter: “ I would work in the garden.” Peter: “ I would work in the garden.”
Progressive forms
Am/are/ is Was/ were
Peter: “I’m working in the garden.” Peter said that he was working in the
garden.
Was/ were Had been
Peter: “ I was working in the garden.” Peter said that he had been working in the
garden.
Has been Had been
Peter: “ I have been working in the Peter said that he had been working in the
garden.” garden.
Had been Had been
Peter: “ I had been working in the garden.” Peter said that he had been working in the
garden
- NÕu c©u chøa c¸c ng÷ thêi gian , ph¶I thay ®æi c¶ c¸c ng÷ nµy cho phï hîp.
Ex: Peter : “ I worked in the garden yesterday.” -> Peter said that he had worked in the
garden the day before.
ChuyÓn ®æi c¸c ng÷ thêi gian
This (evening) -> That (evening)
Today/ this day -> that day
These(days) -> those( days)
Now -> then
(a week) ago -> ( a week) before
Last weekend -> the weekend before/ the previous weekend
Here -> there
Next (week) -> the following (week)
Tomorrow -> the next/ following day
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Note : Trong mét sè trêng hîp , sù lïi thêi lµ kh«ng cÇn thiÕt khi mµ th«ng tin trong c©u
trÇn thuËt trùc tiÕp vÉn ®óng ë hiÖn t¹i.
Ex: Manh : “ My brother is at Hanoi National University.”
Manh said that his brother was at Hanoi National University.
Or -> Manh said that his brother is at Hanoi National University.
Ex: Mandy : “ The sun rises in the East.”
Mandy said that the sun rose in the East.
Or Mandy said that the sun rises in the East.
Put the following statements into Indirect Speech:
1. My girlfriend said to me, “My younger brother is studying medicine at Can Tho University.”
…………………………………………………………………………..
2. “I didn’t send any letter by email,” said Tom.
…………………………………………………………………………..
3. The teacher said, “ Some students don’t like homework.”
…………………………………………………………………………..
4. “I haven’t seen my uncle since last year,” said Harry.
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. I said to the nurse, “You haven’t given me any medicine.”
…………………………………………………………………………..
6. The gardener said to the children, “You are allowed to pick the flowers.”
…………………………………………………………………………..
7. I told the taxi driver, “You are driving too quickly right now”.
…………………………………………………………………………..
8. My friend said, “I lived in the country for two years before I moved here.”
…………………………………………………………………………..
9. “The country will develop greatly in the next twenty years,” my father predicted.
…………………………………………………………………………..
10. “Many people died after the earthquake last night,” the report said.
…………………………………………………………………………..
5. Conditional sentence type 1( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1)
MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn (if) MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
If + S + V ( hiÖn t¹i ®¬n) , S + will + V
If it rains, we will stay at home.
He will arrive late unless he hurries up.
Peter will buy a new car if he gets his raise.
- C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1 ®îc dïng ®Ó chØ c¸c t×nh huèng cã thËt hoÆc cã thÓ
x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i . Nã cßn ®îc gäi lµ c©u ®iÒu kiÖn cã thËt ( the real
conditional).
note : Trong c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 1. “unless” cã thÓ ®îc dïng thay thÕ cho “ if ………
not”.
Ex: If you don’t work harder , you’ll fail the exam.
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Unless you work harder , you’ll fail the exam.
Put the verb in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him I (give) him a lift.
2. The table will collapse if you (stand) on it.
3. If he (eat) all he will be ill.
4. If I find your passport I (telephone) you at once.
5. The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
6. If he (read) in bad light he will ruin his eyes.
7. Someone (steal) your car if you leave it unlocked.
8. What will happen if my parachute (not open)?
9. If he (wash) my car I’ll give him 10$.
10. If she (need) a radio she can borrow mine.
11. If you (not go) away I’ll send for the police.
12. I’ll be very angry if he (make) any more mistakes.
13. She will be absolutely furious if she (hear0 about this.
14. If you put on the kettle I (make) the tea.
15. If he (be) late we’ll go out without him.
6. Conditional sentence type 2 ( c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2)
MÖnh ®Ò ®iÒu kiÖn ( if) MÖnh ®Ò chÝnh
If + S + V_ed ( simple past ) ®éng tõ chia ë qu¸ khø , S + would + V
®¬n,
If I had a million dollars, I would buy a big house.
- C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2 dïng ®Ó diÔn ®¹t c¸c t×nh huèng kh«ng cã thËt ë hiÖn
t¹i hoÆc t¬ng lai.
If cats had wings , they would be able to fly.
note : - NÕu mÖnh ®Ò if ®øng tríc th× gi÷a hai mÖnh ®Ò b¾t buéc ph¶i cã dÊu phÈy ‘
,’ nhng nÕu mÖnh ®Ò chÝnh ®øng tríc th× gi÷a hai mÖnh ®Ò kh«ng cã dÊu phÈy ‘,’
If I had money, I would buy a motorbike.
I would buy a motorbike if I had money.
- Trong v¨n viÕt ë c©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 2, ®éng tõ to be chØ cã duy nhÊt mét d¹ng khi chia ë
qu¸ khø lµ ‘ were’.
If I were you, I’d try harder to win the game.
Exercise 2: Put the verbs in the correct form
1. If you drove more carefully, you (not, have) ________ so may accidents.
2. He would get to work on time if he (get) ________ up early.
3. If we (have) ________ more time, I could tell you more about it.
4. If you (sell) ________ more products, you’d earn more money.
5. I could help you if you (trust) ________ me more.
6. His car would be a lot safer if he (buy)________ some tyres.
7. The children would be better swimmer if they (go)________ swimming more frequently.
8. We wouldn’t mind having children if we (live)________ in the country.
9. If I (be) ________ you, I wouldn’t worry about going to university.
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10. If they gave me a job. I (take)________ it
11. The weather isn’t nice. I (take) a walk if the weather (be) ________ nice.
12. My wife and I want to buy a house, but houses are too expensive. We (buy)________ a
new house if we (have) ________ enough money.
13. Life (be) boring if everyone (have)________ the same opinions about everything.
14. If I (be) ________ you, I (tell)________ Brian the truth.
15. Airline tickets are very expensive. If they (be)________ cheap, I (fly)________ to
Singapore.
16. I am very tired tonight. If I (not, be)________ tired, I (go)________ to the movie with
you.
17. I don’t have enough time. If I (have)________ enough time, I (go)________ to the
park.
18. It isn’t Saturday. If it (be) ________ Saturday, I (go) ________ to the beach.
19. I have to go to class today. If I (not, have to) go to class today, I (go) ________ shopping
or (visit)________ my friend.
20. I don’t understand that sentence. If I (understand)________ that sentence, I (explain)
________ it to you.
Exercise 3: Rewrite the following sentences in such a way that they don’t change the meaning
He doesn’t have the money and he cannot afford a new car. >> If
I cannot go to the beach with you this weekend because I have a date with my old classmate.
I never get very lonely because I have lots of good friends.>> If
The match can be cancelled because it rains heavily.>>If
Because Simon doesn’t live near his mother, he can’t visit her often. >> If
I don’t have free time, so I can’t go to see him.>> If
I am poor; I can’t travel around the world. >> If
I am not a millionaire, I can’t help all people. >> if
I am not old enough; I can’t decide my own life. >> If
I am very tired so I can’t finish my work. >> If
21. Should ( nªn)
Should + V
You should study harder to pass the exams.
Should I ask him to go with me to the party ?
He shouldn’t reveal our secret.
- Should ®îc dïng ®Ó ®a ra lêi khuyªn.
22. Conditional setence type 3 ( C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3)
If + S + past perfect ( QKHT) , S + would/ could / might + P II
Ex: If I had worked harder, I would have passed the exam.
- C©u ®iÒu kiÖn lo¹i 3 dïng ®Ó diÔn t¶ nh÷ng ®iÒu kh«ng cã thùc trong qu¸
khø, nh÷ng ®iÒu tëng tîng trong qu¸ khø.
Ex: If we had taken a taxi , we would have got there in time.
: Supply the correct form of the verbs
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If I (know) _________ that you were ill last week, I (go) _________ to see you.
Tom (not, enter) _________ for the examination if he (know)_________ that it would be so difficult.
Paul got to the station in time. If he (miss)_________ the train, he (be)_________ late for his
interview.
It’s good that Mary reminded me about Daisy’s Birthday. I (forget)_________ if she (not,
remind)_________ me.
The weather was bad. We (go)_________ camping if the weather (not, be) _________ so bad.
I (send)_________ you a postcard while I was on holiday if I (have) _________ your address.
You (have) a good time if you (be) _________ at the party last night.
If I (not, drink) strong tea with lemon last night, I (have)_________ a sound sleep.
If it (not, rain) _________ yesterday, we (come)_________ to visit them.
If she (eat) something last night, she (not, feel)_________ hungry.
I didn’t feel good yesterday. If I (feel) _________ better, I (come) _________ to class yesterday.
I didn’t know it was your birthday. I (get) _________ you a present if (I know) _________ it was your
birthday.
It was cold yesterday. If it (be, not)_________ cold yesterday, I (go)_________ swimming.
Jack didn’t study for the test. If he (study) for the test, he (pass) _________ it.
I’m sorry that you didn’t come to my party. If you (come)_________ , you (meet)_________ many old
friends.
I didn’t have enough money last night. If I (have)_________ enough money last night, I
(go)_________ to a show.
I didn’t have time so I didn’t go shopping. If I (have)_________ time, I (go)_________ shopping with
you.
If human had been more friendly with nature, they (endure) _________ natural disasters.
If people (use) _________ more environmentfriendly products, they would not have worried about
global warming.
If more garbage (dump)_________ into the sea, people would have suffered from sea pollution.
Exercise 3: sentence transformation
She didn’t eat anything because she wasn’t hungry. >>If
The accident happened because the drive in front stopped so suddenly. >>If
I didn’t wake you up because I didn’t know you wanted to get up early. >> If
She didn’t buy the watch because she didn’t bring enough money with him. >> If
I had a cold because I walked in the rain. >> If
They didn’t sell the house because their children wanted to keep it. >> If
Mrs. White fell down because she was too weak. >> If
He failed the exam because she didn’t do it well. >> If
She couldn’t come because she had to work overtime. >> If
I couldn’t answer the phone because I was having a bath. >> If
Exercise 4: if not = unless
If you don’t see that film, you’ll be sorry. >> unless
If you don’t take morning exercises, you will be weak.
You will get lost if you don’t take a map with you.
They will kill him if he doesn’t tell them the truth.
If we don’t protect the forests, the environments will bee soon destroyed.
I will wait her if she calls me.
I will choose that blue jacket if isn’t too expensive.
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If it doesn’t rain, we will go for a walk.
I will buy a bike if I don’t go on holiday.
I will visit them if I have enough time.
23. The passive voice ( ThÓ bÞ ®éng)
*Form :
Passive Subject + To be + Past participle (p2)
Use : + ThÓ bÞ ®éng ®îc sö dông khi ta kh«ng muèn ph¶i chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm cho thø
g× ®ã.
Ex: The matter will be dealt with soon. ( we don’t know or wanr to say who’ll deal with it.)
+ ThÓ bÞ ®éng ®îc dïng khi ta muèn nhÊn m¹nh tíi ngêi hoÆc vËt chÞu t¸c ®éng cña
mét hµnh ®éng.kh«ng ®Ò cËp or quan t©m ®Õn ngêi thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.
Ex: The form has to be designed.
+ Tuy nhiªn , ngêi ta kh«ng sö dông thÓ bÞ ®éng khi muèn nhÊn m¹nh vµo t¸c nh©n
thùc hiÖn hµnh ®éng.
Ex: You should finish this letter .( Not ‘ This letter should be finished’ ) = It is you who
should finish this letter.
Tense Subject Auxiliary Past Participle
Singular Plural
1. Present simple The car/cars is are designed
(HT§)
2. Present The car/cars has been have been designed
perfect(HTHT)
3. Past The car/cars was were designed
simple(QK§)
4. Past The car/cars had been had been designed
perfect(QKHT)
5.Future(TL§) The car/cars will be will be designed
6. Future Perfect ( The car/cars will have been will have been designed
TLHT)
7. Present The car/cars is being are being designed
progressive( HTT
D)
8. Past The car/cars was being were being designed
progressive.
(QKTD)
*Note : Ngoµi ra cßn cã d¹ng bÞ ®éng ®Æc biÖt víi cÊu tróc:
Have/ get + object + past participle
I get my nails done by Marie
I am going to have my window washed.
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You should get the car checked .
I haven’t had it done since June.
Rewrite the sentences using passive voice
Ann invited Tom to the party yesterday. Some drunk drivers caused the accident in this city.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
She made a lot of mistakes in the examination. Tom will visit his parents next month.
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Our teacher has explained the English grammar.
Someone has locked the door. _____________________________________
_____________________________________ The manager didn’t phone the secretary this morning.
_____________________________________
People play football all over the world. Did Mary buy this beautiful dress?
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Have you finished the above sentences?
Our country exports rice to many countries in the _____________________________________
world. Are you going to repair those shoes?
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
How many languages do people speak in Canada?
Students often use a ruler to draw a straight line. _____________________________________
_____________________________________ Some people will interview the new president on TV.
_____________________________________
We write letters to our friends twice a month.
_____________________________________ The students have discussed the pollution problems
since last week.
When did people build that museum? _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Do they teach French in this school?
Teachers gave students a lot of homework last term. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Did the teacher give the handouts?
People ban smoking in this restaurant. _____________________________________
_____________________________________
They were cleaning the floor.
You should leave your shoes before entering the _____________________________________
room.
_____________________________________ The boys broke the window yesterday.
_____________________________________
People held the 1998 World Cup in France.
_____________________________________ They will hold a meeting before May Day.
_____________________________________
My father waters these flowers every morning.
Her mother is preparing the dinner in the kitchen. How can they open the safe?
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
We should brush our teeth twice a day.
_____________________________________ Is she making big cakes for the party?
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_____________________________________
Mary is cutting the cake with a sharp knife.
Will you invite her to your party? _____________________________________
_____________________________________
Why didn’t they help him?
_____________________________________
21. Attitudinal Adjectives ( C¸c tÝnh tõ chØ th¸i ®é )
- Cã nhiÒu cÆp adjectives tËn cïng b»ng –ing hay –ed .VD : Boring vµ bored
This is boring.
I am bored with the film.
- Sö dông c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng –ing khi muèn nãi tíi tÝnh chÊt cña mét sù vËt , sù viÖc.
- Sö dông c¸c tÝnh tõ tËn cïng b»ng –ed khi muèn nãi tíi c¶m xóc , tr¹ng th¸i t©m lý cña con ngêi.
Tom is interested in politics.
Tom finds politics interesting.
24. It was not until ………that………( kh«ng cho m·i)
Until (cho ®Õn tËn khi ) cã thÓ ®îc dïng nh giíi tõ hoÆc liªn tõ trong mÖnh ®Ò tr¹ng ng÷ chØ
thêi gian.
The cinema did not become an industry until 1915.
The girl didn’t clean the house until her mother got angry.
Rewrite sentences using “it was not until …”
1. She didn’t recover her confidence until that morning
I was not until …………………………………………………
2. He didn’t arrive at the office until half past nine.
It was not until ……………………………………………………
3. Mary didn’t work for the UN until 2004
It was not until………………………………………………………..
4. I didn’t know how to ride a bicycle until I was 15.
It was not until ……………………………………………………….
5. John didn’t finish reading my book until last Saturday.
It was not until ……………………………………………………
6. I didn’t like chocolate until I went to university.
It was not until………………………………………………….
7. No one could leave the stadium until 2.30
It was not until………………………………………………………
8. She wasn’t allowed to open her presents until her birthday.
It was not until………………………………………………………
9. We didn’t have any holidays until last summer.
It was not until………………………………………………………
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10. She didn’t stop learning German until the age of 24.
It was not until………………………………………………………
11. I couldn’t finish my project until Mark helped me.
It was not until………………………………………………………
12. they didn’t pay the bill until the electricity was cut off.
It was not until………………………………………………………
13. I didn’t sleep until midnight.
It was not until………………………………………………………
14. I couldn’t comment further until I had all the information.
It was not until………………………………………………………
15. He didn’t return to his native village until the war ended.
It was not until………………………………………………………
16. He was unable to take up the post until early the following year.
It was not until………………………………………………………
25. C¸ch sö dông cña Will vµ to be going to
- Will ®îc sö dông ®Ó chØ nh÷ng hµnh ®éng sù viÖc x¶y ra trong t¬ng lai.
S + will + V
We will visit Paris someday.
I won’t be here in June.
Will you be at home this evening?
- Cã thÓ sö dông cÊu tróc : I think I will …®Ó nãi mét dù ®Þnh , ý kiÕn nµo ®ã.
I think she will pass the exam.
- Sö dông will khi muèn ®Ò nghÞ lµm c¸i g× ®ã.
‘My case is so heavy.’ ‘I will carry it for you.’
- ‘ To be going to’ ®îc sö dông ®Ó chØ t¬ng lai gÇn.
I am going to buy some books tomorrow.
- Sù kh¸c biÖt gi÷a ‘will’ vµ ‘to be going to’ lµ ‘to be going to’ dïng ®Ó nãi tíi c¸i g× ®ã ch¾c
ch¾n sÏ x¶y ra, trong khi ‘will’ ®îc dïng víi c¸c dù ®Þnh kh«ng ch¾c ch¾c.
We will probably go out this evening.
We are going to go out.
will or be going to
1. Look at the clouds. It …. soon.(to rain)
2. Peter …15 next Wednesday.(to be)
3. We… to London this summer.(to fly)
4. Tomorrow it …in the North.(to rain)
5. Just a moment, I… you.(to help)
6. In 2010 there … more cars. (to be)
7. I think I ……………sick. I feel very tired. (to be)
8. I… a party. I have already invited my friends. (to have)
9. What .................wear for tonight’s party?
9. What .................wear for tonight’s party?
A. will you B. are you going C. are you D. are you going to
10. “Did Tom do the examination?” – “He ................. do it but in the end he changed his mind”
A. will B. is going to C. was going to D. decided
11. I ............... cross the road when somebody shouted “Stop!”.
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- §Ò c¬ng «n tËp c¶ n¨m TiÕng Anh 10
A. am going to B. was going to C. would D. will
12. I promise I ................... help you with your homework.
A. will B. would C. should D. may
13. We have run out of water. – Really? Give me the bucket and I .................. fetch some.
A. will B. go C. am going to D. can
39. We need some bread for lunch. – Oh, do we? I ................... go to the shop and get some.
A. am B. am going to C. should D. will
14. “ I will come to give you the package at eight.”
“ That will be too late because we ..................... by that hour ”
A. have gone B. will have gone C. will go D. went
15. The coach ............ announce the list of footballers at the meeting tomorrow morning. He’s got the final list.
A. is going B. shouldn’t C. is going to D. won’t
26. Comparatives and superlatives ( D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n vµ d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt.)
So s¸nh h¬n lµ h×nh thøc so s¸nh gi÷a hai
ngêi hoÆc hai vËt/sù vËt .Trong c©u thêng
sö dông THAN hoÆc cã thÓ dïng tõ nèi ( vd
So s¸nh h¬n ( Comparatives) : but)
Nam is taller than Ha.
Ha is tall, but Nam is taller.
Nam learns harder than I do.
So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt lµ c¸ch so s¸nh mét ngêi
hoÆc mét vËt víi mét nhãm ngêi/vËt . Th«ng
thêng c¸c c©u so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt co THE , bëi
So s¸nh h¬n nhÊt ( Superlatives) chØ co mét thø lµ nhÊt.
Tom is the tallest in the class.
Jukio is tall, and David is taller, but Tom is
the tallest.
Tom came the earliest in the class.
D¹ng so s¸nh h¬n vµ d¹ng so s¸nh h¬n nhÊt cña tÝnh tõ ( Comparatives and
Superlatives of Adjectives).
- §Ó h×nh thµnh d¹ng so s¸nh cña tÝnh tõ phô thuéc vµo sè lîng ©m tiÕt cña tÝnh tõ ®ã. ¢m tiÕt
lµ nh÷ng ©m ®îc ph¸t ©m thµnh tiÕng . VD: “sing” chøa mét ©m tiÕt , nhng ‘singing’ chøa 2 ©m
tiÕt –sing vµ ing.
- C¸c qui t¾c vÒ c¸c d¹ng so s¸nh víi tÝnh tõ.
TÝnh tõ – Adjective form So s¸nh h¬n - Comparative So s¸nh nhÊt( Superlative)
TÝnh tõ mét ©m tiÕt kÕt thóc Thªm – r : Thªm – st :
lµ -e.
VD : fine, cute, wide… -> wider, finer, cuter -> widest, finest, cutest
TÝnh tõ cã mét ©m tiÕt nhng Nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi vµ Nh©n ®«i phô ©m cuèi vµ
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nguon tai.lieu . vn
