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IT
ư c chia làm 5 lo i v i các ch c năng s d ng khác nhau, bao g m:
it
1. Subject pronoun ( i t nhân xưng ch ng )
I We
You You
He/ She/ It They
i t nhân xưng ch ng (còn g i là i t nhân xưng) thư ng ng v trí ch ng trong câu ho c
ng sau ng t be, ng sau các phó t so sánh như than, as, that...
I am going to the store.
We have lived here for twenty years.
The teachers who were invited to the party were George, Bill and I.
It was she who called you.
George and I would like to leave now.
We students are going to have a party.
- Ngay sau các ngôi s nhi u như we, you b n có th dùng m t danh t s nhi u làm rõ we, you là
ch cái gì.
We students are going to have a party (Sinh viên chúng tôi .....)
You guys (B n mày)
- We/ You/ They có th dùng v i all/ both. Trong trư ng h p câu có ng t ơn thì chúng i li n
v i nhau:
We all go to school now.
They both bought the ensurance
You all come shopping.
- Nhưng n u all ho c both i v i các i t này d ng câu có tr ng t thì all ho c both s ng
sau tr ng t :
We will all go to school next week.
They have both bought the insurance.
- All và Both cũng ph i ng sau ng t to be, trư c tính t
We are all ready to go swimming.
- Dùng he/she thay th cho các v t nuôi n u chúng ư c xem là có tính cách, thông minh ho c tình
c m (chó, mèo, ng a...)
Go and find the cat if where she stays in.
How's your new car? Terrrific, she is running beautifully.
- Tên nư c, tên các con tàu ư c thay th trang tr ng b ng she (ngày nay it dùng).
England is an island country and she is governed by a mornach.
Titanic was the biggest passenger ship ever built. She could carry as many as 2000 passenger
on board.
2. Complement pronoun ( i t nhân xưng tân ng )
me us
you you
him/ her/ it them
i t tân ng ng v trí tân ng ( ng sau ng t ho c gi i tr khi gi i t ó m u m t m nh
m i). B n c n phân bi t rõ i t tân ng v i i t ch ng . Ch ng là ch th c a hành ng
(gây ra hành ng), còn tân ng là i tư ng nh n s tác ng c a hành ng.
They invited us to the party last night.
The teacher gave him a bad grade.
I told her a story.
The policeman was looking for him.
ng sau us có th dùng m t danh t s nhi u tr c ti p, gi ng như i v i i t nhân xưng ch ng .
The teacher has made a lot of questions for us students.
inh Toàn Th ng - Trư ng THCS Nam L i
- http://violet.vn/thuvientonghop/
3. Possessive pronoun ( i t s h u)
mine ours
yours yours
his/ hers/ its theirs
Ngư i ta dùng i t s h u tránh kh i ph i nh c l i tính t s h u + danh t ã c p trư c ó.
Nó có nghĩa: mine = cái c a tôi; yours = cái c a (các) b n; ... Do ó chúng thay th cho danh t .
ng bao gi dùng c i t s h u l n danh t . M c dù cách vi t c a his và its i v i tính t s
h u và i t s h u là gi ng nhau nhưng b n c n phân bi t rõ hai trư ng h p này.
This is my book; that is yours. (yours = your book)
Your teacher is the same as his. (his = his teacher)
Jill’s dress is green and mine is red. (mine = my dress)
Your books are heavy, ours are heavy too. (ours = our books)
Possessive adjectives (Tính t s h u)
my our
your your
his/ her/ its their
Tính t s h u khác v i i t s h u (nêu trên ây) ch nó b nghĩa cho danh t ch không thay
th cho danh t . G i là tính t s h u vì nó th hi n tính ch t s h u c a ngư i ho c v t i v i danh
t i sau nó. Chú ý r ng cũng dùng tính t s h u i v i các b ph n trên cơ th .
John is eating his dinner.
This is not my book.
The cat has injured its foot.
The boy broke his arm yesterday.
She forgot her homework this morning.
My food is cold.
4. Reflexive pronoun ( i t ph n thân)
myself ourselves
yourself yourselves
himself/ herself / itself themselves
- Dùng di n t ch ng v a là tác nhân gây ra hành ng, v a là tác nhân nh n tác ng c a
hành ng ó. Nó ng ngay ng sau ng t ho c gi i t for, to cu i câu.
Jill bought himself a new car.
Chú ý: “Jill bought him a new car” thì câu có nghĩa khác: “him” = another person.
I washed myself
He sent the letter to himself.
She served herself in the cafeteria.
We hurt ourselves playing football
John and Mary hurt themselves in a car accident.
You can see the difference for yourselves.
- Dùng nh n m nh vi c ch ng t làm l y vi c gì, trong trư ng h p này nó ng ngay sau ch
ng ho c sau t by.
I myself believe that there is no God.
She prepared the nine-course meal by herself.
John washed the dishes by himself.
The students themselves decorated the room.
Chú ý: d ng s nhi u self bi n thành selves.
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inh Toàn Th ng - Trư ng THCS Nam L i
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