Curbing the Epidemic

D E V E L O P M E N T I N P R A C T I C E Curbing the Epidemic Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control Curbing the Epidemic Governments and the Economics of Tobacco Control T H E WO R L D BA N K WA S H I N G TO N D. C . © 1999 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/THE WORLD BANK 1818 H Street, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America First printing May 1999 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the author(s) and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use. The material in this publication is copyrighted. The World Bank encourages dissemi-nation of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions of the work promptly. Permission to photocopy items for internal or personal use, for the internal or personal use of specific clients, or for educational classroom use is granted by the World Bank, provided that the appropriate fee is paid directly to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA.; telephone 978-750-8400, fax 978-750-4470. Please contact the Copyright Clearance Center before photocopying items. For permission to reprint individual articles or chapters, please fax a request with com-plete information to the Republication Department, Copyright Clearance Center, fax 978-750-4470. All other queries on rights and licenses should be addressed to the Office of the Pub-lisher, World Bank, at the address above or faxed to 202-522-2422. Cover photo: Dr. Joe Losos, Health Canada ISBN 0-8213-4519-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jha, Prabhat, 1965– Curbing the epidemic : governments and the economics of tobacco control / Prabhat Jha, Frank J. Chaloupka p. cm. — (Development in practice) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-8213-4519-2 1. Tobacco habit—Government policy. 2. Tobacco habit—Government policy—Cost effectiveness. I. Chaloupka, Frank J. II. Title. III. Series: Development in practice (Washington, D.C.) HV5732.J43 1999 363.4—dc21 99-29266 CIP Contents FOREWORD ix PREFACE xi SUMMARY 1 1 Global Trends in Tobacco Use 13 The Costs and Consequences of Tobacco Control 8 Rising consumption in low-income and middle-income countries 13 Regional patterns in smoking 15 Smoking and socioeconomic status 15 Age and the uptake of smoking 16 Global patterns of quitting 17 2 The Health Consequences of Smoking 21 The addictive nature of tobacco smoking 21 The disease burden 22 Long delays between exposure and disease 23 How smoking kills 24 The epidemic varies in place as well as in time 25 Smoking and the health disadvantage of the poor 25 The risks from others’ smoke 26 Quitting works 27 3 Do Smokers Know Their Risks and Bear Their Costs? 29 Awareness of the risks 30 Youth, addiction, and the capacity to make sound decisions 31 Costs imposed on others 32 V ... - tailieumienphi.vn