CliffsTestPrep™TOEFL® CBT by Michael A. Pyle

http://www.xtremepapers.net CliffsTestPrep™ TOEFL CBT by Michael A. Pyle IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company Foster City, CA Chicago, IL Indianapolis, IN New York, NY About the Author Michael A. Pyle earned a bachelor’s degree in English in 1977 and a master’s degree in Linguistics in 1979. He has been involved in the field of English as a Second Language since he began work on his master’s degree in 1977. The original TOEFL test preparation book that he co-authored was created while Mike was teaching at the University of Florida’s English Language Institute and Santa Fe Community College in Gainesville, Florida in 1982. He also wrote Cliffs Advanced Practice for the TOEFL in 1992. Although Mike no longer actively teaches for any institution, he periodically makes presentations to individual classes at Daytona Beach Community College and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University in Daytona Beach, Florida. He is a member of Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages (TESOL) and regularly attends its annual meetings. He has made presentations on teaching techniques related to TOEFL at TESOL annual meetings from time to time. CliffsTestPrep™ TOEFL® CBT Published by IDG Books Worldwide, Inc. An International Data Group Company 919 E. Hillsdale Blvd. Suite 400 Foster City, CA94404 www.idgbooks.com (IDG Books Worldwide Web Site) www.cliffsnotes.com (CliffsNotes Web Site) PublisherÕ s Acknowledgments Editorial Project Editor: Joan Friedman Copy Editor: Billie A. Williams Editorial Assistant:Alison Jefferson Special Help: Constance Carlisle, audio CD producer; ripple FX, audio CD engineering; Voice Scouts, audio CD talent; Brian Talbot, Becky Wilmes, and Chuck Campbell, audio CD narration Production Proofreader: Arielle Carole Mennelle IDG Books Indianapolis Production Department Note: If you purchased this book without a cover, erty. 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THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN AND THE OPINIONS STATED HEREIN ARE NOT GUARANTEED OR WAR-RANTED TO PRODUCE ANY PARTICULAR RESULTS, AND THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OF PROFIT OR ANY OTHER COMMERCIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR OTHER DAMAGES. NOTE: THIS BOOK IS INTENDED TO OFFER GENERALINFORMATION ON THE TOEFLCBT. THE AUTHOR AND PUBLISHER ARE NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, TAX, ACCOUNTING, INVESTMENT, REAL ESTATE, OR SIMILAR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. ALTHOUGH LEGAL, TAX, ACCOUNTING, INVESTMENT, REAL ESTATE, AND SIMILAR ISSUES ADDRESSED BY THIS BOOK HAVE BEEN CHECKED WITH SOURCES BE-LIEVED TO BE RELIABLE, SOME MATERIAL MAY BE AFFECTED BY CHANGES IN THE LAWS AND/OR INTERPRETATION OF LAWS SINCE THE MANUSCRIPT IN THIS BOOK WAS COMPLETED. THEREFORE, THE ACCURACY AND COMPLETENESS OF THE INFORMATION PROVIDED HEREIN AND THE OPINIONS THAT HAVE BEEN GENERATED ARE NOT GUARANTEED OR WARRANTED TO PRODUCE PARTICULAR RESULTS, AND THE STRATEGIES OUTLINED IN THIS BOOK MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY INDIVIDUAL. IF LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, TAX, INVEST-MENT, REAL ESTATE, OR OTHER EXPERTADVICE IS NEEDED OR APPROPRIATE, THE READER IS STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO OBTAIN THE SERVICES OF APROFESSIONAL EXPERT. Trademarks: TOEFL is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service. Cliffs, CliffsTestPrep, CliffsNote-a-Day, CliffsNotes, and all related logos and trade dress are registered trademarks or trademarks of IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., in the United States and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. IDG Books Worldwide is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. is a registered trademark under exclusive license to IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., from International Data Group, Inc. Author’s Acknowledgments Writing a book requires a considerable amount of research and work, and once it is completed, it is natural to feel a great relief. I only hope that you find it as helpful as students have found the two earlier texts I wrote. I very much appreciate the feedback I have received from students and teachers over the years on the original texts. I am grateful to Joyce Pepple and Greg Tubach for asking me to write an-other Cliffs book. I am particularly thankful to Joan Friedman for all the work that she and her staff did in the actual production, revision, and completion of the text itself. My father-in-law, Dr. Manuel Lopez Figueras, of Merida, Venezuela, again helped me write a new passage about his specialty, lichens. My friend Dr. Arnold Vera, a physician specializing in endocrinology in Ormond Beach, Florida, assisted me greatly in writing the passage about diabetes. I also wish to thank Alejandro Muñoz and his family for taking us all over Mexico, including on a tour of the Don Julio Tequila processing plant in Atotonilco-Jalisco. Nowadays, I am a lawyer with a busy law office. I very much appreciate those members of my staff who were sometimes affected by my work on the book, espe-cially when they had to handle the legal work for clients because I was locked in my room trying to meet a deadline. Those employees are Trisha Dellinger, Stacey Rahm, Michelle Hall, Tracy Stafford, Kathy Strawn, and Sheila Semanisin. Sheila regularly had to fax and overnight documents. Tracy even stepped in to draw fig-ures for me on short notice. And Steve Rahm has done a magnificent job creating our toeflcourse.com Web site. I appreciate Verna Londoño and the administrators of Daytona Beach Community College and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University for inviting me to speak to their students from time to time so that I could gauge the quality of what I had written. I also appreciate how open and cooperative Gena Netten and others in the TOEFL office have been with me and other TOEFL authors. Without information from them, we would all be guessing about what to present to the readers. As always, I am grateful to my wife, Maria, and children, Michelle and Michael, Jr., for putting up with my working so many hours as well as providing ideas for sample items. I was even receiving and returning text via e-mail while on a cruise with the family in the Carribean. And most of all, thanks to you, the reader, for choosing this book. I hope that you will find it useful and I welcome your feedback. Visit the Web site and e-mail me with your comments and questions. iii ... - tailieumienphi.vn