Chapter 3: Cohesion in English discourse

HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF ENGLSH & MODERN LANGUAGES DISCOURSE ANALYSIS Chapter 3: Cohesion in English discourse FULL NAME : NGUYỄN THANH THẢO CLASS : KT4A Tháng 12 năm 2012 I/ Grammatical cohesion 1. Reference 1.1 Definition: Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) was born into an upper bourgeois (middle-class) family in Normandy, France. After serving in the army, without enough money to continue his law studies, he became a civil servant, working in various ministries in Paris. At the same time, be studied writing with the author Gustave Flaubert. The extraordinary success of his art between 1880 and 1890, Maupassant published nearly three hundred stories. He also wrote essays, plays, poetry, and novels, including Pierre et Jean (1888). His work has influenced countless numbers of writers around the world, including Anton Chekhov and Kate Chopin John looked out of the window. He thought he saw a shape in the bushes. Could it be a fox? Mary had told him about the foxes. However, nobody had seen one for months. 1.2 Classification a) Based on pointing direction Reference Exophoric Endophoric Anaphoric Cataphoric • Exophoric reference The book is over there For she is a jolly good fellow and so say all of us Take a look at this. They’re playing football and he kicks it and it goes through there it breaks the window and they’re looking at it and he comes out and shouts at them… Pass me the towel They’re playing football and he kicks it and it goes through there it breaks the window and they’re looking at it and he comes out and shouts at them… • Endophric Three boys are playing football and one boy kicks the ball and it goes through the window and the boys are looking at it and a man comes out and shouts at them • Anaphoric reference The monkey took the banana and ate it Pam went home because she felt sick My girlfriend and I met my lawyer for a drink, but she became ill and had to leave. "If a man has talent and can`t use it, he`s failed." "If a man has talent and can`t use it, he`s failed." "No woman can call herself free until she can choose consciously whether she will or will not be a mother." "In peace, sons bury their fathers. In war, fathers bury their sons." "Laws are like sausages; it is better not to see them being made." "Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her daughters have been afraid of it since." "Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her daughters have been afraid of it since." Monte Brooks, 67, theatrical producer and band leader, collapsed and died Thursday in a Lloyd Center restaurant. He lived at 6124 N. Willamette Blvd. • Cataphoric reference A few weeks before he died, my father gave me an old cigar box filled with faded letters. In `The Pendulum Years,` his history of the 1960s, Bernard Levin writes of the `collective insanity which seized Britain. If she were alive today, [Barbara] Tuchman would surely be preparing to pen fresh furious pages tonight, as the president seeks to rally his faltering domestic popularity with summonses of support. "You must remember this: A kiss is just a kiss A sigh is just a sigh. It must have been tough on your mother, not having any children. Too scared to buy before they sell, some homeowners aim for a trade. So I just want to say this to the Congress: An America that buys much more than they sell year in and year out is an America that is facing economic and military disaster. After she declared herself `broken, betrayed, at bay, really low` in another organ yesterday, I`m not sure the Diary should even mention poor Bel Mooney`s name. `When he arrived, John noticed that the door was open`. ... - tailieumienphi.vn