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Chapter 3
Focus A 2. Oaks can grow very old and very large, and
Guided Practice
01 Hide Preparation
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (E)
02 Succession
1. (F) 2. (B) 3. (E)
their acorns may have been an early human food.
3. Oaks were so important in the past for construction that people made myths about them and even worshipped them.
4. Even nowadays, oak is an important resource for fuel and carpentry.
03 Constellations
1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A) Focus B
Summary
01 Literature Sample response:
Guided Practice
01 Geology Suggested answer:
1. Through literature, we can learn about the world in three main ways.
2. First, we learn about people by reading the experiences of the author.
3. Second, we learn about history when we read stories written in the past.
4. Last, the writing itself can teach us about the language we use.
This passage describes the different branches of geology. The first of these branches of geology looks at the rocks and land inside the Earth. On the other hand, physical oceanography looks at the oceans and the rocks beneath them. Next, the passage describes historical geology, which may involve the study of fossils, and economic geology, which deals with the search for minerals and fuels.
02 The Renaissance Sample response:
02 Evaluating Sources Suggested answer:
1. The Renaissance was a period of remarkable change.
2. People’s major concern shifted from God to humans.
3. Art, philosophy, and education emphasized the achievements of people.
4. People stopped living for a future life and started living for their present one.
This passage explains how to evaluate different sources of information. First, we should consider if the source is a primary source, which means the writer gives first-hand information, or if the source is a secondary source, which means the writer gives second-hand information. Another point to consider is whether the source is presenting facts or opinions. Finally, we should look at when the source was
written, as older sources may have outdated 03 Oaks information.
Sample response:
1. For a long time, oaks have been important trees to people.
678 Answer Key
03 Machines Suggested answers:
This passage explains three examples of simple machines: levers, pulleys, and wheels and axles. Simple machines like these are useful because they can multiply the force applied to them and
learned silver working from the Navajo. Eventually, turquoise became more important than silver in Zuni pieces. Finally, the passage describes Hopi sil-ver works. They first learned this craft from the Zuni and later formed a silver works guild with soldiers from World War II.
they can change the direction of that force. Levers are used to lift and push. Pulleys are used to lift heavy objects. Wheels and axles are used to turn large wheels.
Summary
01 Vitamins Sample response:
This passage examines some facts and myths about vitamins and health. It first mentions the belief that taking Vitamin C can cure a cold is not true. Next, it states that being careful about taking Vitamin D is a good idea because too much can cause health damage. Finally, the passage warns against the belief that people should take a lot of Vitamin A; in fact, too much Vitamin A can also cause health problems.
02 The Earth Sample response:
This passage describes different ways that the age of the Earth has been calculated. It first tells about an older technique that calculated age based on the idea that lower layers of rock are older than higher layers. Another, more accurate, technique mentioned in the passage is measuring the radioactive particles from rocks. By using this second method, scientists have concluded that the Earth is about 4.5 billion years old.
03 Silver Work Sample response:
This passage discusses the silver works of three different First Nations. It first explains about the Navajo people. They learned how to silver work from Mexicans and later added turquoise to their silver jewelry. Next, it describes how the Zuni people
679
Listening Chapter 1
Skill A Skill B 01 01
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (A) 1. (B) 2. (C) 3. (A)
4. Don’t SKIP meals / Eat when you are HUNGRY / Eat REGULAR meals / Eat fruit, VEGETABLES,
meats, and grains
4. Also called: SOUTH POLE Was attached to: AUSTRALIA
Lowest temp.: -88˚C
02
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B), (C)
Only humans there: SCIENTISTS
02
4. Known: year of BIRTH, year of DEATH / 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) Unknown: month of BIRTH, name of LOVER 4. need: STUDENT ID CARD / can use these
03
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (D)
facilities: SWIMMING pool, GYM, WEIGHT ROOM
03
4. Physical changes: stored energy in fat, SLOW 1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B)
BREATHING, LOW or SLOW HEART RATE /
Animals that hibernate: BEARS, snakes, FROGS
4. COMEDY - happy endings
TRAGEDY - hero ruins his life
04
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. Storage: (over) 5,000 songs
Size: 9.1 cm (3.6 inches) tall / 5 cm (2 inches) wide
05
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (D)
4. SPORT / Ex. the PERSISTENCE Hunt / Who: the SAN people / What: hunted ANTELOPE / How: ran for as long EIGHT HOURS / too TIRED
06
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (C)
4. Be SPECIFIC, State EXACTLY what is needed / Be POSITIVE, Use POLITE language / Remember the GOLDEN rule
07
1. (B) 2. (C), (D) 3. (A)
4. Parking spaces are LIMITED / Freshmen CAN’T PARK / A LOTTERY determines who can park / Winners must pay MONEY to park
08
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (B)
4. use INDEX cards / front of card: write (NEW) WORD / back of card: top - write ENGLISH DEFINITION, bottom - write SENTENCE (USING
WORD) and (DRAW A) PICTURE
TRAGICOMEDY - unexpected endings 04
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. BLUE rays scatter most
RED rays scatter least
YELLOW rays scatter neither most nor least 05
1. (D) 2. (A) 3. (A), (D)
4. keep in DORM ROOM / let them OUT or WALK in the room / give them BATHS or FOOD / take them back to the BEACH
06
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B), (C) 4. important aspects of reading: SPEED,
UNDERSTANDING, enjoyment, REMEMBERING 07
1. (D) 2. (D) 3. (B)
4. Why don’t we get enough? --- LONG winters, not going OUTSIDE often, few FOODS have much of it How can we get more? --- eating FISH, getting more SUNSHINE
08
1. (B) 2. (D) 3. (C)
4. LICENSE PLATE --- lets others know who’s driving LADDER --- helps spiders get out of bathtubs (PORTABLE) SEAT --- provides a chair to sit on
wherever you are
680 Answer Key
Skill C 01
1. (C) 2. (C) 3. (B)
08
1. (B)
4. (A) LINE
2. (A), (B), (C) 3. (A)
(B) (LINE) SEGMENT (C) POINT
4. Determining GRADES / mid-term = 15 PERCENT, final = 30 PERCENT / first essay = 10 PERCENT,
second essay = 30 PERCENT / attendance and
Review A-C
PARTICIPATION = 15 percent
02
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (D)
4. read a NEWSPAPER / make a list of EIGHT to ten new words / look them up in a DICTIONARY /
write them in your vocabulary NOTEBOOK
Vocabulary Review
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (A) 4. (C) 5. (B) 6. (C) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (B) 11. (D) 12. (C)
13. (B) 14. (D) 15. (C)
03 16. fortune 17. determined 18. multiply 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (C) 19. continuously 20. specific 21. (O)
4. painted by: DA VINCI / is often: COPIED / has an 22. (S) 23. (O) 24. (S) interesting: SMILE / doesn’t have any: EYEBROWS 25. (O)
04
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (D) 4. were good WEAVERS
materials: ANIMAL HAIR/WOOL, vegetable fibers, COTTON
methods: by hand, BY LOOM products: BASKETS, blankets, CLOTHES
05
Skill Review
01
1. (A) 4. (A)
02
1. (C)
4. (B)
2. (A), (C) 5. (B)
2. (B)
5. (A)
3. (B) 6. (A)
3. (B), (D)
6. (B)
1. (A) 2. (C) 3. (C)
4. Turtles are DISAPPEARING in Mexico.
Causes: they LAY EGGS on the beach, people EAT/TAKE THE EGGS
How to help: call the ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION hotline, look up www.enviro.com on the INTERNET
06
1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B)
4. When? this YEAR / Who? CHOI MIN-SOO / What? machine that LESSENS noise / Why? help people who need QUIET
07
1. (C) 2. (B) 3. (B)
4. Development: When? OVER 2,500 YEARS AGO, Where? CHINA / Method: Uses what? NEEDLES,
How many body spots? 787
Skill D 01
1. (C) 2. (D)
3. Nova Scotia College of Art --- (B), (C); Transcript Office --- (A), (D)
4. wants to TRANSFER / needs her TRANSCRIPT / can get it at TRANSCRIPT OFFICE / will get it in 3 OR 4 DAYS
02
1. (C) 2. (A)
3. Yes --- (A), (D); No --- (B), (C)
4. What? saying USED TOO OFTEN / How learned? From OTHERS / Example? I LOVE CHOCOLATE.
03
1. (B) 2. (A)
3. advantages --- (B), (C); disadvantages --- (A), (D)
Answer Key 681
4. public schools are too DANGEROUS / education level is too LOW / freedom to teach RELIGION /
can give students ATTENTION
4. YELLOW card = warning / RED card = can’t play anymore / Soccer or FOOTBALL, has many RULES,
basic rule: don’t HURT ANOTHER PLAYER
04 03
1. (A) 2. (C) 1. Mark Twain --- (A), (B); Train Conductor --- (C), (D) 3. 19th century --- (A), (B) / 20th century --- (C), (D) 2. (A) 3. (D)
4. born in GERMANY / attended university in
SWITZERLAND / left GERMANY / moved to USA
4. Boarded TRAIN in New York / couldn’t get room
on SLEEPING coach / conductor thought Twain
05
1. (A) 2. (B)
was GENERAL MCCLELLAN / conductor gave him
room in FIRST class
3. Yes --- (B), (C), (D); No --- (A) 04
4. Why? His body NEEDS MORE OXYGEN / Why?
Oxygen CLEANS YOUR BLOOD / How to get
1. Enjoy meeting people --- (B), (C)
Quiet and thoughtful --- (A), (D)
more Oxygen? BREATH DEEPLY 2. (D) 3. (B)
06
1. (C) 2. (D)
4. Most important: PERSONALITY / SOCIAL status /
Have to do the JOB every day
3. Largest --- (C), (D); Smallest --- (A), (B) 05
4. Where: lies between ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC, 1. Yes --- (B), (C); No --- (A), (D) 300 km north of ANTARCTICA / Facts: 1500 km 2. (A) 3. (A)
wide at equator, has 12 countries
07
1. (D) 2. (B)
3. Category --- (A); Process --- (B), (C), (D)
4. Simple ways to EXERCISE / WALK up stairs / Squeeze a TENNIS BALL --- Helps you RELAX / Walk BACKWARDS --- Strengthens the BACK of
your legs
4. When? NEXT WEEK / Where? STUDENT CENTER / 06
What? students photos of NATURE, STUDENTS, 1. normally --- (B), (D); slowly --- (A), (C) PROFESSORS, BUILDINGS 2. (C) 3. (B)
08
1. (D) 2. (C)
3. China --- (C); Rome --- (A); The Bible --- (B)
4. how fast? 2,200 km/h, once a day it TURNS AROUND / SLOWER than Earth’s, moon gets
TWO WEEKS of night and TWO WEEKS of day
4. information about NUMBERS OF PEOPLE / helps 07
GOVERNMENTS / early examples from CHINA, 1. Man --- (B), (C); Woman --- (A), (D) THE BIBLE, ROMAN EMPIRE 2. (A) 3. (A)
4. TV SHOW (George Washington) / INTERNET (too
many sites) / VIDEO (professor could recommend Skill E one)
01
1. Yes --- (B), (C); No --- (A), (D) 2. (A) 3. (D)
4. too HOT to visit / once had RIVERS and oceans, has TWO moons
02
08
1. Detail --- (B); Color --- (C); Movement --- (A) 2. (B) 3. (D)
4. How to REMEMBER things better Give objects THREE qualities
DETAIL COLOR MOVEMENT
1. Yellow Card --- (A), (C); Red Card --- (B), (D) 2. (B) 3. (B)
682 Answer Key
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