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  1. CHfNH TR! - AN NINH CHAU AU MOT SO K a QUn TRONG CHINH SflCH DOI NGOni CUR U€N XO V03 c a c R i r ^ C x a TiQl Cljfi TlQTfiK ii B0RQ A (1945-1985) QUA NGUON Sir LIEU LIEN XO/NGA TS. Nguyen Thi Hong Van Vien Sir hoc Vi thi qude tl cua Lien Xd sau Chiln the gidi phd bien quan niem cho ring: Chiln tranh thi gidi thii Hai dugc cimg cd kha tranh Lanh la cude doi diu khong khoan vung chic. Cude Chien tranh Lanh nl ra sau nhugng giiia My va cac nude ding minh ciia do khdng lau khdng lam thay ddi vai trd ciia hg vdi cac nude XHCN diing diu la Lien Lien X6 nhu mgt trong nhiing nude dan dau Xd'. ciia tien trinh chinh tri the gidi. Nhung mau CJ khu vuc Ddng A, cuoc Chien tranh thuan phat sinh ben trong nhirng nude timg Lanh chang may choc da bien thanh chiln la ddng minh trudc day cd coi ngudn tu tranh "nong": do la cude noi chien d Trung tudng rat sau xa da bude nhiing nude cdn lai QuIc (1945-1949), chiln tranh Triiu Tien phai cd sir lira chgn tuong ling. Su lira chgn (1950-1953) va cude chien tranh chong Phap nay nhilu khi khdng xuit phat tir Idng tu d cac nude Ddng Duong (1946-1954). Sau nguyen ma dien ra vdi su can thiep tir ben dd, cac cude xung dot vii trang nay khong ngoai, dudi anh hudng cua nhumg hoan canh chi mang tinh cue bd ma con tao ra xu the chinh tri khac nhau, noi ma cac luc lugng dii dau giiia Lien Xd va My - nhiing nude dii diu (Lien Xd va My) cd quan diem dii tham gia vao cac cude xung dot nay mgt lap vdi nhau. Cac qude gia d khu vuc Ddng each true tiep hoac gian tiep, bang each cung A ciing khdng nim ngoai qui luat nay. d p vu khi, cd van quan su hoac dudi cac hinh thiic vien tro khac cho cac ben tham Thuat ngu "Chiln tranh Lanh" dugc gidi bao chi phuong Tay su dung tir nam 1946 nhim diln ta mdt bdi canh quIc tl cue \ ~ ~ I Z . X ^-rw luioiii uiwii ici iiiv n 1 Q^. KopHHCHKO Y. XojlOOHOfl eOUHa. ky cang t h i n g , mgt cude ddi d i u ae liet giua Ceudemenbcmeo eeynacmuuKa. M., 2001. C. 31-38; CrapoaySoB B. Cynepdepoicaebi XX eena. chu nghia t u ban v a chu nghTa x a hgi, dac CmpamezunecKoe npomueo6opcmeo. M., 2001. C. 6- u--^ 1' •- x/r- A T :s« YA trnno a\a\ rfnnn 9; CoeemcKaH eueuiuHH nojiumuKa e eodbi "xonodH bi?t la giua My va Lien Xo, trong giai doan ^^^^^,. (1945.1985). Hoeoenpoumeuue. M., 1995. tir giiia nhiing n a m 4 0 d i n c u l i nhiing nam 505; Kaaanyee K). H. MeoKdynapodHbie omHouieHUR » , .^^ , u eueuiNMi nojtumuKa Poccuu (XX e.). PocTOB-Ha- 80 dIu nhiing nam 90 ciia the ky XX. Tren j^^^^ HOBOCH6HPCK, 2002. C. 204-206 H ap.
  2. 88 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011 chien. Miic do tham gia cua cac nude Ddng bd phan phu thudc, ngudi "em lit" ludn bilt A vao cac cude xung dot vii trang, anh nghe loi ciia Lien Xd. Tham chi neu khdng hudng cua Lien Xd hoac My len timg phan cd sir chi dao va cho phep cua cac nha lanh trong khu vuc, quan diem tu tudng cua dao Xd viet, chinh quyen Mdng Cd khong nhiing ngudi lanh dao nude nay hay nude thdng qua bit cii quylt dinh quan trgng nao^. khac, la nhiing nhan td chii yeu xac dinh Hai nha nude Lien Xd va Mdng Cl quan he cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac qude gia trong gan 70 nam phat trien tren nen tang ciia Ddng A. md hinh cgng san. O Ulan-Bato da quen vdi Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi mudn viec phuc timg vd dieu kien cac chi thi cua de cap den mgt sd ket qua cua chinh sach ddi Kremli, tir viec tien hanh cac cuoc bat bd, ngoai cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac nude xa hgi thanh trimg den viec td chiic ddi sdng kinh chu nghTa d Ddng A cho den nam 1985, te. He thdng chinh tri va cac quan he xa hoi thong qua cac ngudn sir lieu cua Lien ciing phat trien theo md hinh nay. Chinh X6/Nga trong thdi gian gan day. Tdng Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong Dang Cdng san Lien Xd M. X. Gorbachop 1. Quan he cua Lien X6 doi vdi Mong da timg ndi: "Ddi vai Mdng Cd, Lien Xd ludn Co cd mdi quan he mat thiet vd gdn giii Tgi cdc Trong sudt thdi gian dai, quan he giiia Bd ciia chung ta da quen coi Mdng Cd nhu Lien Xd va Mdng Cd ludn ludn gan giii va la mgt trong nhitng nude Cdng hda cita mat thiet^. Sau cude chinh bien nam 1921, tai minh, ngodi ra cd mgt sd y kien, trong do cd Mdng Cd da tuyen bd thanh lap nude CHND cd tic phia Mdng Cd, ddt vdn de sap nhdp Mdng Cd - mgt qude gia chiu anh hudng sau Mdng Cd vao Lien bangXd vie^". sac cua Lien bemg Xd viet. Su lac hau cd huu, vi tri dia ly lien ke, xu hudng banh Quan he cang thang giura Lien Xd va trudng eua nha cam quyin Trung Qude va Trung Quoc vao cudi nhiing nam 50 dau Nhat Ban la nhiing nhan td quan trgng tac nhiing nam 60 cua the ky XX da lam cho ddng din Mdng Cd, biln qude gia nay thanh quan he Lien Xd - Mdng Cd them khang kbit. Nam 1964, quan dgi Xd vilt da cd mat CM.: BaacanoB E. n . CCCP u AauamcKo- tai Mdng Cd, danh dau viec hoan tit lien muxooKeaHCKuH pezuoH. M.,1991. C. 33-34; minh Xd-M6ng ehdng Trung Quoc. Thang BacHJibeB JI. C. Hcmopun Bocmoxa. T. 2. M., 2001. C. 446-447; njiemaKOB K. Feo-udeojiozuiecKKaH 11-1967 da thilt lap cac can cii ten lua ciia napaduaMa. M.,1994. C. 61, 70, 76-77; Mcmopwi MeoKdynapodHbix omHOwenuu u eHeuineu nojiumuKU CCCP. T. 3. (1970-1987). M.,1987. C. 218-219; CoKoaHHCKHH B., CoHHHxaMHp H. UepecmpoHKa e ^ BacHJibeB Jl. C. Mcmopux Bocmoxa. T. 2. C. 446. cocedneH cmpaue: ontim. npodjieMbi, nepcneKmueti // * ropSaneB M. C. )Ku3Hb u peipopjubi. KH. 2. M., Aswi u A^puKa ceaodHH. 2000. J^s 12. C. 10-12; H ap. 1995. C. 465.
  3. MM ijokH gud... 89 Lien Xd tren lanh thd Mdng Cl. Din nam giura hai nude da ky ket hiep udc bi mat ve 1969, tren dit Mdng Cd duy tri tir 8-10 trung quan su'. doan quan ddi Xd vilt^. Tuy vay, quan he mat thiet nay tdn tai Hien trang tren khdng thay ddi cho din khdng lau. Den cudi nhung nam 50 bat dau nam 1985. Cimg vdi qua trinh cai t l d Lien xuat hien nhiing ran mit va mau thuan trong Xd, cac nha lanh dao Mdng Cd bit diu lo ITnh vuc tu tudng - chinh tri va kinh tl. Su ngai va td ra liing tiing. Hg da thi hanh mgt bit ddng vl tu tudng va nhiing quan dilm sl bien phap nham ngan chan anh hudng eua khac nhau ve tinh hinh qude te cuoi cimg dan cai td, kim ham sir lay lan cac boat ddng den su cang thang trong quan he X6-Trung tuong tu sang lanh thd cua minh^. va sir bat hgp tac giiia hai Dang Cgng san Lien Xd va Trung Qude^. Nam 1969 xay ra 2. Quan hf Lien Xd - Trung Quoc nhilu cude xung dot dii ddi tren bien gidi Khac vdi Mdng Cd, Trung Qude - mgt Xd-Trung, trong dd Idn nhat la su kien tren trung tam va thanh tri khac cua chu nghTa xa dao Damanxki. Quan he Trung-X6 trd nen hgi d Ddng A, khdng phai la mgt ding minh hit siic cang thing. Ket thiic giai doan "hum triet dl va nhit quan cua Lien Xd. Ngay 1- nghi vT dai" giura Lien Xd va Trung QuIc. 10-1949, nude CHND Trung Hoa tuyen bl Trung QuIc tir dd tudt khdi anh hudng cua thanh lap. Ngay 14-2-1950, Lien Xd'va Lien Xd. Trung QuIc da ky kit Hiep udc ddng minh Sir cang thing trong quan he vdi Trung vd tuang trg Idn nhau. Theo Hiep udc nay, QuIc huge Lien Xd phai di tim nhiing diem hai nude da thilt lap sir hgp tac chat che vl tua mdi cho viec thuc hien chiln luge dii chinh tri va kinh tl. Cuoc chiln tranh Triiu ngoai d Ddng A. Trung tam "each mang" Tien cd anh hudng quan trgng, that chat them mli quan he Xd-Trung. Thang 10-1957 ' CM.: KaaanueB K). H. MeotcdynapodHbie omHOiueHUH u eneuiHfiH nojiumuna Poccuu. M.: 2002. C. 201; JIH Ll3HHii3e. KumaiicKO-poccuiicKue omnouieHUfi u cmepuKaHCKUU (paxmop // Aaun u A^puKa cezodtM. 2002. X? 3. C. 46-47; IXneiiiaKOB K. reo-HfleojiOFHHecKaa napaflHFMa. C, 59-63; ' noflpo6HO CM.: BaMcanoB E. Tl. CCCP u AsuamcKO- ' 0 6 3T0M nHmyr: BaxcanoB E. 11. KumaH u euetuHUU muxooKeaHCKua peeuoH. C. 33-34; TIjiemaKoeK. Teo- Mup. M., 1990. C. 34-35; ropSaieB M. C. :aCH3Hi, H pe4>opMbi. KH. 2. C. 430; JIH LlaHHioe. KumaUcKO- udeojioautecKoa napaduzMa. C. 55, 70, 75-76; poccuUcKue omHOtueHUR u aMepuKaHOcuu (paxmop // BacHJibeB JI. C. HcmopuH BocmoKO. T. 2. C. 446-447 AsuH u A4>puKa cezodhH. 2002. Jfe 3. C. 47; Hflp. HHKHUieHKO C.A. ' IIoflpoSHO o6 3T0M CM.: Ba)KaHOB E. IT. CCCP u ; IlnemaKOB K. Teo-HaeojiorHHecKaa napaflHFMa. MoKflyHapoflHwii eaceroflHHK. 1988. C. 95; C. 65-69; XasanoB A. M. KumaitCKO-coeemcKue CoKOJiHHCKHfi B., CoHHHTaMHp H. UepecmpoiiKa e cocedheH cmpane: onttm, npo6jieMbi, nepcneicmuebt // omuouieHUH u "xojiodHox eoina" // BocmoK. 1998. W " A3UH u Acppwca cezodhx. 2000. Ks 12. C. 10-12 H ap. 3.C. 152-154 Hflp.
  4. 90 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011 trong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d nghi Trung-Xd. Sau khi Lien Xd dua quan chau A chuyen tir Trung Qude sang cac nude vao Afganixtan thang 12-1979, Bg Ngoai Ddng Duong - noi hgi tu day du nhung tien giao Trung Qude tuyen bd: "Su xam luge de quan trgng trong thdi ky hau chien . ciia cua qudn ddi Xd viit a Afganixtan de dga hda binh tren todn the gidi, ddng thai de Quan he Xd-Trung dac biet cang thang dga true tiep an ninh cua Trung Qude, tgo ra hon sau khi quan ddi Viet Nam tien vao rdo cdn mdi trong viec binh thudng hda Campuchia nam 1978. Lien Xd ung hd Viet quan he giiia hai nude. Trong bdi cdnh dy, Nam trong viec gay anh hudng d khu vuc viec tiep tuc cdc cuoc ddi thogi Trung-Xd Id Ddng Duong, cd nghTa la ddi dau vdi Trung dieu vd nghia"^^. Qude trong khu vuc nay . Trong khi dd, d Ddng Nam A tdn tai mgt nhdm nude kien Nhumg diu hieu tich cue dau tien trong quyet ehdng lai chinh sach can thiep ve quan quan he Xd-Trung chi xuat hien vao mua su cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia. Hon niia, xuan nam 1982, sau khi Tdng Bi thu L. I. su cd mat cua quan ddi Lien Xd tai vinh Bregiomhep cdng nhan tai Tasken, ring Cam Ranh ciing gay nen sir bat binh cho ca Trung Qude la nude XHCN va tuyen bo My va Trung Qude, ciing nhu cac nude rang. Lien Xd khdng theo dudi muc dich ASEAN. Ket qua la vao dau nhiing nam 80 xam luge, khdng cd tranh chap gi ve lanh tho da hinh thanh mgt lien minh bao gdm My, vdi Trung Qude. Quan diem cua Trung Quoc Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, cac qude gia dugc trinh bay cu the tai Dai hdi Dang lan ASEAN chong lai su hien dien cua quan dgi thii XII (thang 11 nam 1982), trong Dilu le Viet Nam (dugc sir hau thuan cua Lien Xd) d Mdi cua Dang Cdng san Trung Qude, sau do campuchia. dugc chinh thiic cdng bd trong Hien phap Ngay 3-4-1979, chinh phu Trung QuIe nude Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa (thong tir choi gia ban Hiep udc Ddng minh va Huru qua ngay 4-12-1982). Thay ddi can ban trong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Trung Qude vdi Lien Xd dugc the hien chii ylu d nhiing ' noflpo6HO CM.: Gaiduk I. Lien bangXo viet vd chien dilm sau: tranh Vi?t Nam. Yik Npi. Tr. 64-69; KaaanueB K). H. MeoKdynapodHbie omuouieHUH u euetuHHsi nojiumuKa Poccuu. C. 202; IliieiiiaKOB K. Feo-udeojioauHecKasi napaduzMa. C. 80-81, 84-85; IIoTanoB A. Cmaptiii dpya - nadeoKHbii dpyz // Aawi u AtppuKa ceaodtm. 2002. J « 7. C. 34 H ap. V CM.: HoaHecHH C. H. AKmyantHbie npodjicMbi " CM.: HoanecxH C. H. AKmyanbHtie npo6neMU BocmoHHoao MndoKuman // BocmoK. 1999. Jfe J. C. BocmoHHOZo HndoKumoH // BocmoK. 1999. Xs 5. C. 168; Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988; rDiemaKOB K. Teo- 168; Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988; ILiemaKOB K. Teo- udeojioauHecKan napaduaMa. C. 84; MaiuiHH B. H. udeonozuHecKCiH napaduzMa. C. 84; MarmHH B. R BbemnoM: anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu. BbemHOM: anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu. 2000.Jf2 4/5. C. 83. 2000. Ks 4/5. C. 83.
  5. MM i^UA qjuA... 91 1) Loai bd luan dilm cho ring "ngudn da xuat hien hai nha nude: CJ phan phia Nam gdc nguy hilm co ban cua cude chiln tranh tuyen bd thanh lap nude Cdng hda Triiu thi gidi mdi la Lien Xd"; Tien than My, tai khu vuc phia BIC nude 2) Loai bd sir d n thilt thanh lap "mat CHDCND Triiu Tien ddng minh cua Lien tran quoc tl thing nhat" (bao gdm ca My) Xd. nhim ehdng lai "chu nghTa ba quyin Xd Sau khi Trieu Tien bi chia cit khdng lau 12 vilt" da diln ra nhiing boat ddng nhim thing nhit Sir kien M. X. Gorbachdp dugc blu lam ban dao bing vii luc. Nhumg cude xung dot Ting Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong vii trang xay ra lien tuc tren vT tuyIn 38*'* da Dang Cdng san Lien Xd da tao ra nhirng bien thanh cude chien tranh ae Uet (1950- 1953). Hai Nha nude cua cimg mgt dan tgc phan ling tich cue tir phia Trung QuIc. Lin chiln diu ehdng lai nhau. Thuc chit, cuoc dau tien sau nhieu nam gian doan, Trung chien tranh Trieu Tien la cude cude chiln QuIc chinh thiic ggi Lien Xd la "Nha nude tranh khong tuyen bd giiia Lien X6 va My XHCN". Di theo eon dudng hien dai hda. (dudi chieu bai Lien hgp quoc'^), keo theo Ban Lanh dao mdi cua Trung Qude nhan sir tham chiln cua hang chuc quIc gia, trong thiic dugc sir can thiet phai dap tat cude ddi dd cd Trung Qude va Nhat Ban. Cude chiln dau dai dang va nguy hiem giiia Matxeova tranh Trieu Tien dan den su thay ddi quan va BIC Kinh. Bude dot pha trong quan he trgng vl dia - ehinh tri: quan ddi My chiem X6-Trung trudc hit gan lien vdi cdng cude dong lau dai khu vuc phia Nam ciia ban dao. cai to d Lien Xd. 3. Quan he Lien X6 - BIC Trieu Tien u HoeeHmasi ucmopuH. 2001. J^s 6. C. 32-33; KasanueB lO. H. MeotcdyHapodnbie omHouieHUH u Sau Chiln tranh thi gidi thii Hai, Trieu eneuiHsui nojiumuxa Poccuu (XX e.). C. 257-258; Tien va cac nude Ddng Duong, gilng nhu KoBajieB A. B. UojiumuKa CUIA u Jlnouuu HO KopeiicKOM nojiyocmpoee. M., 1990. C. 19-21; Trung Qude, nim trong khu vuc chien sir. CeprecB 11. MmubCKue udbi K Ceeepy u lOay om 38 napajuienu // Asusi uAtppuKa ceaodrm. 2000. N« 10. C. Triiu Tien ngay lap tiic trd thanh vat hy sinh 20-21 Hflp. cua sir dii diu Xd-My. Cac quIc gia thing '* Day li gidi tuySn gitta hai vfing kiem sodt cua My \h Lien X6 sau khi tiSp nhan s\r diu h^ng cua quSn tran, sau khi giai phdng ban dao Trieu Tien d$i Nhat Ban, dugrc th^nh l^ip theo sdng ki6n cua My thang 8-1945. N6 tro th^h bien gi
  6. 92 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011 Hau qua cua cude chien tranh nay that khdn uTtg mgi yeu cdu cua Binh Nhuang ve vii khi ludng, tin that ve ngudi va vat chat d ca phia vd vien trg kinh te '*... BIC va phia Nam Idn den miic bugc ca hai 4. Quan he Lien Xd - Viet Nam Nha nude Trieu Tien phai phu thugc gan nhu Mudn hon Trieu Tien, Ddng Duong trd hoan toan vao nhirng ddng minh himg manh thanh khu vuc canh tranh gay git cua cac thi eua minh'^. lire ddi dau nham tranh gianh anh hudng. Quan he Lien Xd BIC Triiu Tien tir Sau Chien tranh thi gidi thii Hai, Lien X6 nhiing nam 50 cua thi ky XX ngay cang trd tich cue ung hd phong trao giai phong dan nen mat thilt hon. Lien Xd tieh cue iing hd tdc cua nhan dan cac nude Ddng Duong, quan diem eua Bac Trieu Tien trong viec xuat phat tir quan diem giai cap, coi ban dao binh dn cude xung dot tren ban dao. Su giiip nay la ban dap ly tudng cho viec phd bien, do ve kinh te, quan sir cua Lien Xd cho Bac truyen ba tu tudng XHCN sang cac quoc gia Trieu Tien dugc tang manh sau nam 1961 khac thudc khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh sau khi Lien Xd va Bae Trieu Tien ky ket Duong. Hiep udc hitu nghi, hgp tdc vd tuang trg lan Nhumg cudng qude manh nhat da bi nhau. Hiep udc nay dugc ky ket nham ddi phd vdi Nam Trieu Tien va My. Theo Hiep cudn hiit vao cude tranh gianh anh hudng tai udc nay. Lien Xd cd nghTa vu giiip do Bac Viet Nam - ciing cd nghTa la d tren ca Dong Trieu Tien trong trudng hgp BIC Triiu Tien Duong. Ddi vdi Lien Xd, gianh dugc Viet bi nude thii ba tan cdng va dat nude xay ra Nam tiic la chiem dugc tien don dia chinh chiln tranh. Lien Xd va Bac Trieu Tien tri quan trgng d Ddng Nam A. Muc tieu ciia thudng xuyen gia ban Hiep udc". Trung Qude ciing tuomg tu nhu vay. Vi the Ddng Duong trd thanh noi tam diem hgi tu Theo tiem nang rieng, theo vi tri dia ly quyin lgi ciia ca 3 cudng qude: Lien X6, va hoan canh lich su sau chien tranh, BIC Trung Qude va My''. Chi do miln Nam Viet Triiu Tien chiem vi tri quan trgng trong Nam nhan dugc su ung hd manh me cua My chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d vimg vl vat chit cimg ddi quan himg hau gdm hon Vien Ddng. Vi vay. Lien Xd "hdu nhu ddp nua trieu ngudi. Cdn mien BIC Viet Nam - Lien Xd va Trung Qude cimg cac nude nodpo6HO o nomepxx cmopon e KopeiicKoii eoHne XHCN khac. CM.: OpjiOB A. C , FaBpHJiOB B. A. TOUHIA KopeUcKoii eoliHbt. M., 2003. C. 261; Mcmopun Kopeu. T. II. M., 1974. C. 249 Hflp. " ropeangB M. C. XCuaub upeipopMbi. KH. 2. C. 468- " CM.: BaHHH K). B. CCCP u Kopesi. M., 1988. C. 469. 296; Mcmopux MeoKdynapodubix omHomeHuu u " CM.: BaxcaHOB E. 11. KumaH u eHeuHUU Mup. C. 73- eneuiHeu nojiumuKU CCCP. T. 3. C. 223-224; 80; IliiemaKOB K. Feo-udeojioauuecKaH napaduzMO. CoepeMBHHbie Meo/cdynapodHbie omHotueutoi. C. 343. 81 Hflp. C.
  7. Mdi MJOUA gud... 93 Sau khi chiln tranh Viet Nam xay ra. dao tao tai cac hge vien quan su ciia Lien Lien Xd trd thanh ngudn cung d p chu ylu Xd. Hang tram cd van, chuyen gia quan su vi?n trg kinh tl va quan sir cho cac luc lugng Lien Xd da timg cd mat tai Viet Nam. Tdng yeu nude d Viet Nam. Dang Cdng san, sd cd van, chuyen gia quan su Lien Xd sang Chinh phu va nhan dan Lien Xd da giiip dd giiip Viet Nam trong cuoc chiln tranh ehdng mgt each tich cue va cd hieu qua cho Viet My, Cliu nude la 22.000 ngudi^^. Nam trong cuoc chien tranh chong My va Nhd su giiip do nhiet tinh ciia Lien Xd chinh quyin Sai Gdn (1964-1975). Theo va cac nude XHCN khac, nam 1975 Viet thdng ke cua mgt tac gia ngudi Nga, tir nam Nam da gianh dugc thang lgi quan trgng - 1966 den nam 1972, trung binh hang nam giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam. That bai Lien Xd vien trg cho Viet Nam khoang 700- cua My trong chien tranh d Ddng Duomg, 800 trieu USD, 70% vu khi cac loai, mgt so Viet Nam thdng nhat va viec cac the luc mdi lugng Idn xang dau, thudc men, luong thue len nam quyen d Lao va Campuchia dat ra va nhieu hang hda khae^°. trudc Lien Xd mgt nhiem vu mdi bao dam Trong nhiing nam chien tranh, Lien Xd ngay cang nhieu vien trg vat chat va iing hd cung cap cho Viet Nam toan bd he thdng ve ehinh tri cho cac qude gia Ddng Duong . phong khdng, khdng quan va phao binh. Viet Sau khi tuyen bd thanh lap nude Cgng Nam con nhan dugc mgt lugng Idn tau hda XHCN Viet Nam nam 1976, quan hd ve chiln, xe tang va nhieu vii khi hien dai khac. mgi mat ciia Lien Xd va Viet Nam dugc Kit qua la trong mgt thdi gian dai, Viet Nam nang len tam cao mdi ve chat. Ngay 3-11- trd thanh mgt trong nhumg ddi tac quan su 1978, Lien Xd va Viet Nam ky kit Hiep udc chu yeu cua nen quan su - cdng nghiep cua Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc. Ngay 2-5-1979, Chinh Lien Xd. Hang ngan sT quan Viet Nam da phu Viet Nam va Lien Xd ky Hiep dinh vl dugc dao tao trong cac trudng, bgc vien quan vifc Vi?t Nam cho Lien Xd thue hai can cii sir eua Lien Xd, trong dd rieng lire lugng hai quan su - hai quan d Cam Ranh va khdng quan la hon 2.000 ngudi^'. Din culi nhiing quan d Da Nlng trong thdi ban 25 nam. Tir nam 70, da cd 2.600 ngudi Viet Nam dugc nhumg can cii nay cd the kiem soat phan phia ^ Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh Vi$t ^ CM. cafir: Nam. Hd N^i, 1998. Tr. 35-38, 64-69, 125-128, 130- http://www.rspp.org/mcenter/vietnam/vietnam.htm 133, 145-148; CoeemcKUU Coios - BbemuoM: 30 jiem ^ CM.: BejiOKOHb K>. CCCP u HndoKumaUcKue omHouteHuH (1950-1980).floKyMCHTbiH MaxepHajiw. aocydapcmea: nepcncKmueu denoeoao M., 1982. C. 120-122, 156, 186-187, 212-213, 262- compydHUHBcmea // M3HMO. 1991. Jfe 5. C. 130. 266,325-326,351-354. Gaiduc I. Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh ^' Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viit vd chien tranh Vi?t Vift Nam. Tr. 16-17, 26, 76-77. CoeemcKuH Corns - Nam. Tr. 16-17, 26. 34-35; KOMOB B . Kpacnaa BbemuaM: 30 Jiem omHouieHuH (1950-1980). C. 173- 3Be3fla. 2002.25 Max. . 174,252-254, 328,343.
  8. 94 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011 nam cua Thai Binh Duomg va toan bd An Do d campuchia lam cho mau thuan giiia Lien Duong. Su cd mat cua quan dgi Lien Xd d Xd va Viet Nam vdi da sl cac quoc gia d hai can cii quan sir nay hau nhu can bang vdi khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong ngay su C mat cua quan ddi My d Philippin. O cang them' sau slc^^v Cac luc lugng vii trang cua phe ddi lapii4n naiiiDtrong cac trai ti nan Tai Cam Ranh, quan ddi Lien Xd ed khoang 20-30 tau chien, 1 hang khdng mau cua ngudi campuchiatirSn'^ianhthd Thai Lan ham va mgt sd tau ngam vdi khoang 7.000 dugc cung c ^ vii khi tir My va Trung QuIc. thuy thu. Sau nay. Lien Xd va Viet Nam da Cudc xung dot khu vuc lien quan den vin dl ky van ban ve xay dimg mgt sd cdng trinh campuchia trd thanh nguy co thuc te de doa khdng hoan lai cho phia Viet Nam. Ket qua den su dn dinh va an ninh eua toan the gidi^^. la Cam Ranh trd thanh can cii quan sir Idn Nha cam quyen Trung Quoc ngay lap nhat (so vdi nhiing can cii quan sir cimg loai tiic quyet dinh "day cho Viet Nam mgt bai cua My) cua Lien Xd d nude ngoai. hge" vi tdi lat dd thu ITnh than Trung Quoc - Pdn Pdt d campuchia. Ngay 17-2-1979, 11 Sau khi mien Nam Viet Nam hoan toan quan doan Trung Quoc va mgt sd trung doan giai phdng, quan ddi cua Pdn Pdt d vdi khoang 600.000 ngudi, dugc sir trg giiip campuchia lien tuc gay ra cac cude xung dot cua 600 xe tang, 700 may bay tien vao lanh vii trang d bien gidi Tay Nam cua Viet Nam. thi Viet Nam d bien gidi phia Bac. Thiet hai Chiing thudng xuyen cho quan quay rdi dgc chung do cude tin cdng cua quan ddi Trung theo 1.1 Oo km tren dudng bien gidi Viet Quoc gay ra vao khoang 1 ty USD . Nam - campuchia, gay nhieu thiet hai va tdn that ve ngudi va ciia cho eac tinh Tay Nam bg cua Viet Nam. Nam 1978, quan ddi Viet ^* CM.: BaxcanoB E. 11. CCCP u Aauamaco- Nam tien vao Campuchia. Vdi sir hau thuIn muxooKeaHCKuH peauoH. M., C.35; IIpaBfla. 1987. 18. ciia quan dgi Viet Nam, eac lire lugng yeu OKxaSpa; HcaeB M. 11., Wepubituee A. C. Hcmopux coeemcKO-eb&nHOMtiKux omHoiueHUu: 1917-1985. M., nude campuchia da lat do che do diet chung 1986. C.166; Hcaes M. 11. BueuiHim nonumuKa cmpoH HhdoKumaH. M., 1989. C. 128-129, 167-168; cua Pon Pit, thanh lap Nha nude CHND CyjiHUKaa T. H. Cmpanti ACEAH u MeoKdyuapodHbie campuchia. omHOuieHUH e lOao-eocmoHHoU Aauu. C. 104-106; H flp. Lien Xd, tuy khdng mong dgi kit cue ^* noflpo6HO CM.: BejioKOHb K). CCCP u HndoKumaUcKue aocydapcmea: nepcneKmueu nhu tren, ngay lap tiic ung hg Viet Nam vl dejioeozo compydHunecmea // M3HM0. 1991. Me 5. C. 136; EypDKyojHbie nojiumdMohi' o eueMueu chinh tri va vien trg vu khi. Trung Qude, cac nonumuKe CCG^.-'llbfl^ pea. O . T . ' Tapa«»Ba)«M.: quIe gia ASEAN va nhilu nude khac tren 1988. C. 101-102; CyjiHUKaa T. VI. CmpaHbi ACEAH u MCJicdyHapodHbie omHouieHun e -JOzo-eocmoHHoi thi gidi cuong quylt phan ddi va len an viec /43MM.C. 104-106 Hflp. e, .u.; ' ^' HoBaKOBa O. B., U s e r ^ W K). Mcmopta Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia. Su kien BbemnoMa. MacTb 2. C.259. "M 2£ C005: .EAESHC
  9. Mf^ijoUil qjud. 95 Cudc tan cdng cua quan dgi Trung Qude ung hg cac che do cdng san d cac quoc gia vao lanh thg Viet Nam bi Lien Xd kich liet Dong Duomg, van de Campuchia cang trd len^^o. TrQr)g,^I"ify?nr,bd ciia Chirih phii Lien nen nghiem trgng. Trong hang thap ky lien. X6 ngay L8-2-1979,. Lien X6 ,doi Trung Lien Xd iing hd vd dieu kien sir cd mat cua Quoc phai nit ngay quan dgi ra khoi lanh thd quan dgi Viet Nam d Campuchia, con da so Viet Nam va nhan manh rang: Lien Xd se cac nude tren the gidi doi Viet Nam nit quan thuc hien nhiing cam ket cua minh theo Hiep ra khoi Campuchia. Tir do, co the thay rang udc Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc daky kit giiia Lien Xdvd VietNarr?^. viec giai quyet van de Campuchia phan nhieu anh hudng den chinh sach doi ngoai Phien hop bat thirdrig bua Bd Chinh tri cua Lien Xd d Dong A, den moi quan he cua Bain Chap hanli Trung uong Dang Cgng san Lien Xd doi vdi Trung Quoc cung nhu vdi Lien Xo'da quyef dinh'cir dai dien dac biet cac quoc gia ASEAN^^. WlWfelc'^irih ctitfg' vdi'toi WSu thu cua Lien ^§.'Trong khi qu&n'dgi Tiung QuIc giao Vao nhirng nam 80 ciia the ky XX, ^ffiih vdi cac lire lugrfgtian quan tu ve cac trong con mat cua cac qude gia Dong Nam 'iialhSbTIH'gi'di phlaB'lc', rrigt sl don vi quan A, Viet Nam la mgt mli de dga hoan toan '(^i'filh^Xfl viing Zabaikal da tl chiic diln nguy hiem va thuc te. Thic nhdt, dat nude % '^ln'J8^ng='terfl^f'^'tfeh bien gidi X6- nay co tiem luc quan sir rat Idn (quan so cua 'Trung,'' con cac tau chien cua Ham dgi Thai lire lugng vii trang diing thii tu tren the gidi, Binh Duong'thi chudn bi tien ve Bien Vang sau Trung QuIc, Lien X6 va My); Thic hai, 'va Bieh Nam Trtttig'Qiadc: BIC Kinh liln lap viec Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia tao 'tfed # m^ ntt'^^qu^ laifei lanh thi Viet ra mli lo au thuc sir cho cac qude gia ASEAN, v l phin minh, diing tren quan dilm giai d p . Ha Noi cung coi cac nude , Ciing vdi viec Lien X6 coi trgng vi tri B1 ui^h amjb .6X iiaiJ LUQ idra o&h ;. ASEAN la ke thii vi nhom nude nay da ung chien Iiroc cua Viet Nam ciing nhu tich cue hg cuoc can thiep vu trang ciia My chong " C"M. noflpp6Ho: HcaeB M. 0., HepHbimeB A. C. WMo^ii^ lQ^eeikif}de^mfidj^^idO iilhHoweHuii: ^' 06 3T0M HHUiyx: BaacanoB E. 11. KumaH u eHeiuHUU 1917-1985. C.182; CoeemcKufi Com3.- BpemhaM: 30 Mup. M., 1990. C. 311-312; EyuiHHCKHH JI. Jiem omHomeuuH r7950-/P5«>/.'.«.= '^34V^^-25;-526-527; CoeemcKan eHeuiHHH nonumuKa u lOao-eocmoHHO 529; 530-532. A3UH. C. 602; rpe6eHmHK0B 3. Kumaii u ACEAH: ^'CM.: Ea>KaHOB E. U. KumaU u eHewHuH Mup. C. 84- yxodn om cmepeomunoe npouuiozo // M3MM0. 1991. Xs 9. C. 132-133; CyjiHUKaa T. H. Cmpaubi ACEAH u 85; http://www.itogi.ru/paper2001.nsf/Article/ltogi_2001 MeoKdyuapodhbie omnouieHUH e lOao-eocmoiHoU 06 18 13 3158.html y^sMM.C. 61-62; 98-101 nap.
  10. 96 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011 Viet Nam, tham chi mgt sd nude than My hai nude. Song, nhumg dieu kien ma phia (Thai Lan, Philippin) cdn true tilp tham gia Trung Qude dua ra cho viec binh thudng hda vao cudc chien tranh nay chong lai nhan dan quan he Trung-Xd la phai thuc hien "3 dieu Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, ASEAN ciing la ngudi can trd": 1) Rut quan dgi Lien Xd khoi khdi xudng phong trao quoc te chong su can Afganixtan; 2) Riit bd dgi bien phdng Lien thiep cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia . Xd khdi khu vuc bien gidi Xd-Trung; 3) Giai quyet van de Campuchia bang each nit quan Viet Nam va Campuchia hau nhu bi cd ddi Viet Nam khdi nude nay. lap trong cdng ddng quoc te. Lien Xd va cac nude XHCN het Idng ung hd hai nude nay. Nhiing ddng minh khac cua Lien X6 Cac quoc gia ASEAN, My, cac nude Tay Au trong khu vuc nhu Mdng Cd, CHDCND thi coi hanh dgng ciia Viet Nam d Trieu Tien va Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam ve campuchia la xam luge va dau tranh nham chinh tri ludn ludn ung hd Lien Xd. Nhung giai quyet van de Campuchia tren co sd nit tiem luc quan su va kinh te cua hg bi ban che toan bg quan ddi nude ngoai va tien hanh va vi the, quan he ciia Lien Xd vdi cac nude tdng tuyen cii tu do. Vi van de Campuchia nay da ngdn di cua Lien Xd mgt lugng Idn ma mau thuIn giiia Lien Xd va Trung Qude vat chat va tien ciia. Cac vin de ddi ngoai, bi trim trgng them. Nhu vay, Trung Qude da trong dd cd viec Lien Xd phai tieu tdn mgt xa rdi "dai gia dmh" XHCN. Vi tri cua lugng khdng Id vat chit va tien bac de vien Trung Qude dugc thay the bang cac qude gia trg khdng hoan lai cho cac nude ddng minh, Ddng Duomg, trudc het la Viet Nam. ciing nhu nhiing chi phi quan su tin kem da Nhin chung, din nam 1985, d Ddng A bugc Lien Xd phai cd nhumg thay ddi can tinh hinh biln chuyin khdng thuan lgi cho ban trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua minh. Vi Lien Xd: Trung Qude, cudng qude Idn nhit vay, sau khi len nam quyen vao nam 1985, trong khu vuc, da hon hai thap nien ehdng lai ban lanh dao mdi ciia Lien Xd, diing dau la anh hudng cua Lien Xd, nhilu khi trd thanh M. X. Gorbachdp, da de ra nhiem vu: Dat ddi dau nhau. Vac nhiing nam 80, xuit hien dugc sir thay ddi mang tinh bude ngoat, nhiing dau hieu tdt lanh trong quan he giiia chuyen tir Chien tranh Lanh, ddi dau sang hgp tac va doi thoai./. '" CM. xaKJKe: CyjiHUKaa T. H. CmpaHH ACEAH u MeoKdynapodHbie omHOiueHtiH e lOzo-eocmoHHoU A3UU.C. 104-115.
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