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- Báo cáo Một số kết quả trong chính sách đối ngoại của Liên Xô với các nước xã hội chủ nghĩa ở Đông Á (1945 - 1985) qua nguồn sử liệu Liên Xô/Nga.
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- CHfNH TR! - AN NINH CHAU AU
MOT SO K a QUn TRONG CHINH SflCH DOI NGOni CUR U€N XO
V03 c a c R i r ^ C x a TiQl Cljfi TlQTfiK ii B0RQ A (1945-1985)
QUA NGUON Sir LIEU LIEN XO/NGA
TS. Nguyen Thi Hong Van
Vien Sir hoc
Vi thi qude tl cua Lien Xd sau Chiln the gidi phd bien quan niem cho ring: Chiln
tranh thi gidi thii Hai dugc cimg cd kha tranh Lanh la cude doi diu khong khoan
vung chic. Cude Chien tranh Lanh nl ra sau nhugng giiia My va cac nude ding minh ciia
do khdng lau khdng lam thay ddi vai trd ciia hg vdi cac nude XHCN diing diu la Lien
Lien X6 nhu mgt trong nhiing nude dan dau Xd'.
ciia tien trinh chinh tri the gidi. Nhung mau CJ khu vuc Ddng A, cuoc Chien tranh
thuan phat sinh ben trong nhirng nude timg Lanh chang may choc da bien thanh chiln
la ddng minh trudc day cd coi ngudn tu tranh "nong": do la cude noi chien d Trung
tudng rat sau xa da bude nhiing nude cdn lai QuIc (1945-1949), chiln tranh Triiu Tien
phai cd sir lira chgn tuong ling. Su lira chgn (1950-1953) va cude chien tranh chong Phap
nay nhilu khi khdng xuit phat tir Idng tu d cac nude Ddng Duong (1946-1954). Sau
nguyen ma dien ra vdi su can thiep tir ben dd, cac cude xung dot vii trang nay khong
ngoai, dudi anh hudng cua nhumg hoan canh chi mang tinh cue bd ma con tao ra xu the
chinh tri khac nhau, noi ma cac luc lugng dii dau giiia Lien Xd va My - nhiing nude
dii diu (Lien Xd va My) cd quan diem dii tham gia vao cac cude xung dot nay mgt
lap vdi nhau. Cac qude gia d khu vuc Ddng each true tiep hoac gian tiep, bang each cung
A ciing khdng nim ngoai qui luat nay. d p vu khi, cd van quan su hoac dudi cac
hinh thiic vien tro khac cho cac ben tham
Thuat ngu "Chiln tranh Lanh" dugc
gidi bao chi phuong Tay su dung tir nam
1946 nhim diln ta mdt bdi canh quIc tl cue \ ~ ~ I Z .
X ^-rw luioiii uiwii ici iiiv n 1 Q^. KopHHCHKO Y. XojlOOHOfl eOUHa.
ky cang t h i n g , mgt cude ddi d i u ae liet giua Ceudemenbcmeo eeynacmuuKa. M., 2001. C. 31-38;
CrapoaySoB B. Cynepdepoicaebi XX eena.
chu nghia t u ban v a chu nghTa x a hgi, dac CmpamezunecKoe npomueo6opcmeo. M., 2001. C. 6-
u--^ 1' •- x/r- A T :s« YA trnno a\a\ rfnnn 9; CoeemcKaH eueuiuHH nojiumuKa e eodbi "xonodH
bi?t la giua My va Lien Xo, trong giai doan ^^^^^,. (1945.1985). Hoeoenpoumeuue. M., 1995.
tir giiia nhiing n a m 4 0 d i n c u l i nhiing nam 505; Kaaanyee K). H. MeoKdynapodHbie omHouieHUR
» , .^^ , u eueuiNMi nojtumuKa Poccuu (XX e.). PocTOB-Ha-
80 dIu nhiing nam 90 ciia the ky XX. Tren j^^^^ HOBOCH6HPCK, 2002. C. 204-206 H ap.
- 88 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011
chien. Miic do tham gia cua cac nude Ddng bd phan phu thudc, ngudi "em lit" ludn bilt
A vao cac cude xung dot vii trang, anh nghe loi ciia Lien Xd. Tham chi neu khdng
hudng cua Lien Xd hoac My len timg phan cd sir chi dao va cho phep cua cac nha lanh
trong khu vuc, quan diem tu tudng cua dao Xd viet, chinh quyen Mdng Cd khong
nhiing ngudi lanh dao nude nay hay nude thdng qua bit cii quylt dinh quan trgng nao^.
khac, la nhiing nhan td chii yeu xac dinh
Hai nha nude Lien Xd va Mdng Cl
quan he cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac qude gia
trong gan 70 nam phat trien tren nen tang ciia
Ddng A.
md hinh cgng san. O Ulan-Bato da quen vdi
Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi mudn viec phuc timg vd dieu kien cac chi thi cua
de cap den mgt sd ket qua cua chinh sach ddi Kremli, tir viec tien hanh cac cuoc bat bd,
ngoai cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac nude xa hgi thanh trimg den viec td chiic ddi sdng kinh
chu nghTa d Ddng A cho den nam 1985, te. He thdng chinh tri va cac quan he xa hoi
thong qua cac ngudn sir lieu cua Lien ciing phat trien theo md hinh nay. Chinh
X6/Nga trong thdi gian gan day. Tdng Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong
Dang Cdng san Lien Xd M. X. Gorbachop
1. Quan he cua Lien X6 doi vdi Mong
da timg ndi: "Ddi vai Mdng Cd, Lien Xd ludn
Co
cd mdi quan he mat thiet vd gdn giii Tgi cdc
Trong sudt thdi gian dai, quan he giiia Bd ciia chung ta da quen coi Mdng Cd nhu
Lien Xd va Mdng Cd ludn ludn gan giii va la mgt trong nhitng nude Cdng hda cita
mat thiet^. Sau cude chinh bien nam 1921, tai minh, ngodi ra cd mgt sd y kien, trong do cd
Mdng Cd da tuyen bd thanh lap nude CHND cd tic phia Mdng Cd, ddt vdn de sap nhdp
Mdng Cd - mgt qude gia chiu anh hudng sau Mdng Cd vao Lien bangXd vie^".
sac cua Lien bemg Xd viet. Su lac hau cd
huu, vi tri dia ly lien ke, xu hudng banh Quan he cang thang giura Lien Xd va
trudng eua nha cam quyin Trung Qude va Trung Quoc vao cudi nhiing nam 50 dau
Nhat Ban la nhiing nhan td quan trgng tac nhiing nam 60 cua the ky XX da lam cho
ddng din Mdng Cd, biln qude gia nay thanh quan he Lien Xd - Mdng Cd them khang
kbit. Nam 1964, quan dgi Xd vilt da cd mat
CM.: BaacanoB E. n . CCCP u AauamcKo-
tai Mdng Cd, danh dau viec hoan tit lien
muxooKeaHCKuH pezuoH. M.,1991. C. 33-34; minh Xd-M6ng ehdng Trung Quoc. Thang
BacHJibeB JI. C. Hcmopun Bocmoxa. T. 2. M., 2001.
C. 446-447; njiemaKOB K. Feo-udeojiozuiecKKaH 11-1967 da thilt lap cac can cii ten lua ciia
napaduaMa. M.,1994. C. 61, 70, 76-77; Mcmopwi
MeoKdynapodHbix omHOwenuu u eHeuineu nojiumuKU
CCCP. T. 3. (1970-1987). M.,1987. C. 218-219;
CoKoaHHCKHH B., CoHHHxaMHp H. UepecmpoHKa e ^ BacHJibeB Jl. C. Mcmopux Bocmoxa. T. 2. C. 446.
cocedneH cmpaue: ontim. npodjieMbi, nepcneKmueti // * ropSaneB M. C. )Ku3Hb u peipopjubi. KH. 2. M.,
Aswi u A^puKa ceaodHH. 2000. J^s 12. C. 10-12; H ap. 1995. C. 465.
- MM ijokH gud... 89
Lien Xd tren lanh thd Mdng Cl. Din nam giura hai nude da ky ket hiep udc bi mat ve
1969, tren dit Mdng Cd duy tri tir 8-10 trung quan su'.
doan quan ddi Xd vilt^.
Tuy vay, quan he mat thiet nay tdn tai
Hien trang tren khdng thay ddi cho din khdng lau. Den cudi nhung nam 50 bat dau
nam 1985. Cimg vdi qua trinh cai t l d Lien xuat hien nhiing ran mit va mau thuan trong
Xd, cac nha lanh dao Mdng Cd bit diu lo ITnh vuc tu tudng - chinh tri va kinh tl. Su
ngai va td ra liing tiing. Hg da thi hanh mgt bit ddng vl tu tudng va nhiing quan dilm
sl bien phap nham ngan chan anh hudng eua khac nhau ve tinh hinh qude te cuoi cimg dan
cai td, kim ham sir lay lan cac boat ddng den su cang thang trong quan he X6-Trung
tuong tu sang lanh thd cua minh^. va sir bat hgp tac giiia hai Dang Cgng san
Lien Xd va Trung Qude^. Nam 1969 xay ra
2. Quan hf Lien Xd - Trung Quoc
nhilu cude xung dot dii ddi tren bien gidi
Khac vdi Mdng Cd, Trung Qude - mgt Xd-Trung, trong dd Idn nhat la su kien tren
trung tam va thanh tri khac cua chu nghTa xa dao Damanxki. Quan he Trung-X6 trd nen
hgi d Ddng A, khdng phai la mgt ding minh hit siic cang thing. Ket thiic giai doan "hum
triet dl va nhit quan cua Lien Xd. Ngay 1- nghi vT dai" giura Lien Xd va Trung QuIc.
10-1949, nude CHND Trung Hoa tuyen bl Trung QuIc tir dd tudt khdi anh hudng cua
thanh lap. Ngay 14-2-1950, Lien Xd'va Lien Xd.
Trung QuIc da ky kit Hiep udc ddng minh
Sir cang thing trong quan he vdi Trung
vd tuang trg Idn nhau. Theo Hiep udc nay,
QuIc huge Lien Xd phai di tim nhiing diem
hai nude da thilt lap sir hgp tac chat che vl
tua mdi cho viec thuc hien chiln luge dii
chinh tri va kinh tl. Cuoc chiln tranh Triiu
ngoai d Ddng A. Trung tam "each mang"
Tien cd anh hudng quan trgng, that chat
them mli quan he Xd-Trung. Thang 10-1957
' CM.: KaaanueB K). H. MeotcdynapodHbie
omHOiueHUH u eneuiHfiH nojiumuna Poccuu. M.: 2002.
C. 201; JIH Ll3HHii3e. KumaiicKO-poccuiicKue
omnouieHUfi u cmepuKaHCKUU (paxmop // Aaun u
A^puKa cezodtM. 2002. X? 3. C. 46-47; IXneiiiaKOB K.
reo-HfleojiOFHHecKaa napaflHFMa. C, 59-63;
' noflpo6HO CM.: BaMcanoB E. Tl. CCCP u AsuamcKO- ' 0 6 3T0M nHmyr: BaxcanoB E. 11. KumaH u euetuHUU
muxooKeaHCKua peeuoH. C. 33-34; TIjiemaKoeK. Teo- Mup. M., 1990. C. 34-35; ropSaieB M. C. :aCH3Hi, H
pe4>opMbi. KH. 2. C. 430; JIH LlaHHioe. KumaUcKO-
udeojioautecKoa napaduzMa. C. 55, 70, 75-76;
poccuUcKue omHOtueHUR u aMepuKaHOcuu (paxmop //
BacHJibeB JI. C. HcmopuH BocmoKO. T. 2. C. 446-447
AsuH u A4>puKa cezodhH. 2002. Jfe 3. C. 47;
Hflp.
HHKHUieHKO C.A.
' IIoflpoSHO o6 3T0M CM.: Ba)KaHOB E. IT. CCCP u
; IlnemaKOB K. Teo-HaeojiorHHecKaa napaflHFMa.
MoKflyHapoflHwii eaceroflHHK. 1988. C. 95;
C. 65-69; XasanoB A. M. KumaitCKO-coeemcKue
CoKOJiHHCKHfi B., CoHHHTaMHp H. UepecmpoiiKa e
cocedheH cmpane: onttm, npo6jieMbi, nepcneicmuebt // omuouieHUH u "xojiodHox eoina" // BocmoK. 1998. W "
A3UH u Acppwca cezodhx. 2000. Ks 12. C. 10-12 H ap. 3.C. 152-154 Hflp.
- 90 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011
trong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d nghi Trung-Xd. Sau khi Lien Xd dua quan
chau A chuyen tir Trung Qude sang cac nude vao Afganixtan thang 12-1979, Bg Ngoai
Ddng Duong - noi hgi tu day du nhung tien giao Trung Qude tuyen bd: "Su xam luge
de quan trgng trong thdi ky hau chien . ciia cua qudn ddi Xd viit a Afganixtan de
dga hda binh tren todn the gidi, ddng thai de
Quan he Xd-Trung dac biet cang thang
dga true tiep an ninh cua Trung Qude, tgo ra
hon sau khi quan ddi Viet Nam tien vao
rdo cdn mdi trong viec binh thudng hda
Campuchia nam 1978. Lien Xd ung hd Viet
quan he giiia hai nude. Trong bdi cdnh dy,
Nam trong viec gay anh hudng d khu vuc
viec tiep tuc cdc cuoc ddi thogi Trung-Xd Id
Ddng Duong, cd nghTa la ddi dau vdi Trung
dieu vd nghia"^^.
Qude trong khu vuc nay . Trong khi dd, d
Ddng Nam A tdn tai mgt nhdm nude kien Nhumg diu hieu tich cue dau tien trong
quyet ehdng lai chinh sach can thiep ve quan quan he Xd-Trung chi xuat hien vao mua
su cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia. Hon niia, xuan nam 1982, sau khi Tdng Bi thu L. I.
su cd mat cua quan ddi Lien Xd tai vinh Bregiomhep cdng nhan tai Tasken, ring
Cam Ranh ciing gay nen sir bat binh cho ca Trung Qude la nude XHCN va tuyen bo
My va Trung Qude, ciing nhu cac nude rang. Lien Xd khdng theo dudi muc dich
ASEAN. Ket qua la vao dau nhiing nam 80 xam luge, khdng cd tranh chap gi ve lanh tho
da hinh thanh mgt lien minh bao gdm My, vdi Trung Qude. Quan diem cua Trung Quoc
Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, cac qude gia dugc trinh bay cu the tai Dai hdi Dang lan
ASEAN chong lai su hien dien cua quan dgi thii XII (thang 11 nam 1982), trong Dilu le
Viet Nam (dugc sir hau thuan cua Lien Xd) d Mdi cua Dang Cdng san Trung Qude, sau do
campuchia. dugc chinh thiic cdng bd trong Hien phap
Ngay 3-4-1979, chinh phu Trung QuIe nude Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa (thong
tir choi gia ban Hiep udc Ddng minh va Huru qua ngay 4-12-1982). Thay ddi can ban trong
chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Trung Qude vdi
Lien Xd dugc the hien chii ylu d nhiing
' noflpo6HO CM.: Gaiduk I. Lien bangXo viet vd chien dilm sau:
tranh Vi?t Nam. Yik Npi. Tr. 64-69; KaaanueB K). H.
MeoKdynapodHbie omuouieHUH u euetuHHsi nojiumuKa
Poccuu. C. 202; IliieiiiaKOB K. Feo-udeojioauHecKasi
napaduzMa. C. 80-81, 84-85; IIoTanoB A. Cmaptiii
dpya - nadeoKHbii dpyz // Aawi u AtppuKa ceaodtm.
2002. J « 7. C. 34 H ap.
V
CM.: HoaHecHH C. H. AKmyantHbie npodjicMbi " CM.: HoanecxH C. H. AKmyanbHtie npo6neMU
BocmoHHoao MndoKuman // BocmoK. 1999. Jfe J. C. BocmoHHOZo HndoKumoH // BocmoK. 1999. Xs 5. C.
168; Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988; rDiemaKOB K. Teo- 168; Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988; ILiemaKOB K. Teo-
udeojioauHecKan napaduaMa. C. 84; MaiuiHH B. H. udeonozuHecKCiH napaduzMa. C. 84; MarmHH B. R
BbemnoM: anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu. BbemHOM: anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu.
2000.Jf2 4/5. C. 83. 2000. Ks 4/5. C. 83.
- MM i^UA qjuA... 91
1) Loai bd luan dilm cho ring "ngudn da xuat hien hai nha nude: CJ phan phia Nam
gdc nguy hilm co ban cua cude chiln tranh tuyen bd thanh lap nude Cdng hda Triiu
thi gidi mdi la Lien Xd"; Tien than My, tai khu vuc phia BIC nude
2) Loai bd sir d n thilt thanh lap "mat CHDCND Triiu Tien ddng minh cua Lien
tran quoc tl thing nhat" (bao gdm ca My) Xd.
nhim ehdng lai "chu nghTa ba quyin Xd Sau khi Trieu Tien bi chia cit khdng lau
12
vilt" da diln ra nhiing boat ddng nhim thing nhit
Sir kien M. X. Gorbachdp dugc blu lam ban dao bing vii luc. Nhumg cude xung dot
Ting Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong vii trang xay ra lien tuc tren vT tuyIn 38*'* da
Dang Cdng san Lien Xd da tao ra nhirng bien thanh cude chien tranh ae Uet (1950-
1953). Hai Nha nude cua cimg mgt dan tgc
phan ling tich cue tir phia Trung QuIc. Lin
chiln diu ehdng lai nhau. Thuc chit, cuoc
dau tien sau nhieu nam gian doan, Trung
chien tranh Trieu Tien la cude cude chiln
QuIc chinh thiic ggi Lien Xd la "Nha nude
tranh khong tuyen bd giiia Lien X6 va My
XHCN". Di theo eon dudng hien dai hda.
(dudi chieu bai Lien hgp quoc'^), keo theo
Ban Lanh dao mdi cua Trung Qude nhan
sir tham chiln cua hang chuc quIc gia, trong
thiic dugc sir can thiet phai dap tat cude ddi
dd cd Trung Qude va Nhat Ban. Cude chiln
dau dai dang va nguy hiem giiia Matxeova
tranh Trieu Tien dan den su thay ddi quan
va BIC Kinh. Bude dot pha trong quan he
trgng vl dia - ehinh tri: quan ddi My chiem
X6-Trung trudc hit gan lien vdi cdng cude
dong lau dai khu vuc phia Nam ciia ban dao.
cai to d Lien Xd.
3. Quan he Lien X6 - BIC Trieu Tien u HoeeHmasi ucmopuH. 2001. J^s 6. C. 32-33;
KasanueB lO. H. MeotcdyHapodnbie omHouieHUH u
Sau Chiln tranh thi gidi thii Hai, Trieu eneuiHsui nojiumuxa Poccuu (XX e.). C. 257-258;
Tien va cac nude Ddng Duong, gilng nhu KoBajieB A. B. UojiumuKa CUIA u Jlnouuu HO
KopeiicKOM nojiyocmpoee. M., 1990. C. 19-21;
Trung Qude, nim trong khu vuc chien sir. CeprecB 11. MmubCKue udbi K Ceeepy u lOay om 38
napajuienu // Asusi uAtppuKa ceaodrm. 2000. N« 10. C.
Triiu Tien ngay lap tiic trd thanh vat hy sinh 20-21 Hflp.
cua sir dii diu Xd-My. Cac quIc gia thing '* Day li gidi tuySn gitta hai vfing kiem sodt cua My
\h Lien X6 sau khi tiSp nhan s\r diu h^ng cua quSn
tran, sau khi giai phdng ban dao Trieu Tien d$i Nhat Ban, dugrc th^nh l^ip theo sdng ki6n cua My
thang 8-1945. N6 tro th^h bien gi
- 92 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011
Hau qua cua cude chien tranh nay that khdn uTtg mgi yeu cdu cua Binh Nhuang ve vii khi
ludng, tin that ve ngudi va vat chat d ca phia vd vien trg kinh te '*...
BIC va phia Nam Idn den miic bugc ca hai 4. Quan he Lien Xd - Viet Nam
Nha nude Trieu Tien phai phu thugc gan nhu
Mudn hon Trieu Tien, Ddng Duong trd
hoan toan vao nhirng ddng minh himg manh
thanh khu vuc canh tranh gay git cua cac thi
eua minh'^.
lire ddi dau nham tranh gianh anh hudng.
Quan he Lien Xd BIC Triiu Tien tir Sau Chien tranh thi gidi thii Hai, Lien X6
nhiing nam 50 cua thi ky XX ngay cang trd tich cue ung hd phong trao giai phong dan
nen mat thilt hon. Lien Xd tieh cue iing hd tdc cua nhan dan cac nude Ddng Duong,
quan diem eua Bac Trieu Tien trong viec xuat phat tir quan diem giai cap, coi ban dao
binh dn cude xung dot tren ban dao. Su giiip nay la ban dap ly tudng cho viec phd bien,
do ve kinh te, quan sir cua Lien Xd cho Bac truyen ba tu tudng XHCN sang cac quoc gia
Trieu Tien dugc tang manh sau nam 1961 khac thudc khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh
sau khi Lien Xd va Bae Trieu Tien ky ket Duong.
Hiep udc hitu nghi, hgp tdc vd tuang trg lan
Nhumg cudng qude manh nhat da bi
nhau. Hiep udc nay dugc ky ket nham ddi
phd vdi Nam Trieu Tien va My. Theo Hiep cudn hiit vao cude tranh gianh anh hudng tai
udc nay. Lien Xd cd nghTa vu giiip do Bac Viet Nam - ciing cd nghTa la d tren ca Dong
Trieu Tien trong trudng hgp BIC Triiu Tien Duong. Ddi vdi Lien Xd, gianh dugc Viet
bi nude thii ba tan cdng va dat nude xay ra Nam tiic la chiem dugc tien don dia chinh
chiln tranh. Lien Xd va Bac Trieu Tien tri quan trgng d Ddng Nam A. Muc tieu ciia
thudng xuyen gia ban Hiep udc". Trung Qude ciing tuomg tu nhu vay. Vi the
Ddng Duong trd thanh noi tam diem hgi tu
Theo tiem nang rieng, theo vi tri dia ly quyin lgi ciia ca 3 cudng qude: Lien X6,
va hoan canh lich su sau chien tranh, BIC Trung Qude va My''. Chi do miln Nam Viet
Triiu Tien chiem vi tri quan trgng trong Nam nhan dugc su ung hd manh me cua My
chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d vimg vl vat chit cimg ddi quan himg hau gdm hon
Vien Ddng. Vi vay. Lien Xd "hdu nhu ddp nua trieu ngudi. Cdn mien BIC Viet Nam -
Lien Xd va Trung Qude cimg cac nude
nodpo6HO o nomepxx cmopon e KopeiicKoii eoHne XHCN khac.
CM.: OpjiOB A. C , FaBpHJiOB B. A. TOUHIA KopeUcKoii
eoliHbt. M., 2003. C. 261; Mcmopun Kopeu. T. II. M.,
1974. C. 249 Hflp. " ropeangB M. C. XCuaub upeipopMbi. KH. 2. C. 468-
" CM.: BaHHH K). B. CCCP u Kopesi. M., 1988. C. 469.
296; Mcmopux MeoKdynapodubix omHomeHuu u " CM.: BaxcaHOB E. 11. KumaH u eHeuHUU Mup. C. 73-
eneuiHeu nojiumuKU CCCP. T. 3. C. 223-224; 80; IliiemaKOB K. Feo-udeojioauuecKaH napaduzMO.
CoepeMBHHbie Meo/cdynapodHbie omHotueutoi. C. 343. 81 Hflp.
C.
- Mdi MJOUA gud... 93
Sau khi chiln tranh Viet Nam xay ra. dao tao tai cac hge vien quan su ciia Lien
Lien Xd trd thanh ngudn cung d p chu ylu Xd. Hang tram cd van, chuyen gia quan su
vi?n trg kinh tl va quan sir cho cac luc lugng Lien Xd da timg cd mat tai Viet Nam. Tdng
yeu nude d Viet Nam. Dang Cdng san, sd cd van, chuyen gia quan su Lien Xd sang
Chinh phu va nhan dan Lien Xd da giiip dd giiip Viet Nam trong cuoc chiln tranh ehdng
mgt each tich cue va cd hieu qua cho Viet My, Cliu nude la 22.000 ngudi^^.
Nam trong cuoc chien tranh chong My va
Nhd su giiip do nhiet tinh ciia Lien Xd
chinh quyin Sai Gdn (1964-1975). Theo
va cac nude XHCN khac, nam 1975 Viet
thdng ke cua mgt tac gia ngudi Nga, tir nam
Nam da gianh dugc thang lgi quan trgng -
1966 den nam 1972, trung binh hang nam
giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam. That bai
Lien Xd vien trg cho Viet Nam khoang 700-
cua My trong chien tranh d Ddng Duomg,
800 trieu USD, 70% vu khi cac loai, mgt so
Viet Nam thdng nhat va viec cac the luc mdi
lugng Idn xang dau, thudc men, luong thue
len nam quyen d Lao va Campuchia dat ra
va nhieu hang hda khae^°.
trudc Lien Xd mgt nhiem vu mdi bao dam
Trong nhiing nam chien tranh, Lien Xd ngay cang nhieu vien trg vat chat va iing hd
cung cap cho Viet Nam toan bd he thdng ve ehinh tri cho cac qude gia Ddng Duong .
phong khdng, khdng quan va phao binh. Viet Sau khi tuyen bd thanh lap nude Cgng
Nam con nhan dugc mgt lugng Idn tau hda XHCN Viet Nam nam 1976, quan hd ve
chiln, xe tang va nhieu vii khi hien dai khac. mgi mat ciia Lien Xd va Viet Nam dugc
Kit qua la trong mgt thdi gian dai, Viet Nam nang len tam cao mdi ve chat. Ngay 3-11-
trd thanh mgt trong nhumg ddi tac quan su 1978, Lien Xd va Viet Nam ky kit Hiep udc
chu yeu cua nen quan su - cdng nghiep cua Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc. Ngay 2-5-1979, Chinh
Lien Xd. Hang ngan sT quan Viet Nam da phu Viet Nam va Lien Xd ky Hiep dinh vl
dugc dao tao trong cac trudng, bgc vien quan vifc Vi?t Nam cho Lien Xd thue hai can cii
sir eua Lien Xd, trong dd rieng lire lugng hai quan su - hai quan d Cam Ranh va khdng
quan la hon 2.000 ngudi^'. Din culi nhiing quan d Da Nlng trong thdi ban 25 nam. Tir
nam 70, da cd 2.600 ngudi Viet Nam dugc nhumg can cii nay cd the kiem soat phan phia
^ Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh Vi$t ^ CM. cafir:
Nam. Hd N^i, 1998. Tr. 35-38, 64-69, 125-128, 130- http://www.rspp.org/mcenter/vietnam/vietnam.htm
133, 145-148; CoeemcKUU Coios - BbemuoM: 30 jiem ^ CM.: BejiOKOHb K>. CCCP u HndoKumaUcKue
omHouteHuH (1950-1980).floKyMCHTbiH MaxepHajiw. aocydapcmea: nepcncKmueu denoeoao
M., 1982. C. 120-122, 156, 186-187, 212-213, 262- compydHUHBcmea // M3HMO. 1991. Jfe 5. C. 130.
266,325-326,351-354. Gaiduc I. Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh
^' Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viit vd chien tranh Vi?t Vift Nam. Tr. 16-17, 26, 76-77. CoeemcKuH Corns -
Nam. Tr. 16-17, 26. 34-35; KOMOB B . Kpacnaa BbemuaM: 30 Jiem omHouieHuH (1950-1980). C. 173-
3Be3fla. 2002.25 Max. . 174,252-254, 328,343.
- 94 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011
nam cua Thai Binh Duomg va toan bd An Do d campuchia lam cho mau thuan giiia Lien
Duong. Su cd mat cua quan dgi Lien Xd d Xd va Viet Nam vdi da sl cac quoc gia d
hai can cii quan sir nay hau nhu can bang vdi khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong ngay
su C mat cua quan ddi My d Philippin.
O cang them' sau slc^^v Cac luc lugng vii trang
cua phe ddi lapii4n naiiiDtrong cac trai ti nan
Tai Cam Ranh, quan ddi Lien Xd ed
khoang 20-30 tau chien, 1 hang khdng mau cua ngudi campuchiatirSn'^ianhthd Thai Lan
ham va mgt sd tau ngam vdi khoang 7.000 dugc cung c ^ vii khi tir My va Trung QuIc.
thuy thu. Sau nay. Lien Xd va Viet Nam da Cudc xung dot khu vuc lien quan den vin dl
ky van ban ve xay dimg mgt sd cdng trinh campuchia trd thanh nguy co thuc te de doa
khdng hoan lai cho phia Viet Nam. Ket qua den su dn dinh va an ninh eua toan the gidi^^.
la Cam Ranh trd thanh can cii quan sir Idn Nha cam quyen Trung Quoc ngay lap
nhat (so vdi nhiing can cii quan sir cimg loai tiic quyet dinh "day cho Viet Nam mgt bai
cua My) cua Lien Xd d nude ngoai. hge" vi tdi lat dd thu ITnh than Trung Quoc -
Pdn Pdt d campuchia. Ngay 17-2-1979, 11
Sau khi mien Nam Viet Nam hoan toan
quan doan Trung Quoc va mgt sd trung doan
giai phdng, quan ddi cua Pdn Pdt d
vdi khoang 600.000 ngudi, dugc sir trg giiip
campuchia lien tuc gay ra cac cude xung dot
cua 600 xe tang, 700 may bay tien vao lanh
vii trang d bien gidi Tay Nam cua Viet Nam.
thi Viet Nam d bien gidi phia Bac. Thiet hai
Chiing thudng xuyen cho quan quay rdi dgc
chung do cude tin cdng cua quan ddi Trung
theo 1.1 Oo km tren dudng bien gidi Viet
Quoc gay ra vao khoang 1 ty USD .
Nam - campuchia, gay nhieu thiet hai va tdn
that ve ngudi va ciia cho eac tinh Tay Nam
bg cua Viet Nam. Nam 1978, quan ddi Viet
^* CM.: BaxcanoB E. 11. CCCP u Aauamaco-
Nam tien vao Campuchia. Vdi sir hau thuIn
muxooKeaHCKuH peauoH. M., C.35; IIpaBfla. 1987. 18.
ciia quan dgi Viet Nam, eac lire lugng yeu OKxaSpa; HcaeB M. 11., Wepubituee A. C. Hcmopux
coeemcKO-eb&nHOMtiKux omHoiueHUu: 1917-1985. M.,
nude campuchia da lat do che do diet chung 1986. C.166; Hcaes M. 11. BueuiHim nonumuKa
cmpoH HhdoKumaH. M., 1989. C. 128-129, 167-168;
cua Pon Pit, thanh lap Nha nude CHND
CyjiHUKaa T. H. Cmpanti ACEAH u MeoKdyuapodHbie
campuchia. omHOuieHUH e lOao-eocmoHHoU Aauu. C. 104-106; H
flp.
Lien Xd, tuy khdng mong dgi kit cue ^* noflpo6HO CM.: BejioKOHb K). CCCP u
HndoKumaUcKue aocydapcmea: nepcneKmueu
nhu tren, ngay lap tiic ung hg Viet Nam vl dejioeozo compydHunecmea // M3HM0. 1991. Me 5.
C. 136; EypDKyojHbie nojiumdMohi' o eueMueu
chinh tri va vien trg vu khi. Trung Qude, cac nonumuKe CCG^.-'llbfl^ pea. O . T . ' Tapa«»Ba)«M.:
quIe gia ASEAN va nhilu nude khac tren 1988. C. 101-102; CyjiHUKaa T. VI. CmpaHbi ACEAH
u MCJicdyHapodHbie omHouieHun e -JOzo-eocmoHHoi
thi gidi cuong quylt phan ddi va len an viec /43MM.C. 104-106 Hflp. e, .u.; '
^' HoBaKOBa O. B., U s e r ^ W K). Mcmopta
Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia. Su kien BbemnoMa. MacTb 2. C.259. "M 2£ C005: .EAESHC
- Mf^ijoUil qjud. 95
Cudc tan cdng cua quan dgi Trung Qude ung hg cac che do cdng san d cac quoc gia
vao lanh thg Viet Nam bi Lien Xd kich liet Dong Duomg, van de Campuchia cang trd
len^^o. TrQr)g,^I"ify?nr,bd ciia Chirih phii Lien nen nghiem trgng. Trong hang thap ky lien.
X6 ngay L8-2-1979,. Lien X6 ,doi Trung
Lien Xd iing hd vd dieu kien sir cd mat cua
Quoc phai nit ngay quan dgi ra khoi lanh thd
quan dgi Viet Nam d Campuchia, con da so
Viet Nam va nhan manh rang: Lien Xd se
cac nude tren the gidi doi Viet Nam nit quan
thuc hien nhiing cam ket cua minh theo Hiep
ra khoi Campuchia. Tir do, co the thay rang
udc Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc daky kit giiia Lien
Xdvd VietNarr?^. viec giai quyet van de Campuchia phan
nhieu anh hudng den chinh sach doi ngoai
Phien hop bat thirdrig bua Bd Chinh tri
cua Lien Xd d Dong A, den moi quan he cua
Bain Chap hanli Trung uong Dang Cgng san
Lien Xd doi vdi Trung Quoc cung nhu vdi
Lien Xo'da quyef dinh'cir dai dien dac biet
cac quoc gia ASEAN^^.
WlWfelc'^irih ctitfg' vdi'toi WSu thu cua Lien
^§.'Trong khi qu&n'dgi Tiung QuIc giao Vao nhirng nam 80 ciia the ky XX,
^ffiih vdi cac lire lugrfgtian quan tu ve cac trong con mat cua cac qude gia Dong Nam
'iialhSbTIH'gi'di phlaB'lc', rrigt sl don vi quan A, Viet Nam la mgt mli de dga hoan toan
'(^i'filh^Xfl viing Zabaikal da tl chiic diln nguy hiem va thuc te. Thic nhdt, dat nude
% '^ln'J8^ng='terfl^f'^'tfeh bien gidi X6- nay co tiem luc quan sir rat Idn (quan so cua
'Trung,'' con cac tau chien cua Ham dgi Thai lire lugng vii trang diing thii tu tren the gidi,
Binh Duong'thi chudn bi tien ve Bien Vang sau Trung QuIc, Lien X6 va My); Thic hai,
'va Bieh Nam Trtttig'Qiadc: BIC Kinh liln lap viec Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia tao
'tfed # m^ ntt'^^qu^ laifei lanh thi Viet ra mli lo au thuc sir cho cac qude gia
ASEAN, v l phin minh, diing tren quan
dilm giai d p . Ha Noi cung coi cac nude
, Ciing vdi viec Lien X6 coi trgng vi tri
B1 ui^h amjb .6X iiaiJ LUQ idra o&h ;. ASEAN la ke thii vi nhom nude nay da ung
chien Iiroc cua Viet Nam ciing nhu tich cue
hg cuoc can thiep vu trang ciia My chong
" C"M. noflpp6Ho: HcaeB M. 0., HepHbimeB A. C.
WMo^ii^ lQ^eeikif}de^mfidj^^idO iilhHoweHuii: ^' 06 3T0M HHUiyx: BaacanoB E. 11. KumaH u eHeiuHUU
1917-1985. C.182; CoeemcKufi Com3.- BpemhaM: 30 Mup. M., 1990. C. 311-312; EyuiHHCKHH JI.
Jiem omHomeuuH r7950-/P5«>/.'.«.= '^34V^^-25;-526-527; CoeemcKan eHeuiHHH nonumuKa u lOao-eocmoHHO
529; 530-532. A3UH. C. 602; rpe6eHmHK0B 3. Kumaii u ACEAH:
^'CM.: Ea>KaHOB E. U. KumaU u eHewHuH Mup. C. 84- yxodn om cmepeomunoe npouuiozo // M3MM0. 1991.
Xs 9. C. 132-133; CyjiHUKaa T. H. Cmpaubi ACEAH u
85;
http://www.itogi.ru/paper2001.nsf/Article/ltogi_2001 MeoKdyuapodhbie omnouieHUH e lOao-eocmoiHoU
06 18 13 3158.html y^sMM.C. 61-62; 98-101 nap.
- 96 NGHIEN CCrU CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°07 (130).2011
Viet Nam, tham chi mgt sd nude than My hai nude. Song, nhumg dieu kien ma phia
(Thai Lan, Philippin) cdn true tilp tham gia Trung Qude dua ra cho viec binh thudng hda
vao cudc chien tranh nay chong lai nhan dan quan he Trung-Xd la phai thuc hien "3 dieu
Viet Nam. Ngoai ra, ASEAN ciing la ngudi can trd": 1) Rut quan dgi Lien Xd khoi
khdi xudng phong trao quoc te chong su can Afganixtan; 2) Riit bd dgi bien phdng Lien
thiep cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia . Xd khdi khu vuc bien gidi Xd-Trung; 3) Giai
quyet van de Campuchia bang each nit quan
Viet Nam va Campuchia hau nhu bi cd
ddi Viet Nam khdi nude nay.
lap trong cdng ddng quoc te. Lien Xd va cac
nude XHCN het Idng ung hd hai nude nay. Nhiing ddng minh khac cua Lien X6
Cac quoc gia ASEAN, My, cac nude Tay Au trong khu vuc nhu Mdng Cd, CHDCND
thi coi hanh dgng ciia Viet Nam d Trieu Tien va Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam ve
campuchia la xam luge va dau tranh nham chinh tri ludn ludn ung hd Lien Xd. Nhung
giai quyet van de Campuchia tren co sd nit tiem luc quan su va kinh te cua hg bi ban che
toan bg quan ddi nude ngoai va tien hanh va vi the, quan he ciia Lien Xd vdi cac nude
tdng tuyen cii tu do. Vi van de Campuchia nay da ngdn di cua Lien Xd mgt lugng Idn
ma mau thuIn giiia Lien Xd va Trung Qude vat chat va tien ciia. Cac vin de ddi ngoai,
bi trim trgng them. Nhu vay, Trung Qude da trong dd cd viec Lien Xd phai tieu tdn mgt
xa rdi "dai gia dmh" XHCN. Vi tri cua lugng khdng Id vat chit va tien bac de vien
Trung Qude dugc thay the bang cac qude gia trg khdng hoan lai cho cac nude ddng minh,
Ddng Duomg, trudc het la Viet Nam. ciing nhu nhiing chi phi quan su tin kem da
Nhin chung, din nam 1985, d Ddng A bugc Lien Xd phai cd nhumg thay ddi can
tinh hinh biln chuyin khdng thuan lgi cho ban trong chinh sach doi ngoai cua minh. Vi
Lien Xd: Trung Qude, cudng qude Idn nhit vay, sau khi len nam quyen vao nam 1985,
trong khu vuc, da hon hai thap nien ehdng lai ban lanh dao mdi ciia Lien Xd, diing dau la
anh hudng cua Lien Xd, nhilu khi trd thanh M. X. Gorbachdp, da de ra nhiem vu: Dat
ddi dau nhau. Vac nhiing nam 80, xuit hien dugc sir thay ddi mang tinh bude ngoat,
nhiing dau hieu tdt lanh trong quan he giiia chuyen tir Chien tranh Lanh, ddi dau sang
hgp tac va doi thoai./.
'" CM. xaKJKe: CyjiHUKaa T. H. CmpaHH ACEAH u
MeoKdynapodHbie omHOiueHtiH e lOzo-eocmoHHoU
A3UU.C. 104-115.
nguon tai.lieu . vn