Báo cáo khoa học: Reducing pesticide resides, improving yield, quality and marketing of vegetables crops in Northern Central Vietnam through improved varieties, GAP principles and farmer focused training (First Six-Monthly Report)

Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Development Progress Report 021/06VIE Reducing pesticide resides, improving yield, quality and marketing of vegetables crops in Northern Central Vietnam through improved varieties, GAP principles and farmer focused training First Six-Monthly Report Date 9th January 2008 1 Table of Contents 1. Institute Information ___________________________________________________ 2 2. Project Abstract _______________________________________________________ 3 3. Executive Summary ____________________________________________________ 3 4. Introduction & Background _____________________________________________ 4 5. Progress to Date_______________________________________________________ 6 5.1 Implementation Highlights ________________________________________________ 6 5.2 Smallholder Benefits______________________________________________________ 6 5.3 Capacity Building ________________________________________________________ 7 5.4 Publicity________________________________________________________________ 7 5.5 Project Management _____________________________________________________ 7 6. Report on Cross-Cutting Issues___________________________________________ 7 6.1 Environment ____________________________________________________________ 7 6.2 Gender and Social Issues __________________________________________________ 8 7. Implementation & Sustainability Issues____________________________________ 8 7.1 Issues and Constraints ____________________________________________________ 8 7.2 Options_________________________________________________________________ 8 7.3 Sustainability____________________________________________________________ 8 8. Next Critical Steps _____________________________________________________ 8 9. Conclusion ___________________________________________________________ 9 10. Statutory Declaration___________________________Error! Bookmark not defined. 10.1 Appendix 1 Suggested Plans for Watermelon Trials in Vinh at ASINCV _____ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1 1. Institute Information Project Name Vietnamese Institution Vietnamese Project Team Leader Australian Organisation Australian Personnel Date commenced Reducing pesticide residues, improving yield, quality and marketing of vegetable crops in Northern Central Vietnam through improved varieties, GAP principles and farmer focused training Agricultural Science Institute for Northern Central Vietnam. (“ASINCV”), Nghi Kim, Vinh city,Nghe An province, Vietnam Dr Chuong Applied Horticultural Research Pty. Ltd.(AHR) ACN 073 642 510, PO Box 3114, Bundeena NSW 2230, Australia Assoc Prof. Gordon Rogers March 2007 Completion (original) Completion (revised) Reporting period date December 2009 date 1st March 2007 – 30th June 2007 Contact Officer(s) In Australia: Team Leader Name: Position: Organisation Assoc Prof. Gordon Rogers Project Leader AHR, Applied Horticultural Research , PO Box 3114 Bundeena NSW 2230, Australia Telephone: Fax: Email: 0418 517 777 +61 2 9544 3782 gordon@ahr.com.au In Australia: Administrative contact Name: Position: Organisation Lynn Christie Administrator AHR, Applied Horticultural Research, PO Box 3114, Bundeena NSW 2230, Australia Telephone: Fax: Email: +61 2 9527 0826 +61 2 9544 3782 lynn@ahr.com.au In Vietnam Name: Position: Organisation Dr Pham Van Chuong Team Leader Vietnam Agricultural Science Institute for Northern Central Vietnam. (“ASINCV”), Nghi Kim, Vinh city, Nghe An province, Vietnam Telephone: Fax: Email: +84 (903) 221 612 +84(0) 38 851 981 chuong.phamvan@gma il.com 2 2. Project Abstract Vegetable farming in Vietnam can bring an attractive income of around 20-30 Million VND per year which represents 80-90% of the average farming family income. There is potential to increase these returns to growers by maximizing yield and quality of the produce they grow. This project aims to improve the income of smallholders by encouraging them to adopt clean and sustainable production practices. This will involve providing high yielding; disease resistant varieties of watermelon and cabbage, providing information and training in Good Agricultural Practice which will in turn help reduce chemical inputs and reduce postharvest losses. The introduction of new varieties and GAP will be implanted using a participatory approach with farmer field days and workshops lead by leading Australian industry consultants. The project will also facilitate the development of an effective supply chain which provides quality assurance for buyers and a higher income for farmers. The project focus is on producing a better commercial outcome for growers by facilitating the adoption of good agricultural practice and the development of relationships along the supply chain. 3. Executive Summary Vegetable farming in Vietnam can bring an attractive income of around 20-30 Million VND per year which represents 80-90% of the average farming family income. There is potential to increase these returns to growers by maximizing yield and quality of the produce they grow. This project aims to improve the income of smallholders by encouraging them to adopt clean and sustainable production practices. This will involve providing high yielding, disease resistant varieties of watermelon and cabbage, providing information and training in Good Agricultural Practice which will in turn help reduce chemical inputs and reduce postharvest losses. New varieties of watermelon were introduced and successfully grown for one season. Due to the long negotiations over the contract the late start date meant that the plantings were later than optimum. Nevertheless the watermelon was good quality and the first harvest was successfully sold to Metro Cash and Carry in Hanoi. Unfortunately the monsoon destroyed the later plantings and it was unmarketable. This was a very successful preliminary trial which demonstrated the concept for the local growers and as a result they are keen to continue working with the project to produce a crop of cabbages with planting starting in late October. This preliminary trial; • Demonstrated new marketing links between supermarkets (e.g. Metro Cash and Carry initially) and farmers that will increase farmer income and result in higher vegetable quality in retail outlets. • Improved pre-harvest technologies to produce high quality cucurbit crops • Improved quality standards and quality assurance cucurbit crops to meet market expectations 3 4. Introduction & Background Vegetable growing in Vietnam is an important source of income for the country and accounts for 9% of the total cropping including rice. The major vegetables consumed in Vietnam are KangKong, Brassica’s (cabbage, pak choi & kohlrabi) and various types of cucurbits (Anh, Ali et al. 2004). There is potential to increase these returns to growers by maximizing yield and quality of the produce they grow. However, there are several aspects of the vegetable industry in Vietnam which currently limit expansion and development of the industry and financial returns to farmers, i.e.: • High pesticide and nitrosamine residues in produce • Postharvest temperature management and handling technology limits the quality presented to consumers • Agronomic practices used by growers can limit potential yields and hence farmer income • Traditional marketing can limit farmer returns One of the key issues is the high level of pesticide residue on fresh produce grown in Vietnam. A recent study has shown that up to 22% of the vegetables consumed in Vietnam may be unsafe to eat because of pesticide residues, heavy metal contamination and high nitrosamine levels (Health and Life, No. 204, Nov. 2002). In Hanoi, 9% of vegetable samples exceed pesticide residue limits and 7% have residues of banned pesticides (Moustier, Bridger et al. 2002; Anh, Ali et al. 2004). In addition to pesticide residues, nitrate levels in vegetable products are commonly several times higher than permitted levels (Thatch 1999), and are caused by the use of excessive nitrogenous fertilizer (Thi 1999; Thi 2000; Ha and Ali 2005). Despite the heavy pesticide use, significant proportions of crop yields are lost to pests and diseases e.g. 25% of leafy vegetables, 23% of cucurbits and 32% of brassicas (Anh, Ali et al. 2004). One factor which further complicates the pesticide residue issue, is that constant high humidity (>75%) in many growing areas encourages foliage diseases and fungicide spraying to control these diseases (Anh, Ali et al. 2004). The project will use a participatory approach to encourage the uptake of good agricultural practices (GAP) by the collaborating Vietnamese Institutes and the stakeholders (farmers, extension staff and commercial partners). The project will include several training initiatives. These include the establishment of demonstration variety and GAP trials which will be the basis of farmer field days, postharvest research investigating temperature management and packaging along the supply chain, intensive training of Vietnamese horticulturalists in Australia and the delivery of a large workshop at the end of the project to ensure the information is available to as wide an audience as possible. There will also be workshops involving the collaborating farmers, Institutes and commercial buyers that will develop quality standards and quality assurance programs for the supply chain identified. Mr John Baker from Produce Marketing Australia (PMA) will facilitate that part of the project as he has extensive experience in developing markets for Australian, American and Vietnamese growers. The aim is to develop a new and reliable market for growers by establishing supply chain links with Metro supermarkets. This will mean that the number of steps in the supply chain will be reduced and the product will reach the final customers more quickly, resulting in a fresher product with increased demand and sales. As a result, farmers will benefit through increased sales, more reliable markets, better communication with product buyers and in turn 4 ... - tailieumienphi.vn