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Academic Vocabulary
Equipping yourself with the relevant academic vocabulary will give you a head start in your university studies. Especially if you’re a second language learner of English, studying in a foreign language can be very difficult and time-consuming. In order to do well, you may want to consider the following ways of learning aca-demic vocabulary more effectively.
You will need:
The General Service List
The GSL is a list of general and basic vocabulary of English used in order of frequency. It has been recognized and used quite extensively among second language learners of English for work and study. It was first created by West in 1953.
The version used was then adapted by Baumann and Culligan in 1995. It contains almost 2,300 words. The GSL here is divided into smaller sublists. Sublist 1 has the first 500 words. Sublist 2 the next 500 words etc. For the complete word lists, refer to: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~alzsh3/acvocab/wordlists.htm
Subject-related Word List
This is a list of words which is specific to your discipline of studies, for example, finance, accounting, education and others. The index at the back of your textbook is generally the best guide to the terms, concepts that are widely used in the subject.
The index is a valuable guide to understanding the key concepts and terms used in a subject. So make good use of the book index. You may also want to consult this site for some additional help and ideas: http://www.uefap.com/vocab/select/selframs.htm Read through the introduction and see which parts are relevant to you.
The Academic World List
The AWL is first developed by and compiled by Averil Coxhead Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand. The AWL contains 10 sublists that include 570 word families which appeared most frequently in academic texts. There are 60 words in each sublist 1-9, and 30 in Sublist 10.
Sublist one consists of the 60 mostly frequently used words in the academic texts and sublist two consists of the next 60 word families and so on.
The academic corpus contained approximately3,500,000 active vocabulary taken from a variety of texts used and read across the faculties, spanning over more than 25 subject areas.
The complete Academic Word list of 570 root words and their word families can be conveniently found in http://www.uefap.com/vocab/select/awl.htm with a quick link to their the dictionary meanings. A note to mention is that the list here is arranged in alphabetical order and NOT by sublists. Nevertheless, this is a great site to learn the meanings of the AWL words and to see how the words are connected.
Learning Skills
First Year Experience
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au http://www.mq.edu.au/learningskills/
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Critical Thinking is...
There are gap-filling exercises that you could do to learn the academic words in their proper contexts. Besides learning the root word, learn the word families and how they could be correctly used in sentences e.g. the word “access” can be used as a noun as well as a verb.
The word family for ‘access’:
accessed, accesses, accessibility, accessible, accessing, inaccessible.
Ensure you have at least 80-85% correct answer in the each exercise of a sublist before you move on to the subsequent level. Start with exercises in sublist 1 and work your level up.
This website will take you step by step through the exercises. Try some of these exercises: http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/~alzsh3/acvocab/learning.htm
PRACTICE TEST
1. Be sure you _____________ a recent photo for your passport application.
2. There has been a noticeable drop in the _____________ of crime in the area since the teen centre opened up.
3. If we all appear _____________, I’m sure we’ll be able to negotiate a good deal with the sales agent.
4. It can be quite difficult to really define _____________ ideas, such as ‘trust’ or ‘faith’.
5. My wife has great _____________ because she practises yoga on a daily basis.
6. The Dutch foreign _____________ attended to the needs of the victims of the American tornado.
7. It was my _____________ that she was talking to me; I could be wrong though.
8. The boss gave me specific _____________ to send the report to you as soon as it was complete.
9. Reading lots of journals really _____________ my knowledge and grasp of academic vocabulary.
10. We made a digital _____________ of our baby’s first sounds to send to my parents.
Words to choose from:
tape abstract flexibility incidence presumed
cooperate attach instructed enhanced ministered
ANSWERS are available on sublist 6 on page 5 of this document. The numbers show the correct answers to the above questions.
Learning Skills
First Year Experience
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au http://www.mq.edu.au/learningskills/
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Academic Word Lists (AWL)...
Sublist 1 of the Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.
analysis approach area assessment assume authority available benefit concept consistent constitutional context contract create
data definition derived distribution economic environment
established estimate evidence export factors financial formula function identified income indicate individual
interpretation involved issues
labour legal legislation major method
occur percent period policy principle procedure process required research response role section sector significant similar source specific structure theory variable
Sublist 2 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the second most frequent words in the Academic Word List from the Academic Corpus.
achieve acquisition administration affect appropriate aspects assistance categories chapter commission community complex computer conclusion conduct consequences construction consumer credit
cultural
design distinction elements equation evaluation features final
focus impact injury institute investment items journal
maintenance normal obtained participation perceived positive
potential previous primary purchase range region regulations relevant resident resources restricted security sought select
site strategies survey text traditional transfer
Learning Skills
First Year Experience
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au http://www.mq.edu.au/learningskills/
3
Academic Word Lists (AWL)...
Sublist 3 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the third most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.
alternative circumstances comments compensation components consent considerable constant constraints contribution convention coordination core corporate corresponding criteria deduction demonstrate document dominant
emphasis ensure excluded framework funds illustrated immigration implies initial instance interaction justification layer
link location maximum minorities negative outcomes partnership
philosophy physical proportion published reaction registered reliance removed scheme sequence sex
shift specified sufficient task technical techniques technology validity volume
Sublist 4 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the fourth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.
access adequate annual apparent approximated attitudes attributed civil
code commitment communication concentration conference contrast
cycle debate despite dimensions domestic emerged
error ethnic goals granted hence hypothesis
implementation implications imposed integration internal investigation job
label mechanism obvious occupational option output overall
parallel parameters phase predicted principal prior professional project promote regime resolution retained series statistics status stress subsequent sum summary undertaken
Learning Skills
First Year Experience
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au http://www.mq.edu.au/learningskills/
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Academic Word Lists (AWL)...
Sublist 5 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the fifth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.
academic adjustment alter amendment aware capacity challenge compounds conflict consultation contact decline discretion draft
enable energy enforcement entities equivalent evolution
expansion exposure external clause facilitate fundamental generated generation image liberal licence
logic perspective marginal medical mental modified monitoring network notion
objective orientation precise prime psychology pursue ratio sustainable rejected revenue stability styles substitution symbolic target transition trend version welfare whereas
Sublist 6 of Academic Word List - Most Frequent Words in Families
This sublist contains the sixth most frequent words of the Academic Word List in the Academic Corpus.
abstract (4) accurate acknowledged aggregate allocation assigned attached author
bond brief capable cited
cooperative (3) discrimination display diversity domain
edition enhanced estate
exceed expert explicit federal fees
flexibility (5) furthermore gender ignored incentive incidence (2) incorporated index inhibition initiatives input
instructions (8) intelligence interval
lecture
migration minimum ministry
motivation neutral nevertheless overseas preceding presumption (7) rational recovery revealed
scope subsidiary tapes trace
transformation transport underlying utility
Learning Skills
First Year Experience
E-mail: learningskills@mq.edu.au http://www.mq.edu.au/learningskills/
5
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