Tài liệu miễn phí Kỹ năng viết tiếng Anh
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Medical writing. American Medical Writers Association, Business writing. International Association of Business Communicators. Trends in professional education. Global information. Machine translation. Computer documentation. Looking ahead.
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DIFFERENT FORMS OF writing have been used to relay information since ancient times. People have communicated facts, lore, data, news, science, wisdom, and entertainment in writing using methods ranging from ancient cave drawings and hieroglyphics to the latest bestseller, computer manual, or blog.
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Writing can be broadly classified into two categories: fiction and nonfiction. The novelists, short-story writers, poets, screenwriters, and playwrights who produce fiction manipulate words and lan¬guage to create scenes, moods, and effects so readers can feel as though they are unobserved, passive participants to the events described.
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Nonfiction writers present facts and data in a variety of formats, including magazine and newspaper articles, books (text¬books, biographies, how-tos, self-help, travel guides, and more), booklets, reports, brochures, memoirs, manuals, journals
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Technical writers write, edit, and prepare publications in many fields of technology, science, engineering, and medicine, including articles for technical and scientific journals, both in print and online.
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The publications may be technical reports, instruction manuals, articles, papers, proposals, brochures, and booklets and even speeches for technical meetings and conferences.
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Technical writers must remain objective and factual about the subject matter they are dealing with. Their sole function is to write dispassionately about facts and objects and to relate useful, relevant, reliable information that readers can understand.
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The language they use must be simple and direct and contain a minimum of non¬functional descriptive adjectives. Their verbs must be in the active rather than the passive voice to eliminate any doubt about what the writing means or implies.
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Any writing that requires familiarity with (or willingness to learn about) a technical field would be considered technical writing. Writing about museum conservation is technical writing as much as writing user manuals for a software product or a troubleshoot¬ing guide for a broken tractor.
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Writing about museum conservation is technical writing as much as writing user manuals for a software product or a troubleshoot-ing guide for a broken tractor. Technical writing is a useful com-munication tool whenever information of a technical nature must be transmitted.
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In the early days of Technical writing, people with scientific and Technical backgrounds were given writing assignments for which They weren't prepared or qualified. Not surprisingly, much of the writing they produced was often very poorly composed, stilted, and boring.
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. This in no way reflects on the intelligence or education level of the writers, but represents the difficulty of merging technical knowledge with writing skills to produce an acceptable product. It is not unusual for highly educated technicians to produce poor-quality writing because their training and experience have not focused on verbal and written skills.
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On the other hand, writers with no scientific background had difficulty understanding how to present and interpret scientific data and subject matter so that the reader would be properly informed.
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According to the subject matter and the treatment it receives, essays may be divided into four mam types: narrative, descriptive, reflective or expository and discoursive or argumentative.
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Essays may be divided into four mam types: narrative, descriptive, reflective or expository and discoursive or argumentative. The division, however, is by no means clear cut; in fact most essays have features characteristic not of one particular type, but of several.
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This book which covers all the 4 types and is intended for students of the English Depaitnient upper intermediate level/ at Yerevan State Linguistic University after V.Brusov, is the logical continuation of the one published m 2004, which dealt with topics ranging from sentence structure to paragraph writing, from linking paragraphs together to drafting essays.
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The act of telling a story is called narration. Thus narrative is waiting that answers the question, What happened? The dog barked. The child cried. The dog jumped. The child screamed and ran - that is narrative.
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Though each of the four sentences states a different action, we feel there is connection between them. We assume that the dog that barked in sentence 1 is the dog that jumped in sentence 3 and that the child that cried in sentence 2 screamed and ran in sentence 4. The four sentences tell a single story.
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But if we read. The dog barked. The man read. The sun shone. The child ate and slept, it is difficult to feel any connection. However, most of us are so used to finding that narrative sentences like these do hang together that we are likely to assume or invent a connection
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Nevertheless, in the absence of a context conmion sense forces us to conclude either that the sentences really deal with four separate actions and four separate characters, or that they are a very badly told narrative.
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The first set of sentences told about a dog frightening a child. It would be difficult to sum up the second set in a similar statement. The sentences given here do not seem to make up a single, unified stoiy.
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In your preparations for college, you may find yourself facing a handful of high-stakes essays. Your college application requires at least one, and the SAT requires another. Depending upon the high school you attend, or the state you reside in, you may need to write an exit essay, or take the Regents Exam.
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Depending upon the high school you attend, or the state you reside in, you may need to write an exit essay, or take the Regents Exam. This book includes specific strategies to help you write great essays, no matter which type you write.
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In contrast to basic writing guides that contain plenty of information you don't need, How to Write Great Essays focuses on the topics most important to you now. You won't find a comprehensive guide to mechanics, but instead you will get short but thorough lessons on the most common errors made in grammar, spelling, usage, and how to prevent and cor¬rect these errors.
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You won't find a comprehensive guide to mechanics, but instead you will get short but thorough lessons on the most common errors made in grammar, spelling, usage, and how to prevent and cor¬rect these errors. Every chapter is designed to relate directly to your essay, giving you the knowledge and the know-how you need to succeed.
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This data shows you how to organize your thoughts and ideas before you begin writ¬ing, with techniques such as freewriting, brainstorming, and outlining. You will even learn why it's important to read good writing while preparing your essay.
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Chapter two is about saying exactly what you mean by avoiding ambiguous language, using modifiers, eliminating unnecessary words and phrases, and using the active voice whenever possible.
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Chapter three examines word choice and how it can accurately convey your ideas. It explains the most common misused and confused words, denotation versus connotation, and inclusive language. Important advice about the use of spell checking software is also included.
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Chapter four teaches the most common mechanical errors so you can eliminate them from your writing. Troublesome parts of speech, issues such as noun-verb agree¬ment, and punctuation problems are explained.
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Chapter five shows you how to revise, edit, and proofread your essay. You will find check-lists to use during these processes, as well as tips from professional editors. The use of word-processing programs to help with editing is also covered.
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