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chuyên đề viết lại câu
Sưu tầm và Biên soạn bởi cô NGUYỄN QUỲNH TRANG
I. LÝ THUYẾT
Các dạng chính:
1. Biến đổi thời thì của câu
Chủ yếu: chuyển từ thì QKĐ khác sang thì HTHT
1.1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu
làm gì)
=> S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since …
Ví dụ: I started learning English 5 years ago.
I have learned English for 5 years.
1.2. S + last + V (past) + time + ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has + not + PII+ for + time
=> It’s + time + since + S + last + V (past).
=> The last time + S + V (past) + was + time + ago.
Ví dụ: I last met John 10 months ago.
I haven’t met John for 10 months.
It’s 10 months since I last met John.
The last time I met John was 10 months ago.
1.3. This is the first time + S + have/has + PII: Lần đầu làm gì
=> S +have/ has + never + PII + before
=> S+ have/ has not + PII + before
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have played this sport.
I have never played this sport before.
I have not played this sport before.
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1.4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+PII
=> S + have/ has + never + PII + such a/an + ADJ+ N
=> S + have/ has never + PII + a more + ADJ + N than this
Ví dụ: That is the most interesting story she have read.
She has never read such an interesting story.
She has never read a more interesting story than that.
2. Sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ
2.1. Hardly + had + S + PII + when + S + V (past) = No sooner + had + S + PII + than + S + V (past)
Ví dụ: It rained heavily right after he went out.
Hardy had he gone out when it rained heavily.
No sooner had he gone out than it rained heavily.
2.2. No longer + đảo ngữ = no more + V
Ví dụ: No longer does he smoke.
He no more smokes.
2.3. At no time + đảo ngữ = never V
Ví dụ: Jame never visits his grandfather.
At no time does Jame visit his grandfather.
2.4. Not only + đảo ngữ + but + S + also + V…
Ví dụ: She not only does all the housework but also runs a successful company.
Not only does she do all the housework but she also runs a successful company.
3. Sử dụng thể gián tiếp
3.1. Câu gián tiếp với dạng câu hỏi
Ví dụ: “What time do you get up?”, she said to me.
She asked me what time I got up.
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3.2. Câu trần thuật
Ví dụ: “I will go to Japan next months.”, he said.
He said that he would go to Japan the next month.
4. Sử dụng giả định thức
4.1. "Wish" sentence:
a) Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/ wish somebody to do something
Ví dụ:
- I wish to pass the entrance exam
- I wish you happy birthday
- I wish you to become a good teacher
b) Wish (that) + S + simple past: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
Ví dụ:
- I wish I had a car (The fact that I don't have a car)
c) Wish (that) + S + past perfect: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong quá khứ
Ví dụ:
- I wish I hadn't spent so much money (The fact that I spent so much money)
d) S1 + wish (that) + S2 + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại
Ví dụ:
- I wish they would stop making noise.
4.2. "If only" sentence:
a) if only + simple tense/future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai
Ví dụ:
- If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
- If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her.
b) If only + simple past: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
c) If only + past perfect: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong quá khứ
d) If only + S + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại
4.3. "As if/ as though" sentence:
a) As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
Eg: It's very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now (The fact that it's summer now)
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b) As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
Eg: The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if/as though it had been destroyed by bombs (The fact
that it was destroyed by earthquake)
c) As if/as though + present tense: diễn đạt hành động có thật
Eg : He appears running from a fierce dog -> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
4.4. S1 + would rather + S2 did something = Đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại.
Eg: A: Would you mind if I smoke?
B: I would rather you didn't smoke.
4.6. Các tính từ, động từ, danh từ đòi hỏi theo sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có
THAT và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không TO
a) Các tính từ giả định:
- advised, necessary, recommended, important, obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, essential, vital,
urgent, proposed, suggested.
Ví dụ:
- It is necessary that he FIND the books
- It has been propose that we CHANGE the topic
- It is essential that every child HAVE the same educational opportunities.
b) Các động từ giả định:
- ask, command, decree, demand, insist, propose, request, require, recommend, stipulate, suggest, urge.
Ví dụ:
- The doctor suggested that she give up smoking.
- The student advisor recommended that she study more English before enrolling at the university.
5. Sử dụng dạng bị động
5.1. Dạng bị động thông thường
Ví dụ: He bought this car last year.
This car was bought last year.
5.2. Dạng bị động với các động từ tường thuật
Ví dụ: People said that Martin was the richest person in the village.
Martin was said to be the richest person in the village.
6. Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
6.1. Nối các câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ
Ví dụ: The boy broke the window. He is one of my friends.
The boy who broke the window is one of my friends.
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6.2. Dạng rút gọn bằng HTPT và QKPT
Ví dụ: The man who teached me Spanish is Mai’s father.
The man teaching me Spanish is Mai’s father.
7. Một số cấu trúc thông dụng khác
7.1. S + be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì...
Ví dụ: The table was too heavy for him to carry.
7.2. S + be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V + O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ: The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go to the movie.
7.3. It + be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V + O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ: He is such a generous person that he gave most of his money for charity.
7.4. S + be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...
Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùng tạo câu mới.
Ví dụ: The table was not light enough for him to carry.
7.5. It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
=> Doing sth be ADJ (for sb)
=> S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth
Ví dụ: It’s important for him to attend the Englis classes.
Attending the English classes is important to him.
He finds the English classses important to attend.
7.6. S + should/ ought to/ had better + V
Or If I were you,…
=> It’s time for sb to do sth
=> It’s (high/ about) time S + did sth. (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới bây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”)
Ví dụ: We should do something about the environment pollution.
It’s time for us to do something about the environment pollution.
It’s high time we did something about the environment pollution.
7.7. In my opinion = As far as I am concerned = I think
Ví dụ: I think the situation is now much more complicated.
As far as I am concerned, the situation is now much more complicated.
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Lý thuyết & bài tập
chuyên đề viết lại câu
Sưu tầm và Biên soạn bởi cô NGUYỄN QUỲNH TRANG
I. LÝ THUYẾT
Các dạng chính:
1. Biến đổi thời thì của câu
Chủ yếu: chuyển từ thì QKĐ khác sang thì HTHT
1.1. S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago (nhận dạng cấu trúc: began/ started to V/ Ving: bắt đầu
làm gì)
=> S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since …
Ví dụ: I started learning English 5 years ago.
I have learned English for 5 years.
1.2. S + last + V (past) + time + ago: Lần cuối cùng làm gì
=> S + have/ has + not + PII+ for + time
=> It’s + time + since + S + last + V (past).
=> The last time + S + V (past) + was + time + ago.
Ví dụ: I last met John 10 months ago.
I haven’t met John for 10 months.
It’s 10 months since I last met John.
The last time I met John was 10 months ago.
1.3. This is the first time + S + have/has + PII: Lần đầu làm gì
=> S +have/ has + never + PII + before
=> S+ have/ has not + PII + before
Ví dụ: This is the first time I have played this sport.
I have never played this sport before.
I have not played this sport before.
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1.4. This is the Superlative (…est/ most ADJ N) S +have/has+PII
=> S + have/ has + never + PII + such a/an + ADJ+ N
=> S + have/ has never + PII + a more + ADJ + N than this
Ví dụ: That is the most interesting story she have read.
She has never read such an interesting story.
She has never read a more interesting story than that.
2. Sử dụng cấu trúc đảo ngữ
2.1. Hardly + had + S + PII + when + S + V (past) = No sooner + had + S + PII + than + S + V (past)
Ví dụ: It rained heavily right after he went out.
Hardy had he gone out when it rained heavily.
No sooner had he gone out than it rained heavily.
2.2. No longer + đảo ngữ = no more + V
Ví dụ: No longer does he smoke.
He no more smokes.
2.3. At no time + đảo ngữ = never V
Ví dụ: Jame never visits his grandfather.
At no time does Jame visit his grandfather.
2.4. Not only + đảo ngữ + but + S + also + V…
Ví dụ: She not only does all the housework but also runs a successful company.
Not only does she do all the housework but she also runs a successful company.
3. Sử dụng thể gián tiếp
3.1. Câu gián tiếp với dạng câu hỏi
Ví dụ: “What time do you get up?”, she said to me.
She asked me what time I got up.
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3.2. Câu trần thuật
Ví dụ: “I will go to Japan next months.”, he said.
He said that he would go to Japan the next month.
4. Sử dụng giả định thức
4.1. "Wish" sentence:
a) Wish + to do/ wish somebody something/ wish somebody to do something
Ví dụ:
- I wish to pass the entrance exam
- I wish you happy birthday
- I wish you to become a good teacher
b) Wish (that) + S + simple past: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
Ví dụ:
- I wish I had a car (The fact that I don't have a car)
c) Wish (that) + S + past perfect: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong quá khứ
Ví dụ:
- I wish I hadn't spent so much money (The fact that I spent so much money)
d) S1 + wish (that) + S2 + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại
Ví dụ:
- I wish they would stop making noise.
4.2. "If only" sentence:
a) if only + simple tense/future tense: diễn tả hi vọng trong tương lai
Ví dụ:
- If only he comes in time = we hope he will come in time
- If only he will listen to her = we hope he will be willing to listen to her.
b) If only + simple past: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong hiện tại, điều không có thật ở hiện tại
c) If only + past perfect: thể hiện sự nuối tiếc trong quá khứ
d) If only + S + would do something: phàn nàn hoặc muốn thay đổi tình huống hiện tại
4.3. "As if/ as though" sentence:
a) As if/as though + simple past: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở hiện tại
Eg: It's very cold today. It looks as if/as though it were autumn now (The fact that it's summer now)
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b) As if/as though + past perfect: diễn đạt hành động không có thật ở quá khứ
Eg: The whole were seriously damaged. It looks as if/as though it had been destroyed by bombs (The fact
that it was destroyed by earthquake)
c) As if/as though + present tense: diễn đạt hành động có thật
Eg : He appears running from a fierce dog -> It looks as if he is running from a fierce dog.
4.4. S1 + would rather + S2 did something = Đề nghị ai đó một cách lịch sự ở hiện tại.
Eg: A: Would you mind if I smoke?
B: I would rather you didn't smoke.
4.6. Các tính từ, động từ, danh từ đòi hỏi theo sau nó phải ở dạng giả định, trong câu bắt buộc phải có
THAT và động từ sau chủ ngữ 2 ở dạng nguyên thể không TO
a) Các tính từ giả định:
- advised, necessary, recommended, important, obligatory, required, imperative, mandatory, essential, vital,
urgent, proposed, suggested.
Ví dụ:
- It is necessary that he FIND the books
- It has been propose that we CHANGE the topic
- It is essential that every child HAVE the same educational opportunities.
b) Các động từ giả định:
- ask, command, decree, demand, insist, propose, request, require, recommend, stipulate, suggest, urge.
Ví dụ:
- The doctor suggested that she give up smoking.
- The student advisor recommended that she study more English before enrolling at the university.
5. Sử dụng dạng bị động
5.1. Dạng bị động thông thường
Ví dụ: He bought this car last year.
This car was bought last year.
5.2. Dạng bị động với các động từ tường thuật
Ví dụ: People said that Martin was the richest person in the village.
Martin was said to be the richest person in the village.
6. Sử dụng mệnh đề quan hệ
6.1. Nối các câu sử dụng đại từ quan hệ
Ví dụ: The boy broke the window. He is one of my friends.
The boy who broke the window is one of my friends.
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6.2. Dạng rút gọn bằng HTPT và QKPT
Ví dụ: The man who teached me Spanish is Mai’s father.
The man teaching me Spanish is Mai’s father.
7. Một số cấu trúc thông dụng khác
7.1. S + be/V + too + adj/adv + (for someone) + to do something: Quá....để cho ai làm gì...
Ví dụ: The table was too heavy for him to carry.
7.2. S + be/V + so + adj/ adv + that + S + V + O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ: The weather was so bad that we couldn’t go to the movie.
7.3. It + be/V + such + (a/an) + (adj) + N(s) + that + S + V + O: Quá... đến nỗi mà...
Ví dụ: He is such a generous person that he gave most of his money for charity.
7.4. S + be/V + adj/ adv + enough + (for someone) + to do something : Đủ... cho ai đó làm gì...
Chúng ta thường lấy ADJ đối nghĩa của ADJ cho sẵn trong câu “too” để dùng tạo câu mới.
Ví dụ: The table was not light enough for him to carry.
7.5. It’s adj (for Sb) to do sth: Ai đó làm gì như thế nào?
=> Doing sth be ADJ (for sb)
=> S find Ving/ it/ N + ADJ to do sth
Ví dụ: It’s important for him to attend the Englis classes.
Attending the English classes is important to him.
He finds the English classses important to attend.
7.6. S + should/ ought to/ had better + V
Or If I were you,…
=> It’s time for sb to do sth
=> It’s (high/ about) time S + did sth. (thể hiện sự phàn nàn, chê trách “sao tới bây giờ mà vẫn chưa làm?”)
Ví dụ: We should do something about the environment pollution.
It’s time for us to do something about the environment pollution.
It’s high time we did something about the environment pollution.
7.7. In my opinion = As far as I am concerned = I think
Ví dụ: I think the situation is now much more complicated.
As far as I am concerned, the situation is now much more complicated.
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