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- 122 OX » ANATOMY
anatomicawingafterellendergerpopes
Ox (domestic cattle) characteristics: Unbranched, permanent horn has Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor
digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal
bony core covered with hard sheath, present usually in both male and
oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FDP Flexor digitorum
female. Horns often cut off by owner ("polled"). No front teeth (incisors) profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Front Frontalis; GasLa
in upper jaw; lower incisors press against toughened skin of palate. Ulna Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius, medial head; Glubi
complete, but thin and fused to thicker radius. Only the upper and lower Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Iliac Iliacus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO
Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LatNa
ends of the fibula are present, connected by a fibrous cord that replaces
Lateralis nasi; LeNas Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; LonAt
the shaft. The lower end is attached to the underside of the outer por- Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; Long! Longissimus; Malar
tion of the tibia. Four digits with hoofs per limb. Two central toes are Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; OCCra Obliquus capitis cranialis;
large and weight bearing; vestigial inner and outer toes, with hoofs, are Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecAs
Pectoralis ascendens; PecDe Pectoralis descendens; PecTr Pectoralis transversus;
very small and located higher on side of foot and to the rear (they do not
PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator
articulate with the skeleton and do not touch the ground). Walks on feres; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacLi
toes. Long, horizontal back line. Males tend to be bulky and muscular, Sacrotuberal ligament; Sart Sartorius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC
Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb
whereas females are more angular, muscles less developed, with numer-
Semimembranosus; Sol Soleus; Splen Splenius; Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy
ous prominent bony landmarks showing. Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh
Sternothyrohyoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; SusLi Suspensory
AbDIL Abductor digit! I longus; Adduc Adductor; AT Achilles' tendon; Bicep ligament; TeMaj Feres major, TeMin Teres minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFA Tensor
Biceps brachii; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; Canin fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap
Caninus; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Trapezius; TrILa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head;
Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; DLaMn Depressor labii UlLat Ulnaris lateralis; VasLa Vosfws lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
mandibularis; DLaMx Depressor labii maxillaris; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDBr
- OX > ANATOMY 123
DEEP MUSCLES
SUPERFICIAL MUSCLES
- 124 OX + ANATOMY
AbDlL Abductor digiti I longus; Brach Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius;
Buccinator; Clmas Cleidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Delt Deltoid; DLaMn PLig Patellar ligaments; PrTer Pronator feres; RecFe /tech/s femoris; Stman
Depressor labii mandibularis; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor digitorum Sternomandibularis; Stmas Sternomastoid; Stthh Sternothyrohyoid; Subcl
communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digitorum longus; Subclavius; SusLi Suspensory ligament; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae
FCR F/exor carp/ radialis; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; LatNa Lateralis nasi; latae; TibCr Tibialis cranialis; Trap Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head;
LeNas Levator nasolabialis; Malar Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; VasLa l/asfus lateralis; VasMe l/asfr/s medialis; Zys Zygomaticus.
Omotr Omotransversarius; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; PecDe Pectoralis descendens;
- OX + ANATOMY 125
Coccy Coccygeus; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; Peroneus long us; SacLi Sacrotuberal ligament; Smemb Semimembranosus;
FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digitorum superficialis; Gastr Stend Semitendinosus; SusLi Suspensory ligament; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae;
Gastrocnemius; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Grac Gracilis; PerLo Tricp Triceps brachii; UlLat Ulnaris lateralis.
- 126 OX > ANATOMY
Brcph Brachiocephalicus; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc nasolabialis; Long! Longissimus; Omotr Omotransversarius; SacLi Sacrotuberal
Deltoid, acromial portion; DelSc Deltoid, scapular portion; ExAbO External ligament; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor
abdominal oblique; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; fasciae latae; Trap Trapezius; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head.
InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas Levator
- OX > PHOTOGRAPHS 127
DEVON (FEMALE) HOLSTEIN (FEMALE)
LEFT FRONT LIMB
OUTSIDE VIEW
BROWN SWISS (FEMALE)
Bos taurus
- 128 OX > CROSS SECTIONS
drawing note to
cross sectionafter popesco ellenberger
- OX > CROSS SECTIONS 129
FORELIMB HIND LIMB
Mduc Adductor; AncAnconeus; AT Achilles' tendon; Bleep Biceps brachii; Brach Omotransversarius; PecAs Pectoralis ascendens; Pert Pert/news; PecTr Pectoralis
Brachialis; Brcph Brachiocephalicus; Bucc Buccinator; C2 Second cervical verte- transversus; PerLo Peroneus longus; PerTe Peroneus tertius; PrTer Pronator teres;
bra; C4 Fourth cervical vertebra; Clmas Cieidomastoid; ClOcc Cleido-occipitalis; Ptery Pterygoid; Rad Radius; RCDor /tecfr/s cop/Y/s dorsalis; RecAb flectas obdo-
Corac Coracobrachialis; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi radialis; EDC Extensor m/ms; RecFe ffecfus femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; Sart Sartorius; ScalM Scalenus
digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum lateralis; EDLon Extensor digito- medius; SeDCr Serratus dorsalis cranialis; SemCa Semispinalis capitis; SerVC
rum longus; Esoph Esophagus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FFCR F/exor Serratus ventralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb
carpi radialis; FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FOIL Flexor digiti I longus; FDLon F/cxor Semimembranosus; Spin & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius;
digitorum longus; FDP Flexor digitorum profund us; FDS Flexor digitorum superfi- Stend Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stman Sternomandibularis; Stmas
cialis; Fern Femur; Front Frontalis; Glubi Gluteobiceps; GluMe Gluteus medius; Sternomastoid; Stthy Sternothyroid; SusLi Suspensory ligament; T8 Seventh tho-
Grac Gracilis; Hum Humerus; Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; racic vertebra; TenFA Tensor fasciae antibrachii; TenFL Tensor fasciae latae; Tib
Intcs Intercostals; Inttr Intertransversarii; JugV Jugular vein; L5 /7/?/7 lumbar verte- r/Wo; TibCa 77Wa//s caudalis; TibCr 77/)/a//s cranialis; Trach Trachea; Trap
bra; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LevCo Levator costae; LngCa Longus capitis; LngCo Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head;
Longus colli; LonAt Longissimus atlantis; LonCa Longissimus capitis; LonCe TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; TrnAb Transversus abdominis; UlLat Ulnaris
Longissimus cervicis; Longi Longissimus; Mass Masseter; MetcL iarge lateralis; Uln U/no; Vasln Vosfus intermedius; VasLa l^asfus lateralis; VasMe
metacarpal; MettL large metatarsal; Mult Multifidus; Myloh Mylohyoid; NuLig Vosfus medialis.
Nuchal ligament; OCCau Obliquus capitis caudalis; Omohy Omohyoid; Omotr
- 13O BOVID > PROPORTION
OX/DOMESTICATED CATTLE (JERSEY)
AMERICAN BISON
AFRICAN BUFFALO
- BOVID > PROPORTION 131
MOUNTAIN GOAT
BIGHORN SHEEP
PRONGHORN ANTELOPE
- 132 DOG » ANATOMY
anatomical drawings after ellenberger,done,fromdissections
Dog (canid) characteristics: Anatomy is the same in various domestic FCU Flexor carpi ulnaris; FCU-HH Flexor carpi ulnaris, humeral head; FCU-UH
breeds and wild species—major difference is size and proportion Flexor carpi ulnaris, ulnarhead; FDP Flexor digitorum profundus; FDS Flexor digi-
torum superficialis; GasLa Gastrocnemius, lateral head; GasMe Gastrocnemius,
(Dachshund to Great Dane). Typically with elongated skull—snout long
medial head; GluMe Gluteus medius; GluSu Gluteus superficialis; Grac Gracilis;
and narrow (some domestic breeds have short muzzles). Large canines. Ilioc Iliocostalis; InAbO Internal abdominal oblique; Infra Infraspinatus; IntDC
Cheekteeth with sharp edges for shearing. Large, pointed ears—upright Intertransversarii dorsales caudae; Inter Interossei; IntVC Intertransversarii ven-
tralis caudae; LAOM Levator anguli ocuti medialis; LatDo Latissimus dorsi; LeNas
in all wild species and in many domestic breeds; hanging in some breeds.
Levator nasolabialis; LLaMx Levator labii maxillaris; Longl Longissimus; Malar
Deep chest (top to bottom); long, thin limbs. Five digits on front limb Malaris; Mass Masseter; Myloh Mylohyoid; Omotr Omotransversarius; OrLig
(thumb reduced), four on hind limb (big toe absent). Blunt, nonretractile Orbital ligament; OrOc Orbicularis oculi; OrOr Orbicularis oris; PecDe Pectoralis
claws. Walks on toes. Forearm does not rotate (pronate/supinate). Long, descendens; PecPr Pectoralis profundus; PecTr Pectoralis transversus; PerBr
Peroneus brevis; PerLo Peroneus longus; Pop Popliteus; PrTer Pronator teres;
bushy tail usually in wild species. Lives from the arctic to the tropics.
RAOL Retractor anguli oculi lateralis; RecAb Rectus abdominis; RecFe Rectus
femoris; Rhom Rhomboid; SacDL Sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis; SacLi
AbDl L Abductor digit! I longus; AbDiS Abductor digit! V; Adduc Adductor; Anc Sacrotuberal ligament; SacVL Sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis; Sart Sartorius;
Anconeus; KT Achilles' tendon; Bicep Biceps brachii; BiFemDp Biceps femoris, ScalM Scalenus medius; SerDC Serratus dorsalis caudalis; SerVC Serratus ven-
deep head; BiFemSu Biceps femoris, superficial head; Brach Brachialis; Brcph tralis cervicis; SerVT Serratus ventralis thoracis; Smemb Semimembranosus; Spin
Brachiocephalicus; Brrad Brachioradialis; Bucc Buccinator, Canin Caninus; Clbra & Semsp Spinalis & semispinalis; Splen Splenius; Stcph Sternocephalicus; Stend
Cleidobrachialis; Clcer Cleidocervicalis; Coccy Coccygeus; DelAc Deltoid, acromial Semitendinosus; Sthy Sternohyoid; Stmas Sternomastoid; StOcc Sterno-occipi-
portion; DelSp Deltoid, spinal portion; Digas Digastric; ECR Extensor carpi rodi- talis; Stthy Sternothyroid; Supra Supraspinatus; TeMaj feres mo/or; TeMin Teres
alis; ECU Extensor carpi ulnaris; EDBr Extensor digitorum brevis; EDC Extensor minor; Temp Temporalis; TenFL Tensor fasciae tatae; TibCr Tibiatis cranialis; Trap
digitorum communis; EDLat Extensor digitorum tateralis; EDLon Extensor Trapezius; TriLa Triceps brachii, lateral head; TriLo Triceps brachii, long head;
digitorum longus; ExAbO External abdominal oblique; FCR Flexor carpi radialis; TriMe Triceps brachii, medial head; VasLa Vosfus lateralis; Zyg Zygomaticus.
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